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,2016,36(7):1482-1485
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
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犘狉犲犾犻犿犻犾犪狉狔犛狋狌犱狔狅狀狋犺犲犔犻犮犺犲狀犌犲狀狌狊犘狊狅狉犪犻狀犡犻狀犼犻犪狀犵,犆犺犻狀犪
REYIM Mamut,ABDULLAAbbas
(1LifeScienceandTechnologyColege,XinjiangUniversity,Urumqi830046,China;2LichensResearchCenterinAridZones
ofNorthwestChina,XinjiangUniversity,Urumqi830046,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:SpecimensforthisstudywerecolectedfromMt.TianshaninXinjiang,China.Inthelaboratory
standardmethodsofmorphological,anatomicalandchemistryanalyseswereused.Asaresult,threespe
ciesoftheLichenGenus犘狊狅狉犪Hoffm.werefound.Amongthem,犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊 W.A.Weber,
and犘狊狅狉犪犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪(Tuck.)FinkarenewtoChina.Detaileddescriptionswithcommentsandphotosare
provided.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:lichen;犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊;犘狊狅狉犪犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪;taxonomy
犘狊狅狉犪isalichenizedgenusoffungiwithinthe
familyPsoraceae[1].犘狊狅狉犪comprisesabout25spe
ciesofsaxicolousorterricolouslichens.Ithasa
worldwidedistributionwiththemainoccurrences
inaridorarcticalpineareas[2],oftenoncalciferous
substratesinopenhabitats.Thegenuswasfor
merlyoftenincludedinthegenus犔犲犮犻犱犲犪asasec
tioncomprisingthesquamulosespecies.Thecur
rentnarrowcircumscriptionof犘狊狅狉犪 wasestab
lishedbySchneider[3]andTimdal[2,45]basedonthe
squamulosethalus,anthraquinonesintheepithe
cium,calciumoxalateinthehypothecium,por
pidiatypeascus,immersed,laminalpycnidia,and
acrogenousbaciliformpycnoconidia.
InAsia,Timdal& Zhurbenko[6]providesa
keytotheAsianspecies.InChina,6犘狊狅狉犪species
havebeenreported[78].Duringfield workfrom
2003to2013,twoadditionalspecieswerefoundin
Xinjianginthesouthern Tianshan Mountains,
KunlunMountains,PamirMountains,andKurba
ntunggutDesertinJunggarBasin.Thisstudyis
thesecondofaseriespresentingdistributionaldata
on犘狊狅狉犪inXinjiang,Chinaandprovidesdetails
fornewlocalitiesofthreetaxa.
1 Materialsandmethods
TheexaminedspecimensarestoredinXJU
(HerbariumoftheLichensResearchCenterinAr
idZonesofNorthwestChina,XinjiangUniversi
ty).Morphologicalandanatomicalilustrationwas
madewithdissectingmicroscopeLeicaZOOM2000
andMotic.Lightmicroscopyonsquashprepara
tionsandhandcuttingsectionsofthaliandapoth
eciathatweremoundedinwaterwasmeasuredat
1000× magnification.Anatomicalstructuresofli
chenswerephotographedusingaNikonMODEL
ECLIPSE CiL and Nikon MODEL ECLIPSE
E200.Thechemicalanalyseswerecarriedoutu
singthinlayerchromatography(TLC)folowing
Culberson&Kristinsson[9],Orange犲狋犪犾.[10].Ex
tractswererunonglassTLCplatesinsolventsys
temsC.BriefComments,distributioninformation
forthespeciesusedthematerials[2,5,11]areinclud
ed.ThenomenclatureoftaxafolowsTimdal[5].
