全 文 ：第 23 卷　第 4 期　　　　　　　　　　　　　植　　　物　　　研　　　究 2003年　10 月
Vol.23　No.4　　　　　　　　　　　BULLETIN OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Oct., 　2003
中国产光萼苔科四种植物的核型研究
杨晓杰1 沙　伟1 肖　静1　汪楣芝2
(1.齐齐哈尔大学 , 齐齐哈尔 161006)
(2.中国科学院植物所 ,北京　100093)
摘　要　报道了中国产光萼苔科四种植物配子体有丝分裂中期的染色体数目和核型 ,四种植物
的染色体数目均为 n=8。核型为:细光萼苔陕西变种(P .graci ll ima var.urogea)k(n)=8=
8m 或 k(n)=8=4v+4(v);毛缘光萼苔(P .vernicosa)k(n)=8=5m+3sm 或 k(n)=8=6v+
2J;密叶光萼苔(P.densi fol ia)k(n)=8=8m 或 k(n)=8=5v+3(v);多瓣苔(Macvicaria u-
lophyl la)k(n)=8=6m +2sm 或 k(n)=8=6v+1(v)+1J.
关键词　光萼苔科;核型
KARYOTYPE STUDIESOF FOUR SPECIES OF
PORELLACEAE FROM CHINA
YANG Xiao-Jie1 SHA Wei1 XIAO Jing1　WANG Mei-Zhi2
(1.Qiqihaer University , Qiqihaer　161006)
(2.Institute of Botany , Academia Sinica , Beijing　100093)
Abstract　Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of four species of Porellaceae from China are re-
po rted.Chromosome of mito tic metaphase of g row th tips of stems of gametophy tes w ere observed.
Three species of the genus Porella showed the same chromosome number of n=8 , identical to the
previous reports.Macv icaria ulophylla (n =8), different chromosome numbers from previous
counts are obtained.P.graci llima var.urogea has the karyotype of k(n)=8=8m or k(n)=8=
4v+4(v);P .vernicosa has the karyo type of k(n)=8=5m +3sm or k(n)=8=6v +2J;P.
densi folia has the karyo type of k(n)=8=8m or k(n)=8=5v+3(v);Macvicaria ulophylla has
the karyo type of k(n)=8=6m+2sm or k(n)=8=6v+1(v)+1J.
Key words　Porellaceae;karyotype
　　Karyoloigical studies have been undertaken on
the family Po rellaceae [ 1～ 3].However , chromosome
number and karyological data on this family f rom
China , are absent in standard reference[ 4] .We ob-
served the chromosome of 4 species of Porellaceae
from China.The results w ill be reported and dis-
cussed in this paper.
1　Materials and Methods
　　Table 1 show s the chromosome numbers , lo-
第一作者简介:杨晓杰(1962—),女 ,硕士 ,副教授 ,主要从事植物形态学研究。
收稿日期:2002-04-03
calities and vouchers of the 4 species of Porellaceae
used in this study .
Methods of cy tolog ical preparation and repre-
sentation of karyotypes are the same as those de-
scribed in previous reports[ 5] .Voucher speciments
used in this study are deposi ted in the Herbarium of
Qiqihaer University , University (Q.T .C)and the
Herbarium Insti tute of Botany , Academia Sinica
(PE).
The method of karyotype analy sis follow s In-
our六s standard[ 2] , and Li and Cheng 六s stan-
dard[ 6] .
