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作 者 ：李继明 黄庆海 袁天佑 曹金华 余喜初

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 3期 页码：563-570

关键词：绿肥；长期定位试验；红壤性水稻土；土壤肥力；水稻产量；

Keywords:green manure, long-term experiment, paddy soil derived from red soil, soil fertility, rice yield,

摘 要 ：通过对26年长期定位试验结果的统计分析，结果表明：绿肥与化肥长期配合施用有利于水稻稳产增产，减少化肥的使用量，提高化肥NPK养分的农学利用效率达60%以上。26年水稻平均产量以OM3处理(紫云英+猪粪)最高，比CK增产64.47%，比NPK处理增产6.86%；其化肥养分农学效率为16.33kg/kg，比NPK处理化肥养分农学效率高118.9%。绿肥与化肥长期配合施用土壤有机质、全氮和全磷均有所积累，积累的量与肥料施用量及有机肥种类相关，以紫云英+猪粪处理最优。土壤钾素均表现亏缺，土壤全钾和速效钾均低于试验前，亏缺幅度最小的是紫云英+稻草处理，其土壤全钾和速效钾分别比对照高4.28%和13.94%。通过对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾与水稻产量关性分析，相关系数最高的为土壤全钾(r=0.808**)，说明缺钾已成为限制红壤稻田高产的主要肥力因子。

Abstract:A long-term field experiment on rice yield and soil fertility under different fertilization systems were carried out to study the effects of manure application on rice yield and soil nutrients in paddy soils. In this paper, the 26-year experimental results were analyzed. The results show that the long-term applications of green manure combined with chemical fertilizers are in favor of stable and high yields of rice, reduce amounts of fertilizer applications, and raise agronomic efficiencies (beyond 60%) of chemical fertilizer NPK nutrients. The average rice yield of the OM3 treatment is the highest in 26 years, which is about 64.47% and 6.86% higher than those of the treatments of CK and chemical fertilizer NPK application. The agronomic efficiency of the manure application is 16.33kg.kg-1, which is 118.9% higher than that of the treatment of applying chemical fertilizer NPK. The contents of soil organic matter, total N and total P are increased under the green-chemical fertilizer applications, the accumulated amounts are related with the fertilizer application and manure types, and the OM3 treatment is the optimal treatment. The amounts of soil potassium are all in deficiency, the total and available potassium contents are lower than those at the beginning of the experiment, and the OM4 treatment is the optimal treatment, in which the total and available K are 4.28% and 13.94% higher than those of the CK treatment. By analyzing the correlation between rice yield and organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils, the highest correlation coefficient(r=0.808**) is the soil total K, therefore the K deficiency is the main fertility factor for high yield of rice in paddy soils derived from red soils.

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