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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2011年

关键词：半夏；

Keywords:Eupatorium adenophorum, eggplant, competition, economic threshold,

摘 要 ：半夏Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit 为天南星科多年生草本半夏属植物,其性温、味辛,具有镇咳祛痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结、抗心律失常、降血脂等功效,是一种临床应用较为广泛的药用植物.据统计,在558种中药材中,半夏的使用频次居22位,国内每年使用量达5 000吨.然而,以软腐病为首的病害严重影响半夏的产量.目前,使用百菌清、多菌灵等化学农药是防治半夏病害的有效方法,但化学农药的毒性以及病原菌的抗药性等使得半夏病害的防治受到一定的制约.从半夏中分离高效、稳定的内生拮抗菌株已成为半夏病害防治研究的热点.本试验从半夏中分离获得了1株对病原菌拮抗活性较强的菌株L3R3-1,并探讨了该菌对半夏病原菌的拮抗特性及其分类地位.

Abstract:A field experiment was carried out to study the direct damage of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng on eggplant yield and its economic infestation levels. Additive series experiment and curve fits were adopted to study the change of eggplant height and yield characteristics under different densities of E.adenophorum and the competitive mechanisms of light, nutrients and water between eggplant and the weed. The results showed that the eggplant height, fruit number and its yield were not affected when the densities of E.adenophorum ranged from 1 to 2 plants per m², whereas, the eggplant height, fruit number and its yield decreased significantly when the density of the weed was more than 5 plants per m². The main cause of the eggplant yield loss may be due to the plant height of E.adenophorum, the interference to the rate of light penetration and the accumulation of water and nutrition in E.adenophorum. The hyperbola model (1/y=-0.0108+0.2083/x) could well fit the relation between the eggplant yield loss (y) and the weed density (x). The economic infestation level for E.adenophorum in eggplant field was between the range of 0.192% and 1.282%. The economic threshold was 0.03-0.26 plants per m².

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