Abstract:Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a pathogen of rice stripe disease, one of the most serious viral diseases of rice. RSV is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus. Its genome comprises of four negative single-strand RNAs (ssRNA). Based on sequence analysis and experiment evidences, it is conferred that RSV genome encodes seven proteins with ambisence strategy. This paper reviews the latest progresses of RSV research, especially focusing on its virion, viral genome, and viral proteins, and proposes some problems that encountered during studies of RSV.