2 Resultsanddiscussion
犓犲狔狋狅狋犺犲狊狆犲犮犻犲狊狅犳犘狊狅狉犪犻狀犡犻狀犼犻犪狀犵,犆犺犻狀犪
1a.Apotheciaattachedmarginalytothesquamules,black;squamuleswiderthan4mm;marginslightly
downturnedtoslightlyupturned,entiretocrenulate
2a.Thaluspaleyelowishbrowntoolivaceousbrownorrarelydarkbrown,sometimesentirelywhite
pruinose;atranorinpresent(inuppercortex) 1.犘.犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊
2b.Thalusbrightredtoorangebrown,usualypartialywhitepruinose;nolichensubstancesdetec
ted(inuppercortex) 2.犘.犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊
1b.Apotheciaattachedlaminalytothesquamules,browntoblack;squamulesupto4mmwide;margin
slightlyupturnedtoturnedunder;nolichensubstancesdetected 3.犘.犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪
2.1 犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊犠.犃.犠犲犫犲狉,犕狔犮狅狋犪狓
狅狀13:104(1981) (PlateⅠ,1-3)
Thalussquamules,rounded,adnate,scat
teredtocontiginous,somewhatconvex,sometimes
depressionatthecenter,upto10mmwide;up
persidepaleyelowishbrown,rarelydarkbrown,
oftenheavilypruinose;marginconcolorouswith
theupperside,slightlydownturnedtoslightlyup
turned,entiretocrenulate;undersidepalebrown.
uppercortex70-140μmthick,consistingofan
upperepinecrallayerandalowerstainablelayer,
thelatercomposedofthin waledhyphae with
roundlumina;Medulagrayishbrown;Lowercor
texpoorlydevelopedorabsent;Apotheciablack,
marginal,simple,stronglyconvex,immarginate,
upto2 mm diam.;epithecium (epihymenium)
darkbrown,hymeniumbrownishtohyaline,upto
150μm;paraphysesnotoftenbranched,tipsslightly
thickened;asciclavate,(55-87)×(12-16)μm;as
cosporescolorless,simple,elipsoid,(11-17)×(7-
10)μm;Pycnidiablack,laminal,immersed.
犆犺犲犿犻犮犪犾狋犲狊狋狊:thaluscortex K+ yelow(some
timesK+red),C,KC,P,I.
犛犲犮狅狀犱犪狉狔犿犲狋犪犫狅犾犻狋犲狊:atranorin,sometimestrace
ofnorsticticacid.
犇犻狊狋狉犻犫狌狋犻狅狀: Canada, Western North Ameri
ca[2,5].NewtoChina.
犛犲犾犲犮狋犲犱 狊狆犲犮犻犿犲狀狊犲狓犪犿犻狀犲犱:China.Xinjiang:
犓犪狊犺犵犪狉,犜犪狓犽狅狉犵犪狀County,Mt.Pamir,alt.3426
m,onsoil,30July.2011,AbbasA& MamutR,
20110120 (XJU);犃狋狌狓,犗狔狋犪犵 County, Mt.
SouthernTianshan,alt.2670m,onsoil,2Aug.
2011,AbbasA & MamutR,20110234 (XJU);
Atux,OytagCounty,Mt.Southern Tianshan,
alt.2850m,onsoil,26Aug.2013,AbbasA &
MamutR,20130099(XJU);26Aug.2013,Abbas
A& MamutR,2013084(XJU);28Aug.2013,
AbbasA & MamutR,20131096 (XJU);犃狋狌狓,
犅狅狊狋犪狀狋犲狉犪犽County,Mt.SouthernTianshan,alt.
1940 m,onsoil,28Aug.2013,AbbasA &
MamutR,20131211(XJU);28Aug.2013,Abbas
A& MamutR,20131254(XJU);犉狌犽犪狀犵,Gurban
tunggutdesert,alt.536m,onsoil,20Sept.2013,
AbbasA& MamutR,20131456(XJU).
