Abstract:Previous four taxonomic systems of the genus Schisandra Michaux (Schisandraceae) are evaluated respectively. A new system of classification based on the results of cladistic analysis to thirty-three morphological characters is proposed. In the system, two subgenera are recognized, viz. Schisandra subgenus Schisandra and Schisandra subgenus Sphaerostema (Blume) Y. H. Law, with subgenus Schisandra further subdivided into four sections, viz. section Pleiostema A. C. Smith, section Maximowiczia (Ruprecht) T. Nakai, section Sinoschisandra (Y. W. Law) Q. Lin & Z. R. Yang and section Schisandra. A key to subgenera, sections and species is included, and types, synonymies and representative species are given under each supraspecific rank.