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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2008年

关键词：土壤处理剂；杂草防效；透光率；养分；水分；

Keywords:soil-applied herbicides, weed control effect, light penetration rate, nutrition, water,

摘 要 ：为明确杂草防除对油菜田间管理的重要性,研究了精异丙甲草胺和乙草胺对杂草的防效、杂草防除后田间不同高度层的透光率变化以及杂草的氮、磷、钾和水分含量变化规律。结果表明,精异丙甲草胺对油菜田杂草看麦娘、菵草、牛繁缕均有较好的防效;乙草胺对禾本科杂草看麦娘、菵草有较好的防效,但对阔叶杂草牛繁缕的防效较差,仅为39.19%~67.37%。杂草主要在田间离地75cm以下竞争光照,有效防除杂草可显著降低其株高和密度,改善田间不同高度层的透光率。此外,杂草的防效与杂草对田间的养分和水分吸收呈负相关。随着防效的提高,油菜第一分枝高度提高、分枝数和角果数增加,油菜产量显著提高。

Abstract:The weed control effects of S-metolachlor and acetochlor and subsequent variety of the light penetration rate at different heights of fields, as well as the variety discipline of the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium and water were studied to evaluate the importance of weed control for farming management in rape fields. The results showed that S-metolachlor had good control effects on Alopecurus aequalis Sobol, Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald and Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries. Acetochlor also had good control effects on A.aequalis Sobol and B.syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald, while it had only a few effects on M.aquaticum (L.) Fries with the effects from 39.19% to 67.37%. The light competition between rape and weed was happened below 75 centimeters penetration rate at different height of field. There was a negative correlation in rape fields. The controlling significantly decreased the height and density of weed, and improved the light between the weed control effects and the absorption of nutrition and water. With the increase of weed control effects, the height of first branch, numbers of branches and siliquas were markedly improved, resulting in a significant yield increase of rapeseed.

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