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作 者 ：朱菜红, 董彩霞, 沈其荣, 徐阳春

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 2期 页码：282-288

关键词：水稻；微生物量氮；微生物量lt；supgt；15lt；/supgt；化肥氮利用率；

Keywords:rice, microbial biomass N, use efficiency of inorganic , fertilizer-N,

摘 要 ：采用¹⁵N示踪技术和盆栽试验研究了水稻生长期间不同施肥处理土壤微生物量氮的动态变化，探讨了配施有机肥提高化肥氮利用率的微生物作用机制。结果表明，在水稻生育前期，化肥配施鸡粪堆肥、猪粪堆肥和酒糟堆肥较化肥单施均提高了土壤微生物对化肥¹⁵N的固持率，降低了土壤矿质态¹⁵N含量。而随水稻生育进程推进，在先前被微生物固持的化肥¹⁵N化肥配施鸡粪堆肥、猪粪堆肥和酒糟堆肥处理分别有87%、81%和81%被释放，增加了同期水稻对化肥¹⁵N的吸收量。化肥配施鸡粪堆肥、猪粪堆肥和酒糟堆肥，化肥¹⁵N利用率均超过60%，而单施化肥利用率仅39%。可见，配施有机肥提高化肥氮利用率，其机制之一是通过促进土壤微生物对化肥氮的有效调控，使化肥氮更好地被转化利用。

Abstract:Based on ¹⁵N isotope tracer and a pot experiment, the dynamics of soil microbial biomass N during different rice growing stages under different fertilizer treatments was investigated, and the microbial mechanism on the enhancement of inorganic fertilizer-N use efficiency was discussed. Treatments included (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ (F) and (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ plus either chicken manure (FC), pig manure (FP), or vinasse (FV). The results showed that in the early growth stage of rice, the combined use of (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ and chicken manure, pig manure, or vinasse increased the microbial immobilization rate of the applied (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄-¹⁵N and reduced soil mineral¹⁵N content. However, releasing rates of immobilized¹⁵N during high N demand period of rice were 87%、81%,and 81%, corresponding to treatment FC, FP, and FV, respectively. Values of use efficiency of the applied (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄-N under FC, FP, and FV management were all over 60% except (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ alone treatment which was only 39%. Thus, combined applying mineral and organic N fertilizer is a promising practice to enhance N use efficiency in agricultural systems due to the reduction in N loss and synchronizing N assimilation with crop requirement.

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