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作 者 ：马宗斌 严根土 刘桂珍 黄群 李伶俐 朱伟

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 5期 页码：1092-1101

关键词：氮肥分施比例；棉花；叶片生理特性；干物质积累；产量；

Keywords:nitrogen split application ratio, transgenic cotton, main physiological characteristics of leaves, dry matter accumulation, yield,

摘 要 ：黄河滩地肥力较低，土质偏沙。为探讨黄河滩地棉花适宜的施氮方式，以转双价（Bt Cry1A+CpTI）基因抗虫杂交棉新品种中棉所72为试验材料，研究了4个氮肥不同分施比例［基肥∶花铃肥∶盖顶肥分别为0∶0.4∶0.6（T1），0.2∶0.4∶0.4（T2），0.4∶0.4∶0.2（T3），0.6∶0.4∶0（T4）］对棉花叶片生理特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明，随着氮肥的前移，在叶片展开期，其氮代谢产物（游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白和全氮）的含量呈增加趋势；在叶片功能期，氮代谢产物含量呈先上升再下降的趋势，氮肥分施比例为0.4∶0.4∶0.2的处理其含量最高；至衰老期和脱落期，氮代谢产物随着氮肥的前移呈下降趋势。在不同生育阶段，其叶片叶绿素含量以及谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与氮代谢产物含量的趋势相同，而叶片丙二酫（MDA）含量则表现相反。氮肥分施比例为0.4∶0.4∶0.2（T3）时，棉花生育中后期干物质积累量较大，且分配到生殖器官的比例较高；氮肥前移或后移则表现出相反的趋势。在本试验条件下，氮肥分施比例为0.4∶0.4∶0.2（T3）的处理子棉产量最高，分别比T1、T2和T4处理增加11.24%、4.15%和5.47%，且差异达显著水平。因此建议在黄河滩区肥力中等偏下、土质偏沙的地块，棉花施用基肥、花铃肥和盖顶肥的比例为0.4∶0.4∶0.2。

Abstract:Soils in the Yellow River bottomland of Zhengzhou city’s section are sandy and poor in fertility. To investigate the effects of nitrogen（N）split application ratios on main physiological characteristics of leaves，dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton cultivated in the Yellow River bottomland, we conducted a field experiment using transgenic Bt Cry1A+CpTI hybrid cotton cultivar, CCRI (China Cotton Research Institute) 72, in 2010. The contents of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available phosphorous and available potassium in 0-20 cm layer are 6.06 g/kg, 0.44 g/kg, 70.80 mg/kg, 9.27 mg/kg and 115.26 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of soil particles (< 0.002 mm, 0.002-0.02 mm and 0.02-2.00 mm) in 0—20 cm soil layer are 12.3%, 28.0%, and 59.7%, respectively. The N split application ratios before the sowing, at the flowering stage and peaking bolls setting stage were 0∶0.4∶0.6 (T1)，0.2∶0.4∶0.4 (T2)，0.4∶0.4∶0.2 (T3) and 0.6∶0.4∶0(T4), respectively. The amount of N fertilizer was 300 kg/ha of pure N. The experiment was carried out with a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results show that the contents of N metabolism products (free amino acids, soluble protein and total N) in growing leaves of transgenic cotton tend to be increased with the advanced N fertilization, the N metabolism products tend to be increased firstly then decreased in functional leaves, and the contents of the N metabolism products are highest in leaves under the N split application ratio of 0.4∶0.4∶0.2 (T3). The contents of the N metabolism products tend to be decreased at the aging stage and shed stage. The content of chlorophyll and the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves appear the similar trends with the N metabolism products, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) is just the opposite. The N split application ratio of 0.4∶0.4∶0.2 (T3) is of advantage to the dry matter accumulation of cotton plant and to the distribution to reproductive organs in the middle and late cotton growing period, and an opposite tendency is displayed with the advanced or postponing N fertilization. Moreover, under the experimental condition of this study, the N split application ratio of 0.4∶0.4∶0.2 (T3) could increase seed cotton yield by 11.24%，4.15% and 5.47% compared to the ratios of 0∶0.4∶0.6 (T1), 0.2∶0.4∶0.4 (T2) and 0.6∶0.4∶0 (T4), respectively. We suggest that the N split application ratio of 0.4∶0.4∶02 should be used in transgenic cotton fields in the Yellow River bottomland.

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