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作 者 ：张宏利1,简利茹1,韩崇选2,王明春2,杨清娥2

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 6期 页码：1234~1238

关键词：皂荚；皂荚皂苷O；活性成分；急性毒性；

Keywords:Gleditsia sinensis Lam., Gleditsiosides O, active component, acute toxicity,

摘 要 ：采用乙醇提取、正丁醇萃取、常压硅胶柱反复层析的方法,并结合杀鼠活性追踪,从豆科植物皂荚（Gleditsia sinensis Lam.)的果实中分离到一个含有7个糖基的三萜皂苷,通过TLC、mp、IR、MS、₁H-NMR和₁₃C-NMR等方法鉴定为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-（1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基齐墩果酸28-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→3)-β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→2)-[（6S,2E)-6-羟基-2,6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯醇-（1→3)-（6′S,2′E)-6′-羟基-2′,6′-二甲基-2′,7′-辛二烯醇-（1→6)] -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯[即皂荚皂苷O （Gleditsiosides O)]。对小鼠的急性毒性测定结果表明,试鼠对皂荚皂苷O经口灌胃的耐受量为160～400 mg/kg,半数致死剂量LD₅₀=249.52 mg/kg,95%可信区间为224.81～276.95 mg/kg;皂荚皂苷O对小鼠的急性毒性大于皂荚皂苷A。研究结果表明，皂荚皂苷O为皂荚的主要杀鼠活性成分。

Abstract:A triterpenoid saponin was isolated from the pod of Gleditsia sinensis Lam.by ethanol extraction and silica gel column chromatography,and was identified by TLC,mp,IR,MS,₁H-NMR and ₁₃C-NMR.Its structure was determined to be 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-（1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→2)-[（6S),（2E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethy-2,7-octadienoyl-（1→3)and （6′S),（2′E)-6′-hydroxy-2′,6′-dimethy-2′,7′-octadienoyl-（1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester.The acute toxicity experiment indicated that the tolerance dose to mouse was 160～400 mg/kg through mouth,and LD₅₀ was 249.52 mg/kg,with the 95% confidence limit of 224.81～276.95 mg/kg.Its toxicity to mice is greater than that of gleditsioside A.The research results show that the gleditsioside O is the main active ingredient in rat-killing.

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