作 者 ：王盛锋 刘云霞 高丽丽 韩亚 黄金生 Hilman 刘荣乐 汪洪
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 4期 页码：1005-1011
关键词：玉米；
Keywords:maize, biomass, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,
摘 要 ：【目的】傅里叶变换红外光谱（fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR）是一种基于化合物中官能团和极性键振动的结构分析技术。本文利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪检测缺锌和正常供锌玉米植株不同器官的组分变化，同时比较两个玉米品种植株不同部位的生物量和锌含量，以期为缺锌影响玉米生长与生理代谢的机理研究提供参考。【方法】选取农大108和郑单958两个玉米品种，利用营养液培养方式，设置缺锌和正常处理。1）当玉米出现缺锌症状后，将地上部和根系分开，测量株高和根长，烘干至恒重测干重。2）烘干至恒重的植株样品用HNO3-HClO4（3∶1）消煮，原子吸收分光光度计（型号WFX-120C，北京瑞利分析仪器公司）测定消煮液中锌浓度，计算植株中锌含量和锌积累量。3）收获玉米根系放入FAA固定液（70%酒精∶38%甲醛∶乙酸体积=90∶5∶5）中，利用扫描仪（EsponV700）扫描根系样品获取数字化图像，利用WinRHIZO根系分析软件（Regent Instruments Inc., Canada）对图像进行分析，获得根长、 根面积、 根体积等指标。4）取玉米根、 茎、 叶部分烘干样品，磨碎过0.2 mm筛，采用溴化钾压片法，利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪（VERTEX 70，Bruker）检测不同部位的光谱特性，OPUS 6.5软件采集数据并进行基线校正。【结果】缺锌胁迫下， 植株地上部锌含量明显下降，低于临界水平（20 μg/g），生物量降低； 缺锌根系面积与体积变小，总根长变小。用缺锌与施锌植株生物量比来表征玉米对缺锌敏感性，品种农大108较郑单958对缺锌更为敏感。缺锌玉米根系和叶片FTIR谱在波数3410、 2920、 1650、 1380、 1055 cm-1附近处透过率较高，茎FTIR谱在这些波数处透过率较低，表明缺锌导致根系和叶片中碳水化合物、 脂类、 蛋白质及核酸含量下降，而在茎中有所积累。农大108植株中各组分变化受缺锌影响较大。【结论】缺锌导致玉米植株生长受抑，利用FTIR技术研究发现缺锌植株中碳水化合物、 脂类、 蛋白质及核酸组分发生变化，农大108植株中各组分变化受缺锌影响较大，品种农大108可能较郑单958对缺锌更为敏感。
Abstract:【Objectives】Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a structural analysis technique based on the vibrations of functional group and polar bond in chemical components. The objective of this study was to reveal the component changes in different organs of maize plants with and without zinc(Zn) application using FTIR. It would provide some physiological evidences of maize plants subjected to Zn deficiency stress.【Methods】Two maize cultivars, Nongda108 and Zhengdan958, were chosen as tested crops. Hydroponic culture experiments were conducted with 0 and 10 μmol/L Zn treatments. The plant shoot and root biomass were weighted. Dry plant samples were digested with HNO3-HClO4 (3∶1) for Zn determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Root samples were stored in FAA solution (70% alcohol∶38% formaldehyde∶acetic acid = 90 ∶5∶5 parts by volume) prior to measurements. The root systems were then digitized with the EsponV700 scanner at 300 dpi resolution for further analysis. The total root length and root volume were measured with WinRHIZO root analysis software (Regent Instruments Inc., Canada). Dry samples of roots, stems and leaves were ground to through 0.2 mm sieve. A potassium bromide tablet method was used to detect spectral characteristics of different plant parts with FTIR (VERTEX 70, Bruker) and data were collected and analyzed by the OPUS 6.5 software. 【Results】The results show that Zn concentrations in maize plants without Zn application are below the critical level of 20 μg/g, and the Zn deficiency stress significantly decreases shoot dry matter weight, root surface, root volume and total root length. The shoot biomass and root length of maize cultivar, Nongda108, are less than those of Zhengdan95 under the Zn deficiency, which indicates Nongda108 might be more sensitive to Zn deficiency. Compared with the 1.0 μmol/L Zn treatment, plants with Zn deficiency show higher transmittance at peaks of 3410, 2920, 1650, 1380 and 1055 cm-1 in FTIR spectra of roots and leaves and lower transmittance in stems, which indicates the sugar, lipid and protein contents in roots and leaves are decreased, and the contents in stems are increased under the Zn deficiency stress. 【Conclusions】Zn deficiency has a great negative influence on plant growth and results in changes of organic components contents, including starch, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids in different parts of plants based on FTIR determinations. Nongda108 might be more sensitive to Zn deficiency compared with Zhengdan958.
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