---

作 者 ：陈裴裴 吴家森 郑小龙 姜培坤 吴建军

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 5期 页码：1303-1310

关键词：溶解性有机碳；溶解性有机氮；降雨；流失负荷；渗漏水；

Keywords:dissolved organic carbon（DOC）, dissolved organic nitrogen（DON）, rainfall, loss load, seepage water,

摘 要 ：【目的】雷竹(Phyllostachys praecox f. preveynalis)是一种在我国亚热带地区被广泛引种栽培的优良笋用竹。为了提高竹笋产量，农民不合理地大量施用化肥，已造成土壤盐化、酸化，地力破坏，导致土壤磷钾大量残留，特别是氮磷的大量流失已造成了周边水体严重污染。虽然土壤DOC和DON在土壤全碳、全氮含量中所占的比例很小，但却是土壤有机质中最重要和最活跃的部分。因此本研究的目的旨在通过全年动态监测雷竹林渗漏水中溶解性有机碳(DOC)和溶解性有机氮(DON)浓度的变化，探明减量施用化肥和有机肥对减少雷竹林氮渗漏淋失负荷的作用，以便为解决雷竹生产上的面源污染问题提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置了5个处理为对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、减量有机肥(DO)、减量无机肥(DI)和减量有机无机肥(DOI)，3次重复，随机区组设计，小区面积为100 m²。试验于5月18日、 9月7日、11月9日分别施用肥料总量的40%、30%和30%，施肥后均进行浅翻，深度5 cm左右。【结果】 不同施肥雷竹林中DOC及DON平均浓度为33.7~45.5 mg/L和6.6~12.6 mg/L，DOC和DON的渗漏流失负荷为84.5~138.2 kg/hm²和17.2~46.3 kg/hm²。DOC渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为常规施肥(138.2 kg/hm²)>减量有机肥(133.7 kg/hm²)>减量无机肥(120.9 kg/hm²)>不施肥(99.8 kg/hm²)>减量有机无机肥(84.5 kg/hm²)，而DON渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为减量有机肥(46.3 kg/hm²)>常规施肥(35.3 kg/hm²）>减量有机无机肥(34.8 kg/hm²)>减量无机肥(31.1 kg/hm²)>不施肥(17.2 kg/hm²)。渗漏水中DOC(mg/L)与DON(mg/L)之间不存在显著相关性。【结论】大幅减少化肥和有机肥用量，并推广有机肥和无机肥配施，不仅维持了雷竹竹笋的较高产量，还能减少土壤养分损失，具有经济和环境双重效益，是雷竹合理施肥的发展方向。

Abstract:Changes in dissolved organic carbon（DOC）and dissolved organic nitrogen（DON）concentrations in the seepage water from the soil under Phyllostachy praecox stand in the whole year were monitored to ascertain effects of reducing chemical and organic fertilizer rates on the reduced effects of the seepage loss of DOC and DON. The results showed that the average concentrations of DOC and DON in the seepage water for the different fertilization treatments were 33.7 mg/L ~45.5 mg/L and 4.3 mg/L ~13.8 mg/L, respectively, whereas the average seepage loss loads of DOC and DON for the different fertilization treatments were 84.5 kg/ha~138.2 kg/ha and 17.2 kg/ha~46.3 kg/ha, respectively. The seepage loss loads of DOC from the soil with different fertilization treatments decreased as follows: conventional fertilizer(CF) (138.2 kg/ha)> decreased organic fertilizer(DO) (133.7 kg/ha)> decreased inorganic fertilizer(DI) (120.9 kg/ha)> no fertilizer （CK）(99.8 kg/ha)> decreased organic inorganic fertilizer(DOI) (84.5 kg/ha), whereas the seepage loss loads of DON from the soil with different fertilization treatments decreased as follows: DO (46.3 kg/ha)> CF (35.3 kg/ha）> DOI (34.8 kg/ha)>DI (31.1 kg/ha)>CK (17.2 kg/ha). No significant relationship was found between DOC concentrations and DON concentrations in the seepage water. Under condition of that without reducing the bamboo yield, this experiment were set up with reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate of 40%. Compared with CF, DI and DOI could improve nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency by 23.3%, 43.7%, respectively.

---