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作 者 ：盛下放;黄为一;曹晓英

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2001年 7卷 4期 页码：459-466

关键词：硅酸盐细菌；矿物钾；耗竭；解钾作用；吸钾；

Keywords:silicate bacterium, mineral potassium, depletion, potassium release, potassium uptake,

摘 要 ：在摇瓶和土壤耗竭条件下研究了硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株的解钾作用以及对作物生长的促进作用。结果表明 ,在摇瓶条件下 ,培养 120h ,NBT菌株可以从钾长石中释放K 159.1mg/L ,比接灭活菌对照 (48.8mg/L)增加 226.02% ;耗竭条件下NBT菌株在未灭菌土壤中的解钾作用与在灭菌土壤中的解钾作用相当。在未灭菌土壤中 ,NBT菌株释放的矿物钾占植株吸钾量的 14.4 %～ 4 3.1% ;不接菌或接灭活菌处理土壤中矿物钾的释放量为零或极少。NBT菌株的解钾效能与土壤中速效性钾及有机质含量密切相关。土柱试验表明 ,供试土壤接种硅酸盐细菌后的土壤滤液中流失的钾比接种灭活硅酸盐细菌后的土壤滤液中流失钾减少 29.6 %～56.5% ;硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株荚膜多糖吸附钾的量占加入钾的量的 31.8%～ 69.4 %。NBT菌株的吸钾作用与NBT菌株本身及荚膜多糖的多少密切相关。

Abstract:Shaking flask and pot experiment were carried out to study the dissolution of feldspar and growth promoting of the plants by the strain NBT of silicate bacterium. The results showed that in agitated flask, at 28℃ for 120 hours , the strain NBT had the ability of releasing 159.1 mg/L of K from feldspar, increased by 226.02% compared with the control treated by sterilized bacterium and the strain NBT could provide the K nutrient for the plants through releasing the K from feldspar under the pot experiment. The effect of K release from feldspar by the strain NBT is similar to both in non sterilized soil and in sterilized soil. The content of mineral K released by the strain NBT accounted for 14.4%～43.1% of K uptake by the plants. However, the mineral K could not be released in the soils inoculated with sterilized silicate bacterium or without silicate bacterium. The effect of K release from mineral K was greatly related to the contents of available K and organic matter in the soil. The soil column experiment showed that lost K from soil inoculated by the silicate bacterium was decreased by 29.6%～56 5% compared with the soil inoculated by the sterilized silicate bacterium. K adsorbed by the capsular polysaccharide of the strain NBT was 31.8%～69.4%of total K. The K uptake was closely related to the strain NBT and its capsular polysaccharide.

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