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作 者 ：向达兵, 郭凯, 杨文钰, 雷婷, 张静, 罗庆明

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 3期 页码：668-674

关键词：磷；钾营养；套作大豆；钾素积累；利用效率；

Keywords:phosphorus and potassium nutrition, relay-cropping soybean, potassium accumulation, utilization efficiency,

摘 要 ：以贡选1号为材料，研究了磷、钾营养对套作大豆钾素积累及利用效率的影响。结果表明，套作大豆全生育期钾素积累动态符合“S”型增长曲线。完熟期钾素积累总量以及根、茎、叶片、荚果各器官钾素含量均随施钾量增加而增加，随施磷量增加呈先增加后减少的趋势； 各处理均以P₂K₃（P_2O5　17.0 kg/hm², K_2O 112.5 kg/hm²）最高，较不施磷、钾（P₀K₀）高18.79%～58.33%。全生育期钾积累速率呈单峰曲线变化，随施钾量增加而增加，随施磷量增加先升高后降低，出苗后90 d左右达到最大值。钾素生产效率、吸收利用率、农学利用率随施磷、施钾量增加与钾积累速率表现一致，但收获指数随施磷量增加先降低后升高。合理施用磷、钾肥能提高套作大豆钾素利用效率，以P₂K₁（P_2O5 17.0 kg/hm², K_2O 37.5 kg/hm²）处理最好。

Abstract:In the relay-cropping system of “wheat/maize/soybean”, the soybean cultivar, Gongxuan 1, was used to study the effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency of soybean under the relay-cropping system. The results show that the potassium accumulation of the soybean during the whole growth period can be described as an “S” growth curve. Total K accumulation amount and K contents in roots, stems, leaves and legumes are all increased with the increase of K application amount, while the K accumulation amount and the K contents are increased at first and then decreased with the increase of P application amount, and the K accumulation amount and the K contents are all highest under the P₂K₃ (P_2O5 17.0 kg/ha, K_2O 112.5 kg/ha) treatment, which are 18.79%-58.33% higher than those of the P₀K₀ (without phosphorus and potassium application) treatment. The change of K accumulation rate in the whole period shows a single peak curve, and reaches to its largest value at about 90 days after the emergence. The changes of K production efficiency, uptake and utilization efficiency and K agronomy efficiency are similar to that of the K accumulation rate, while the change of the harvest index is decreased at first and then increased with the increase of the phosphorus application. The appropriate phosphorus and potassium application could improve the K utilization efficiency, the optimal treatment is the P₂K₁ (P_2O5 17.0 kg/ha, K_2O 37.5 kg/ha).

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