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作 者 ：王宜伦, 李潮海, 何萍, 金继运, 韩燕来, 张许, 谭金芳

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 3期 页码：559-566

关键词：超高产；夏玉米；养分限制因子；养分积累；养分回收率；

Keywords:super-high-yield, summer maize, nutrient restrictive factor； yield,

摘 要 ：2007年和2008年通过大田试验研究了超高产夏玉米养分限制因子和植株养分吸收积累规律。结果表明： 用ASI法推荐的氮、磷、钾平衡施肥产量最高，分别达到12051.2 kg/hm²和13246.3 kg/hm²，施用氮肥平均增产8.92%，钾肥平均增产7.14%，增产效果显著，氮和钾为超高产夏玉米养分主要限制因子。超高产夏玉米植株体内氮、磷、钾的积累量均随生育期的延长而增加，到成熟期达到最大值，养分积累量的大小顺序为氮＞钾＞磷，每生产100 kg 经济产量吸收养分比例N∶P_2O5∶K_2O为2.40∶1∶2.73。拔节期至吐丝期是养分吸收的关键时期，养分吸收速率大，积累量高，吐丝后植株仍能吸收较多的氮、磷。从出苗到吐丝期，叶片是氮、磷的分配中心，生育后期茎叶中氮、磷的转运率较高，而钾转移比例较小。超高产夏玉米整个生育期能持续吸收养分，吐丝后适当追肥保证灌浆期养分充足供应对夏玉米超高产至关重要。

Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to study soil nutrient restrictive factors and plant nutrient uptake and accumulation of super-high-yield summer maize in 2007 and 2008. The results show that the maize yields are highest under the OPT treatment (By ASI), 12051.2 kg/ha and 13246.3 kg/ha in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The nitrogen and potassium fertilization could evidently increase the yields by 8.92% and 7.14%, which indicates N and K are main nutrient restrictive factors. The accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of super-high-yield summer maize plants are increased with the extension of the bearing period, and the nutrient accumulation amounts are maximum at the maturity stage. The order of nutrient accumulations is K_2O＞N＞P_2O5, and the absorbed nutrient ratio with 100 kilogram maize of N, P_2O5 and K_2O are 2.40∶1∶2.73. The key period of nutrient absorption is from the jointing stage to silking stage, and the absorbed nutrient rates are the highest. After the silking stage, maize plant absorbs more nitrogen and phosphorus. Leaf is distribution center of nitrogen and phosphorus from the seeding stage to silking stage, and the transfer efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus are higher in stems and leaves at the late stages, while the transfer proportion of potassium is small. Nutrients are absorbed continuously at the whole growth period of super-high-yield summer maize, it is essential to super-high-yield topdressing after the silking stage that ensure adequate nutrients at the grain filling stage.

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