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作 者 ：王帘里 孙波

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 3期 页码：583-591

关键词：土壤；

Keywords:N mineralization, temperature, first-order rate equation, phaeozem, cambisol, acrisol,

摘 要 ：采用短期（15d）室内好气培养的方法，研究了我国东部三类主要的旱地土壤（黑土、潮土和红壤）中有机氮矿化对温度（15～30oC）的响应及其影响因素。结果表明，土壤累积净矿化N量的顺序为：黑土>潮土>红壤，其中高有机质的土壤大于低有机质的土壤。黑土中土壤累积净矿化氮量随温度升高而增加，但潮土和红壤在25oC以上表现出持平和下降趋势。土壤矿质氮含量的变化与培养积温（培养温度×培养时间）的平方根表现出线性正相关关系，总体上高有机质含量土壤氮矿化对温度的敏感性强。基于一级动力学方程的模拟，除黑土的土壤潜在矿化氮库（N0）随温度增加而提高外，其余土壤的N0以及所有土壤的氮矿化速率常数（k0）随温度表现出抛物线型的变化；总体上，土壤氮矿化的适宜温度为20～25oC。在15～20oC内，k0随温度升高而增加，其温度敏感性顺序是：红壤>黑土>潮土；在20～30oC内，k0随温度升高而下降，其温度敏感性顺序为：黑土>红壤>潮土。土壤有机质和全氮显著影响了累积矿化氮含量，而土壤C/N比显著影响了氮矿化速率常数。

Abstract:Variation between soils in the response to temperature of nitrogen (N) mineralization was investigated in laboratory incubations. Three types of soils with different soil organic matter contents including black soil (Phaeozem), chao soil (Cambisol) and red soil (Acrisol) were sampled from farmlands of different regional climates of east China. The soils were incubated at 15, 20, 25 and 30oC and constant moisture conditions and the accumulation of soil extractable NO3-N and NH4-N was followed for 15 days. First-order rate equation was fitted to data to estimate net mineralization rate constants (k0) and the size of the mineralizable part of native soil N (N0). The accumulated N mineralization increased by the sequence of Red soilBlack soil>Chao soil for 15–20oC and a sequence of Black soil> Red soil>Chao soil for 20–30oC. Soil net N mineralization was significantly affected by soil organic matter and total N, and rate constant (k0) by soil C/N ratio.

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