Table 1　 Chromosome numbers for 4 species of Porellaceae
Species Localities Vouchers Chromosome numbers
Porella graci llima
var.urogea
Liang shui Heilongjiang
Provice
296033
Sha Wei
8
P.vernicosa Liang shui Heilongjiang
Provice
296032
Sha Wei
8
P.densi f lolia M t.Tianmu Zhejiang
Province
95126 Sha Wei
Wang Mei-zhi 8
Macvicar ia ulophyl la Mt.lama Inner Mogolia 96090 96033 Sha Wei
Yang Xiao-jie 8
2　Results and Discussion
2.1　Porel la graci llima Mit t.var.urogea (Mass)
Hatt.(PlateⅠ :3 , 7;Fig.1 ,A)
The metaphase chromosome of the gameto-
phy tes are counted to be n=8 , the largest is 3 μm
in leng th , the smallest is 1.15 μm.The total abso-
lute length of the chromosome complement is 13.9
μm.The relative leng th of the chromosome ranges
from 8.28 to 21.56;and the arm rat io ranges f rom
1.01 to 1.63.All of the 8 chromosomes comple-
ment are metacentric chromosomes , thus the kary-
otype is formulated as k(n)=8=8m o r k(n)=8=
4v+4(v).
This is the first report of chromosome number
for this species. In this genus , P .ceapi tans
(Steph.)Hatt., P.japonica(S.Lac)M itt.and P .
perrot tet iana
(Mott.)T rev.has been reported to have the same
chromosome number[ 1]
2.2　P.vernicosa Linbd.(Plate Ⅰ:1 , 5;Fig .2 ,
B)
The metaphase chromosomes of the gameto-
phy tes are counted to be n=8 , the largest is 5.31
μm in leng th , the smallest is 2.91μm.The total ab-
solute leng th of the chromosome complement is 30.
77 μm.The relative length of the chromosome
ranges f rom 9.46 to 17.25 , and the arm ratio
ranges from 1.01 to 2.12.
The chromosome complement is composed of 5
metacentric chromosomes and 3 submetacentric
chromosomes , thus the karyo type is fo rmulated as k
(n)=8=5m +3sm or k(n)=8=6v+2J.
The present number n=8 is the same as the
previous report by Segaw a.From Japan[ 7] .
2.3　P .densi flolia (Steph)Hatt.(Plate Ⅰ :2 ,6;
Fig.1 ,C)
　　The metaphase chromosomes of the gameto-
phy tes are counted to be n=8.The largest is 7.01
μm in leng th , the smallast is 3.0μm.The total ab-
solute leng th of the chromosome complement is 31.
12 μm.The relative leng th of the chromosome
ranges f rom 8.55 to 22.52 , and the arm ratio rangs
f rom 1.07 to 1.53.All of the 8 chromosome com-
plement are metacentric chromosomes , thus , the
karyotype is formulated as k(n)=8=8m or k(n)=
8=5v+3(v).This species show the same number
as that reported previously[ 7] .
416 　　　　　　植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　23卷
Table 2　The Parameters of Chromosomes of Four Species of Porellaceae
Species No. Chromosome
Length(μm)
Relative
length
Arm
rat io
Leng
Form(%) Type
Porella graci llima
var.urogea
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.29+1.71
0.85+1.20
0.90+0.96
0.89+0.90
0.58+0.92
0.52+0.77
0.48+0.78
0.48+0.67
21.58
14.75
13.38
12.88
10.79
9.28
9.06
8.28
1.33
1.41
1.07
1.01
1.59
1.48
1.63
1.40
43.00
41.46
48.39
49.72
38.67
40.31
38.10
41.73
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
v
v
v
v
(v)
(v)
(v)
(v)
P.vernicosa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.75+3.56
1.95+2.63
1.46+3.09
1.75+2.40
1.36+1.93
1.50+1.52
1.15+1.81
1.06+1.85
17.25
14.88
14.79
13.49
10.69
9.82
9.62
9.46
2.03
1.35
2.12
1.37
1.42
1.01
1.57
1.75
32.96
42.57
32.09
42.17
41.34
49.67
38.85
36.42
sm
m
sm
m
m
m
m
sm
J
v
J
v
v
v
v
v
P .densi fol ia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.23+3.78
1.68+2.31
1.92+2.06
1.63+2.20
1.49+2.28
1.36+1.71
1.36+1.45
1.11+1.55
22.52
12.82
12.79
12.31
12.11
9.87
9.03
8.55
1.17
1.37
1.07
1.35
1.53
1.25
1.07
1.39
46.05
42.13
48.20
42.58
39.56
44.36
48.35
41.74
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
v
v
v
v
v
(v)
(v)
(v)
Macvicar ia
ulophy lla
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.52+1.93
1.45+1.77
1.35+1.43
0.92+1.13
0.67+1.36
0.74+1.26
0.72+1.16
0.49+0.57
18.68
17.43
15.05
11.10
10.99
10.83
10.18.
