Abstract:By means of the technique of molecular marker of ISSR, genetic diversity of wide cross population of Chinese fir was studied, and the data collected in PCR experiment was processed by the worldwide popular software (PopGENE). The main results was as follows: (1)the effective number of alleles per locus was 1.719 1; (2)the percentage of polymorphic loci was 88.20%; (3)the Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.399 7; (4)Shannon’s information index was 0.582 4; (5) the genetic distance among parents within breeding population was(0.069 0, 1.609 4), the average value was 0.669 8, its PCV was 69.19%. Based on the comparison with similar study of the world, it can be confirmed that there was higher genetic diversity of parents population of Chinese fir and Platycladu orientalis. It possesses better improvement potential, and its corresponding productive population also had much wider ecological adaptability.