作 者 ：郑维列;田大伦;卢杰*;罗建
期 刊 ：植物研究 2009年 29卷 4期 页码：402-410
Keywords:Rhodiola fastigiata, structure characteristics, quantitative characteristics, growth parameter,
摘 要 ：种群结构及数量特征的研究对揭示种群的形成机制和影响因素有着重要意义。在西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站所在的西藏色季拉山区，采用样地—样方法对研究站旁阳坡、大阴坡、观景台和山口公路上方的长鞭红景天种群进行了调查，共设76块样地、304个样方，进而对长鞭红景天种群结构及数量特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：长鞭红景天在色季拉山主要分布于6个群落类型：急尖长苞冷杉林（P1）、方枝柏林（P2）、薄毛海绵杜鹃灌丛（P3）、毛小叶垫柳灌丛（P4）、鳞腺杜鹃灌丛（P5）及硬叶柳灌丛（P6）。各群落中长鞭红景天平均密度大小顺序为：P3＞P1＞P2＞P4＞P6＞P5、平均基径为：P6＞P2＞P5＞P4＞P1＞P3、平均高度为：P6＞P2＞P5＞P1＞P3＞P4、平均花茎数为：P6＞P2＞P1＞P3＞P5＞P4、平均花茎环数为：P6＞P5＞P2＞P1＞P3＞P4、平均分枝数为：P6＞P1＞P3＞P2＞P4＞P5、重要值为：P5＞P4＞P3＞P2＞P1＞P6。不同群落类型中，长鞭红景天种群的基径、高度及花茎环数等结构系列均表现出不同程度的残缺现象，总体上也出现幼体数目少、成体和老体数目相对较多，但由于其种子繁殖存在一定周期性，并且在自然状态下也进行着无性繁殖，故其仍是增长型种群。对花茎环数的分析发现，长鞭红景天种群大量繁殖的周期是8~10年。长鞭红景天分枝数在5~8枝的植株数比例超过了50 %，分枝数最多的高达45枝，但这些分枝由于相互争夺从根吸收上来的有限营养的原因而生长相对较细。各枝花茎数情况方面，花茎数为1~2枝的所占比例为32.21%，这些主要是侧枝上的花茎；花茎数在7以上的植株占25.82 %，这主要是主轴上的花茎；总体上主轴上着生花茎多于侧枝上的花茎。基径与生长参数关系方面：长鞭红景天的生长参数都是随基径级增大而总体呈现出增大的趋势。研究结果可为进一步探讨长鞭红景天种群生存机制提供基础。
Abstract:Population structure and quantitative characteristics are useful information that reflect mechanism of the population formation and its relevant influencing factors. Rhodiola fastigiata is national level 2 protective plant species that presently under approximately dangerous state and has been listed in CHINA SPECIES RED LIST. We investigated its population structure and quantitative characteristics in order to provide theoretical basis for the survival mechanism and conservation of the population.A total of 304 sample plots in 76 sample area was established on the south slope, north slope, viewing platform and top of the highway near National Station for Field Observation and Research of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, located in Sejila mountain, Linzhi, Tibet.R. fastigiata mainly distributes in six communities in the Sejila mountains: Abies georgei var. smithii forest (P1), Sabina saltuaria forest (P2), Rhododendron aganniphum shrub (P3), Salix pilosomicrophylla shrub (P4), R. lepidotum shrub (P5) and S. sclerophylla shrub (P6). The average density of R. fastigiata in the communities was ranked in the order of P3>P1>P2>P4>P6>P5 while the average basal diameter followed by the order of P6>P2>P5>P4>P1>P3. The order of P6>P2>P5>P1>P3>P4 was found for the average height, P6>P2>P1>P3>P5>P4 for the average scape number, P6>P5>P2>P1>P3>P4 for the average number of scape rings, P6>P1>P3>P2>P4>P5 for the average number of branches, and P5>P4>P3>P2>P1>P6 for the important values. The basal diameter, the height and the scape rings of R. fastigiata population have shown different deformity in different communities. With less numbers of larvae and larger number of the adult and the old, but there were obvious periodic phenomena in its seed propagation and vegetative propagation under natural condition, so it was also an increase type population. The R. fastigiata’s large breeding population cycle was 8-10 years through the scape ring analysis. The percentage of plant number with branches range within 5 to 8 was over 50% in R. fastigiata and the largest numbers of branches was up to 45, but these branches were relatively slender because of limited nutrition absorption from the roots. The number of scape distributed on lateral branches was 1~2, and accounting for 32.21%, the scape above 7 accounted for 25.82%, mainly on the main axis. On the whole, more scape was found in the main axis than in the lateral branches. The growth parameters of R. fastigiata increased with the increase of the basal diameter.