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作 者 ：樊晓刚, 金轲, 李兆君, 荣向农

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 3期 页码：744-751

关键词：土壤；微生物多样性；施肥；耕作；

Keywords:soil, microbial diversity, fertilization, tillage,

摘 要 ：本文主要介绍了运用Biolog GN、 磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）、核酸分析法进行土壤微生物群落分析的优缺点， 综述了施肥、耕作两种农业措施对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究进展。指出不同施肥处理对微生物影响效果不同，合理施用有机肥有利于维持土壤微生物的多样性及活性； 由于受其他环境因素（如土壤类型、农作制度、残茬量等）的影响，不同耕作措施对土壤微生物多样性影响有差异，但是大多试验结果显示免耕、少耕能增加微生物多样性和生物量，保持系统的稳定性。文章还指出了目前研究中存在的问题，并对今后的研究方向做了展望。

Abstract:In this paper, three main methods for studying soil microbial diversity ［biolog analysis, phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and nucleic acid-based analysis］ are briefly introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. Fertilization-associated alteration in soil properties would have long-lasting effects on soil microbial community and the effects would depend on fertilization rates and fertilizer types. The response of soil microbial diversity and overall biological activities to tillage can be variable and will depend on other factors such as the cropping and abundance of residues. Under most experiment conditions, conservation tillage practices (i.e. no till with mulch) can potential increase soil microbial diversity and biomass compared to conventional tillage. Based on recent related research, perspectives for studying microbial diversity in soils are also presented.

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