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作 者 ：唐拴虎1;2;徐培智1;张发宝1;陈建生1;谢春生1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 1期 页码：63-69

关键词：水稻；一次性全层施肥；控释肥；根系；抗倒伏；

Keywords:rice, single basal application, controlled-release fertilizer, root system, lodging resistance,

摘 要 ：通过盆栽试验、网箱栽培试验研究了一次性全层施用控释肥对水稻根系形态发育及抗倒伏能力的影响。结果表明,采用等养分量的自研控释肥一次性施用(BNCRF)和国产包膜尿素复混肥一次性施用(BRCU)处理收获期根系重量比专用肥分次施用[SNRSF(ck)]处理分别增加26.56%～35.24%和17.99%～37.35%,比专用肥一次性施用(BNRSF)处理分别增加14.57%～23.24%和7.52%～24.34%;根系体积比SNRSF处理分别增加13.94%～41.77%和19.02%～21.40%,比BNRSF处理分别增加3.99%～26.54%和9.40%～16.40%;根系的深层分布比例、根深指数和茎基部都明显大于SNRSF处理。采用低钾含量的国产磷酸铵镁包膜控释肥(BLCRF)处理,其促根壮茎效果虽逊于高钾含量的BNCRF和BRCU处理,但收获期的根系重量仍较高钾含量的SNRSF处理增加10.16%～16.84%。说明一次性全层施用控释肥能明显促进水稻的根系生长发育,增加深层根数量,显著改善抗倒伏能力。

Abstract:Previous studies have proved that root system development,which is directly related to fertilizer management,significantly affects the lodging resistance and grain yield of rice.However,no report regarding the influence of controlled-release fertilizers(CRF) on rice root-system development has been found so far.Pot trials with 6 fertilization treatments and cylinder trials with 5 fertilization treatments were conducted using 3 CRFs as experiment materials in 2003 to investigate the effects of single application of controlled-release fertilizer on root system morphologic development of and lodging resistance of rice.Result showed that two controlled-release fertilizer treatments with single basal application of Nongke controlled-release fertilizer(BNCRF) and bulk blend fertilizer with resin coated urea(BRCU),increased root dry weight by 26.56%—35.24% and 17.99%—37.35% respectively compared to 4 split application of Nongke rice-specific fertilizer(SNRSF),14.57%—23.24% and 7.52%—24.34% respectively compared with single application of rice-specific fertilizer BNRSF.In addition,BNCRF and BRCU increased root volume by 13.94%—41.77% and 19.02%—30.42% compared to SNRSF,3.99%—26.54% and 9.40%—16.40% compared to BNRSF,respectively.In comparison with the SNRSF,the proportion of deep root distribution,root depth index and diameter of basal stem in BNCRF and BRCU treatment are much higher.The effects of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizer with MgNH₄PO₄ coated(BLCRF) were not as significant as BNCRF and BRCU on benefiting the development of root system and stem probably due to its lower K rate.However,BLCRF still increased dry root weight by 10.16%—16.84% compared to SNRSF with high K rate.It was concluded that single basal application of CRFs significantly promoted the development of rice root system,obviously multiplied root mass in deep layer,thus improved lodging resistance.

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