犇犻狊犮狌狊狊犻狅狀:犘狊狅狉犪犮狉犲狀犪狋犪and犘.犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊also
produceblackapotheciaonthe marginsofthe
squamules.犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊differsfromthese
speciesinthecolorofuppercortexofthesquamu
lesandthepresenceofatranorinintheuppercor
tex.In犘.犮狉犲狀犪狋犪theuppercortexisredtored
dishbrown,marginusualydownturned,andal
wayscontainsnorsticticacid.犘.犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊has
brightredbrowntoalmostpinksquamules,is
generalylesspruinose,andusualylackslichen
substances[2,11].
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2.2 犘狊狅狉犪犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊(犎犲犱狑犻犵)犎狅犳犳犿.,犇犲狊犮狉犻狆狋.
犃犱狌犿犫狉.犘犾.犔犻犮犺.2,4:63(1794)
Thalussquamules,rounded,adnate,dispers
edtoadjacent,rarelyimbricate,mostlyflator
cancavetoconvex,upto6mm wide;upperside
brightredtoorangebrown,shining,usualypar
tialywhitepruinose;marginwhiteorconcolorous
withtheupperside,slightlyupturned,entireor
weaklycrenulate;uppercortex80-120μmthick,
composedofthinwaledhyphaewithroundlumi
na;Medulagrayishbrown;Lowercortexpoorly
developedorabsent.Apotheciablack,attached
marginalytothesquamules,simple,stronglycon
vextohemispherical,epruinose,immarginate,up
to2(-2.5)mmdiam.;epitheciumredbrown;
hymeniumupto125μmthick,palebrown;pa
raphysesnotbranched,tipsslightlythickened;as
ciclavate,(55-85)×(12-17)μm;ascospores8,
colorless,simple,narrowlyelipsoid,(11-19)×
(5-8.5)μm;Pycnidialaminal,immersed.
犆犺犲犿犻犮犪犾狋犲狊狋狊:CortexK-,C-,KC-,P-,I-.
犛犲犮狅狀犱犪狉狔犿犲狋犪犫狅犾犻狋犲狊:Nolichensubstancesdetected.
犇犻狊狋狉犻犫狌狋犻狅狀:Africa,Asia,Australia,Europeand
NorthandSouthAmerica[5].
犛犲犾犲犮狋犲犱狊狆犲犮犻犿犲狀狊犲狓犪犿犻狀犲犱:China.Xinjiang:犃狋
狌狓,犗狔狋犪犵犆狅狌狀狋狔,Mt.SouthernTianshan,alt.1
920m,onsoil,28Aug.2013,AbbasA& Mamut
R,20131191 (XJU),犉狌犽犪狀犵犆狅狌狀狋狔,Gurban
tunggutdesert,alt.400m,onsoil,5May,2003,
AbbasA& MamutR,20030046(XJU).
犇犻狊犮狌狊狊犻狅狀:犘狊狅狉犪犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊isrelativelyeasyto
recognizebecauseofitscolor,whiteedgedfrayed
squamules,and marginalapothecia.Itisvery
widelydistributedspeciesinXinjiang.犘.犮狉犲狀犪狋犪
iscloselyrelatedto犘.犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊.Itdiffersmainly
inhavingbroaderandthickersquamuleswhichu
sualyhavearegularcentraldepressionanda
downturned,moreorlessentiremargin,thalus
oftencontainsnorsticticacid[4,5,11].Thesquamules
of犘.犱犲犮犻狆犻犲狀狊usualylackaregularcentralde
pression and have distinctlycrenulate margin.
犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊alsoproduceblackmarginal
apothecia,forthedifferences,seecommentsunder
犘.犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊.
2.3 犘狊狅狉犪犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪 (犜狌犮犽.)犉犻狀犽,犔犻犮犺.犉犾.犝.
