作 者 ：李书田;林葆
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 1998年 4卷 1期 页码：75-83
摘 要 ：本文综述了土壤硫素形态及有效性、土壤有效硫的测定方法以及不同方法测定的土壤有效硫与植物生长的相关性。土壤有效硫的测定主要考虑表层土壤可溶性和部分吸附态硫酸盐，但土壤有机质含量、有机硫含量和组成、土壤机械组成、pH值以及下层土壤硫素状况也是不可忽略的重要因素。目前还没有一种行之有效的统一方法能够合理评价土壤有效硫状况。今后应进一步研究不同土壤的供硫特性，并对不同有效硫评价方法进行筛选，找出适合我国土壤和气候条件下的土壤有效硫评价方法和指标，以期为合理施用含硫肥料提供依据。
Abstract:The forms of sulphur in soils and their avallability to plant, the methods for determination of available S in soil and the corelationship between available sulphur and plant growth were reviewed in this paper. At present, there haven‘t been a single effective chemical analytical method to evaluate the status of soil available sulphur. The general chemical extract method to determlne the available S in acid soils is 0. 01mol/L Ca(H2PO4)2 and the method to determine available S in calcareous soils is 0.01mol/L CaCl2. In Australia or some other countries 0. 25mol/L KCl-40℃ has been recommended.Among the methods to determine the S concentration in the soil extractant,turbidimetrlc method is easier to operate, less expensive and capable of analyzing more samples per hour than the reduction methods, however. this method is influenced by the operating condition and the pre-treatment of the solutions derived from soil extractions.The reduction method is sensitive, accurate but it is slow, labor intensive. ICP-AES is the best method to determine the S in the soil extractant because it can determine the lnorganic S as well as organic S in the solution and it is very rapid. Soil organic sulphur is the main source and supplement of soil available sulphur and need to be considered in evaluation of plant available S in soils. Ester sulphate is more available to plant than carbon bonded sulphur in short-term growing perlod. Other soil properties such as soil pH, clay content. organic matter content and the sulphate in the profile are also need to be considered. In the future, we need to further research the following aspects. First. select appropriate testing method of plant available S in Chinese soils and integrated with soil organic matter content, clay content and soil pH etc. to determine the critical level of soil available sulphur. Second, evaluation of bioavailability of different S fractions including soluble, sulphate, adsorbed sulphate, ester sulphate and carbon bonded sulphur. The third, study on the dynamics of soil organic sulphur mineralization and the effects of environment factors such as temperature, moisture,liming, organic carbon added and plant growth on the mineralization.
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