作 者 ：周春火 潘晓华 吴建富 石庆华
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 2期 页码：304-311
Keywords:cropping pattern, rice field, yield, soil fertility,
摘 要 ：连续2年研究了不同复种方式对双季水稻产量和稻田土壤肥力的影响。结果表明， 紫云英+双季稻处理（ZDD）的水稻产量明显高于油菜+双季稻（YDD）和冬闲+双季稻处理（XDD）。其中，2010年早稻产量处理间差异不大，晚稻ZDD处理比YDD高3.5%，比XDD高4.1%； 2011年ZDD处理早稻产量极显著高于YDD处理，幅度为6.4%，晚稻极显著高于XDD，幅度为4.6%； 有效穗的不同是导致处理间产量差异的主要原因。水稻根系总干重呈ZDD>YDD>XDD，差异显著或极显著，且10 cm以下土层分布的水稻根系ZDD和YDD处理明显高于XDD。复种2年后，与XDD相比，ZDD和YDD处理的土壤有机质、 全氮含量、 微生物总量和酶活性增加，其中ZDD处理的土壤有机质含量分别比YDD、 XDD高0.58%、 0.95%，差异显著； 与试验前相比，土壤全氮含量三种复种方式均有提高，ZDD、 YDD和XDD处理的提高幅度分别为6.52%、 2.17%和0.72%，且ZDD和XDD间差异达显著水平； 土壤微生物总量呈ZDD>YDD>XDD，处理间差异极显著。冬种紫云英并替代部分化肥施用明显提高水稻产量，冬种紫云英和油菜有利于土壤肥力改善。
Abstract:Field experiments were conducted in double cropping rice field during 2009-2011 to study the effects of different cropping patterns on rice yield and soil fertility. The results show that the yield of the cropping pattern of the milk vetch + double cropping (ZDD) rice is the highest, the yield of the rape + double cropping rice (YDD) is in the middle, and that of the fallow + double cropping rice (XDD) is the lowest. There is not any obvious difference in early rice under different treatments in 2010, but the yield of ZDD in late rice is 3.5 percent and 4.1 percent higher than those of YDD and XDD, respectively. In 2011, the yield of early rice is 6.4 percent and 4.6 percent higher than those of YDD and XDD. The yield differences are mainly caused by the number of effective panicles and grains per spike. The total dry weight of rice roots is in the order of ZDD>YDD>XDD, and most of the roots is distributed within 10cm soil layer. Two years after the extension of double cropping, compared with XDD, soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, the quantity of microbe and enzyme activity are increased under the treatments of ZDD and YDD. The milk vetch plough substitution of chemical fertilizers is of significant importance of improving rice yield and maintaining soil fertility. The amount of soil organic matter of ZDD treatment is significantly improved, which is 0.58 percent and 0.95 percent higher than those of YDD and XDD respectively. All the three treatments enhance total nitrogen content, ZDD by 6.52 percent, YDD by 2.17 percent, and XDD by 0.72 percent, and among which the difference between ZDD and XDD is most significant. In terms of microbe quantity, extremely obvious differences are noticed, which is ZDD>YDD>XDD.XDD is most significant. In terms of microbe quantity, extremely obvious differences are noticed, which is ZDD>YDD>XDD. With the same amount of the fertilization, milk vetch can increase the output of rice, and planting milk vetch and rape in winter improves soil fertility.
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