犛.:213(1935) (PlateⅠ,4-8)
Thalussquamules,upto4mmlong,adnate,
dispersedtoadjacent,sometimesirregularlyimbri
cate.Uppersidebrowntodarkbrown,planeto
slightlyconvex,somewhatareolate,epruinoseto
partlyorentirelywhitepruinose;marginerect,
concolorouswiththeuppersideorwhitepruinose,
slightlyupturnedtoturnedunder,entireorbe
comingdeeplylobed;undersidepalebrown;upper
cortex75-100μmthick,composedofthinwaled
hyphae with round lumina; Medula grayish
brown;Lowercortexpoorlydeveloped;attached
byrhizinalhyphae.Apotheciaupto1mm,dark
browntoblack,laminal,convex,epruinose;ephi
theciumredbrown;hymenium brownish,70-
95μm;paraphysesrarelybranched,capitate;asci
clavate,(45-57)×(13-17)μm;ascospores8,
colorless,simple,elipsoid,(8-15)×(5-7)μm;
Pycnidianotseen.
犆犺犲犿犻犮犪犾狋犲狊狋狊:CortexK-,C-,KC-,P-,I-.
犛犲犮狅狀犱犪狉狔犿犲狋犪犫狅犾犻狋犲狊:Nolichensubstancesdetected.
犇犻狊狋狉犻犫狌狋犻狅狀:U.S.A.[2].NewtoChina.
犛狆犲犮犻犿犲狀犲狓犪犿犻狀犲犱:China.Xinjiang:犃狋狌狓,犗狔狋犪犵
County,Mt.SouthernTianshan,alt.2850m,on
soil,26 Aug.2013,Abbas A & Mamut R,
20130078(XJU).
犇犻狊犮狌狊狊犻狅狀:犘狊狅狉犪犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪iseasilydistinguished
bybrowntodarkishbrownrathersmalsquamu
les,faintlywhitepruinose,slightlyupturnedto
turnedundermarginsandlaminal,simple,convex
anddarkbrowntoblackapothecia.
犃犮犽狀狅狑犾犲犱犵犲犿犲狀狋狊
WeareverygratefultoBruceBartholomew(CaliforniaAcademyofSciences)fordiscussionandcriticalcommentsonthe
manuscriptandhelpfulsuggestionstoimprovethispaper.
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[3] SCHNEIDERG.DieFlechtengattungPsorasensuZahlbruck
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latedgenera,withnotesonsomespecies[J].犖狅狉犱犻犮犑狅狌狉狀犪犾
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4841 ! " # $ % & 36
[5] TIMDALE.犘狊狅狉犪[M]//THNashIII犲狋犪犾.犔犻犮犺犲狀犳犾狅狉犪狅犳
狋犺犲犵狉犲犪狋犲狉犛狅狀狅狉犪狀犇犲狊犲狉狋狉犲犵犻狅狀 Vol.1.Tempe:Lichens
Unlimited,ArizonaStateUniversity,2002:418430.
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ciesfromeasternSiberia,withkeytotheAsianspeciesof
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犝狆狊犪犾犻犲狀狊犲狊,2004,34(1):2529.
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[8] ABBASA,WUJN.LichensofXinjiang[M].Urumqi:Sci
Tech& HygienePublishingHouseofXinjiang,1998.
[9] CULBERSONCF,KRISTINSSONH.Astandardizedmeth
odfortheidentificationoflichenproducts[J].犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳
犆犺狉狅犿犪狋狅犵狉犪狆犺狔,1970,46:8593.
[10] ORANGEA,JAMESPW,WHITEFJ.MicrochemicalMeth
odsfortheIdentificationofLichens[M].London:BritishLichen
Society,2001.
[11] BRODOIM,SHARNOFFSD,SHARNOFFS.Lichensof
NorthAmerica[M].NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,2001.
犘犾犪狋犲Ⅰ 犘狊狅狉犪犮犲狉犲犫狉犻犳狅狉犿犻狊(1—3)and犘狊狅狉犪犾狌狉犻犱犲犾犾犪(4—8)
Fig.1. Thalus;Fig.2.ThalusandApothecia;Fig.3.Ascusandascospores;Fig.4.Thalus;Fig.5.Thalus
andApothecia;Fig.6.Ascus;Fig.7.AscusandParaphyses;Fig.8.Ascospores
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