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作 者 ：尹承苗 陈学森 沈向 张兆波 孙海兵 毛志泉

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 6期 页码：1450-1458

关键词：有机物料发酵液；苹果幼树；连作障碍；土壤环境；

Keywords:fermented organic fluid,  , young apple tree, replant disease, soil property,

摘 要 ： 在老果园的更新中，连作障碍是制约果树持续发展的重要因素，施用获得国家专利的不同有机物料发酵液可有效缓解连作果树再植病。本试验以富士/八棱海棠二年生嫁接苗为试材，设计了六个不同有机物料发酵液灌溉浓度：(CK)、 1%(T1)、 3%(T2)、 5%(T3)、 7%(T4)、 9%(T5)，利用盆栽方法，在春、 夏、 秋季三个季节研究了重茬土上利用该技术制备的有机物料发酵液对连作土壤条件下苹果幼树生物量及土壤环境的影响。结果表明, 1）春、 夏、 秋三个季节，浇灌不同浓度的有机物料发酵液均不同程度地提高连作土的有机质、 铵态氮、 硝态氮、 速效磷、 速效钾含量，以添加 9% 的发酵液（T5）的土壤养分含量最高。2）浇灌有机物料发酵液对苹果幼树生长发育的作用表现为“低促高抑”的效应，浇灌浓度小于5%（T3），可促进苹果幼树的生长，且以浇灌浓度为3%（T2）增长最显著。浇灌浓度在7%（T4）和 9%（T5）时，对苹果幼树的生长有抑制作用。3）浇灌不同浓度的有机物料发酵液均可提高连作土壤酶的活性，且以T2处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性、 土壤脲酶、 蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶的活性最高。4）浇灌有机物料发酵液可增加土壤微生物的数量，以细菌数量增长最显著，放线菌次之，真菌最小。

Abstract: In the replant of apple orchard,  some diseases often break out in young apple trees. Applying organic ferment fluid with proper ratio of certain organic materials(Patent No. ZL 2009 1 001 5530.2) was proved effective to alleviate these diseases. Using pot experiment and the Fuji apple seedlings grafted on Malus robusta biennial as the test materials,  six concentrations of the fermented organic fluid were designed to irrigate the seedlings:   CK(distilled water),  1%(T1),  3%(T2),  5%(T3),  7%(T4) and 9%(T5). Each treatment had three replicates and each pot had three irrigations. The effect of different adding levels on the young apple tree biomass and soil properties in continuous apple cropping soil were studied. The results show that:   1) In spring,  summer and autumn,  all the five irrigation concentrations of fermented organic fluid could improve the soil organic matter,  ammonium nitrogen,  nitrate nitrogen,  available phosphorus and potassium contents of the pot soils to some extent,  and the maximum increase was with T5.  2) The fermented organic fluid has the effect of “promotion in low and inhibition in high concentration”. When irrigating levels were lower than 3%(T3),  there is positive effect but negative when the adding levels higher than 5%. The irrigating level of 3%(T2) gave the highest biomass and the most satisfactory disease alleviating effect. 3) Irrigating young apple trees with the five fermented organic fluid concentrations could increase the activities of soil urease,  catalase,  invertase and neutral phosphatase. The 3% treatment(T2) gave the highest activities. 4) Applying the fermented organic fluid could enhance the microorganisms quantity significantly. The increase was in order of bacteria higher than fungi and higher than actinobacteria.

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