5.74
1.27
1.21
1.05
1.23
2.02
1.82
1.61
1.14
43.98
45.12
48.67
44.84
33.11
36.86
38.38
46.55
m
m
m
m
sm
sm
m
m
v
v
v
v
J
v
v
(v)
2.4 　Macvicaria ulophyl la(Steph)Hatt.(Plate
Ⅰ:4 ,8;Fig.1 ,D)
　　The metaphase chromosomes of the gameto-
phy tes are counted to be n=8.The largest is 3.45
μm in leng th , the smallest is 1.06μm.The total
absolute leng th of the chromosome complement is
18.47 μm .The relative leng th of the chromosome
ranges f rom 5.74 to 18.68 , and the arm ratio
ranges f rom 1.05 to 2.02.The chromosome com-
plement is composed of 6 metacentric chromosomes
and 2 submetacentric chromosome , thus the kary-
otypes w as formulated as k(n)=8=6m+2sm or k
(n)=8=6v+1(v)+1J.
4174期　　　　　　　　　　　　　杨晓杰等:中国产光萼苔科四种植物的核型研究
A:Porella gracillima var.urogea;B:P.vernicosa;C:P.densifolia;D:Macvicaria ulophy lla
Fig.1　The idiog rams o f four Porellaceae species
3　Conclusion
Macvicaria ulophy lla is an endemic species to
East Asia.
The chromosome number of this species had
been reported as n =9 by Inoue et al befo re.In
this study , however , a dif ferent chromosome num-
ber(n =8)and karyotype are observed.The pre-
sent number n=8 is identical to the previous report
by Oosaki.The result show s:The genus of Macvi-
caria and Porella have the same chromosome num-
bers.It is important for us to do further research a-
mong these genus.
References
1.Inoue H.Chromosome number of some Japanese Hepaticae
(2).Bull Nat Sci Mus Ser Bot.1977 , 3(2):22 , 55 ～ 61
2.Inoue H.Karyological studies on some species of Entodon-
taceae(Musci)Journ.Hattori Bo t Lab.1983 , 54:299 ～
305
3.Inoue H , Watanabe , Mizutani.Karyological studies on
some Japanese Liverwo rts.Hikobia.1985 , 9(3):235 ～
241
4.Li , M X , Cheng R Y.A suggestion on the standardization
of karyotype analy sis in plants.Journ.Wuhan Bo t Res.
1985 , 3(4):297～ 302
5.Oosaki , M .Chromosome numbers of five Liverwo rt
species from Japan.Misc Bryol Licheh.1980 , 8(7):136
6.Segaw a , M.Karyolog ical studies in Liverw orts with spe-
cial reference to structural sex chromosome Ⅱ.Journal of
science of the Hiroshima University , series B , Div 2 ,
1965 , 10:81 ～ 148
7.Wu P CH.The data of the chromosome numbers relating
to Chinese Bryophytes.I nvestig ation et Studium Naturae
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1988.84 ～ 94
8.Yang X J , Sha W , W M Zhi.karyolog ical observations
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3 ～ 4:51 ～ 56
Explanation of plate
Plate Ⅰ :1 , 5.Porella vernicosa Lindb;2 , 6.P .densiglo-
lia (steph.)Hatt.3 , 7.P.gracillima Mitt.var.urogea
(Mass.)Hatt.4 , 8.Macvicaria ulophy lla (steph.)Hatt.
418 　　　　　　植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　23卷