作 者 ：王玄德;石孝均;宋光煜
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2005年 11卷 3期 页码：302-307
Keywords:rice straw returning, soil fertility, rice yield, located experiment,
摘 要 ：通过8年淹水条件下一季中稻的田间定位试验,研究了长期稻草还田以及稻草与不同化肥配合施用对紫色水稻土生产力和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,稻草与N、P、K化肥配合施用能维持或提高紫色水稻土的生产力和土壤肥力;水稻获得了持续高产,土壤有机质和全氮含量提高,土壤磷的有效性增加,速效钾与试验前基本平衡。纯化肥处理尤其是N、NP、NK处理水稻产量、土壤氮和钾含量逐年降低,不能维持系统生产力和土壤肥力。稻草还田对翌年水稻具有显著的增产作用,8年平均稻草还田处理比对照增产39.5%,稻草的增产作用还随着稻草还田时间的延长而逐年升高。稻草还田携入的钾与化学钾肥具有相同的营养功效,稻草可替代部分化学钾肥。
Abstract:The gross amount of crop straw reached 6.73×108 t in China, among which the amount of rice straw account for 23.6%. However, 45—60 percent of crop straw were burnt or discarded, which not only wasted organic fertilizer source, but also polluted the environment. Recently, with the development of agriculture, chemical fertilizer was widely applied, but the quantity of barnyard manure and green manure decreased greatly. Straw is an important organic fertilizer source of paddy soil, and straw-returning play a significant role in alleviating the shortage of organic fertilizer input, strengthening nutrient recycle and increasing soil fertility and crop yield. According to our literature reviews, using long-term and systemic location experiment to research effects of straw-returning on soil fertility and crop yield are few. In this paper, we studied the effect of rice straw returned to soil and combinations of rice straw with different chemical fertilizers on fertility and productivity of purple paddy soil according to 8-year location experiment. Meanwhile, K nutrient effects, nutrient recycle and balance in straw were also analyzed to provide a scientific basis for reasonable use and optimum management of straw resource, and sustainable development of productivity of purple paddy soil. The field location experiment in purple paddy soil included 10 treatments: CK, N, NP, NK, NPK, M(rice straw-returning into soil ), MN, MNP, MNK, MNPK, respectively. Three replicates and the area of each plot was 6m2. Rate of fertilization were N 150 kg/ha, P2O5 75kg/ ha, K2O.75 kg/ ha, respectively, among which the P, K and 60% of N as basic dressing and 40%t of N as topdressing. The application rate of straws was 7500 kg/ ha. In later September each year, straws were chopped into 5—7cm fragments, and incorporated into plow layer, irrigate following. Paddy were transplanted in light of local planting specification. The results showed that single return the rice straw or combination rice straw with chemical fertilizer could maintain, even increase rice productivity and soil fertility. Under above conditions a high sustainable rice yield could be achieved; meanwhile the content of soil organic matter, total N and available P increased, and the balance of soil available K could be maintained. Imbalanced application of N, P, and K chemical fertilizer led to a reduction of rice yield and soil fertility. The Rice straw-returned into soil in the first year increased rice yield of the second year significantly. The 8 years (average) yield of rice straw-returning treatments was 39.5% higher than that of the control, and the straw‘s production (increasing) effect increased year by year with the time expand of straw-returned into soil. Straw could partly replace chemical K fertilizer because nutrient effects of K brought by straw-returning had same function as that of chemical K fertilizer.
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