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作 者 ：石英;沈其荣;茆泽圣;李伟

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2001年 7卷 3期 页码：271-277

关键词：旱作水稻；覆盖；氮素；生物效应；

Keywords:upland rice, mulch, nitrogen, biological response,

摘 要 ：在田间研究了水稻旱作条件下不同覆盖物和常规淹水种植水稻 (简称水作 )条件下水稻生育期间土壤NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N的动态变化 ;水作与旱作条件下水稻各部位的含氮量 ,水稻对氮素养分的吸收、积累的动态变化 ;产量及其构成因素以及灌溉水的利用效率。结果表明 ,旱作条件下土壤有效氮以硝态氮为主 ,旱作水稻的氮营养以硝态氮为主 ;水稻各部位的含氮量均大于水作。旱作水稻的氮素吸收、累积主要在拔节期以后 ,而水作水稻从移栽后就大量吸收氮素 ,灌浆期后很少吸收氮素 ;旱作水稻的产量以半腐解覆盖处理的最高。所有旱作处理的水稻产量均低于水作 ,但耗水量只占水作耗水量的 71.4% ,水分利用效率是水作的 12倍以上。

Abstract:Field experiments of rice cultivated both on upland soil (RCUS) mulched with half decomposed rice straw(HM), horse bean straw(BM), plastic film(FM), paper film(PM), and rice raw straw(RM) and on waterlogged soil (WT) were carried out to study the dynamics of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N of the soils, N content of the rice at various growing stages, rice yield and yielding components, and irrigating water use efficiency. Results indicated that soil NO₃^-N was the main form absorbed by the RCUS. It was found that N contents of the different organs of the RCUS was always higher than those of WT. Great absorption and accumulation of N of RCUS happened mostly after jointing stage, while the rice crop in waterlogged soil absorbed N in large amounts from transplanting stage to filling stage. The highest rice yield on upland soil was found in the treatment of the soil mulched with HM but lower than that in waterlogged soil. The water consumption, however, in upland soil was much less than that in waterlogged soil, thus, the irrigating water use efficiency of RCUS was 12 times as much as WT.

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