Abstract:The methods of anatomy and histochemistry were used to research the anatomical structure and histochemical localization of flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides of the leaf of Prinsepia uniflora Batal. The results showed that the structure of the leaf of P.uniflora Batal was as follows: the upper epidermis cell with relative thick horny layer, the stomata existed in lower epidermis，the density of the stomata was 278 mm-2. The upper side included 2 to 3 layers of palisade tissue cells, with a lot of crystals; the main vein of leaves had well developed xylem, with a number of radial arranged vessels. The characteristics mentioned above showed that P.uniflora Batal adapted well to the environment. The histochemical localization showed that: the total flavonoids mainly accumulated in the palisade tissue and collenchyma, alkaloids were poor existed in the leaf, polysaccharides were generally distributed in mesophyll of P.uniflora Batal.