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Optimization of RT-PCR detection system for rice black-streaked dwarf virus and detection of its natural hosts

我国玉米上一个水稻黑条矮缩病毒重排体的ORF序列(英文)



全 文 :植物病理学报
ACTA PHYTOPATHOLOGICA SINICA  43(4): 354 ̄361(2013)
Received date: 2012 ̄10 ̄02ꎻ Revised date: 2013 ̄04 ̄20
Foundation item: Modern maize industrial system of Shandong province
Corresponding author: LI Xiang ̄dongꎬ Professorꎬ focuses on plant virologyꎻ E ̄mail: xdongli@sdau. edu. cn
Biography: YIN Xiaoꎬ femaleꎬ Shandong Provinceꎬ major in plant virologyꎻ E ̄mail: yinxiao2004@163. comꎻ
XU Fei ̄feiꎬ femaleꎬ Shandong Provinceꎬ major in plant virologyꎻ E ̄mail: xffei@163. com.
YIN Xiao and XU Fei ̄fei contributed equally to this paper.
Complete ORF Sequences of a Natural
Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virus
Reassortant from Maize in China
YIN Xiao#ꎬ XU Fei ̄fei#ꎬ ZHU Qin ̄qinꎬ LIU Zhi ̄qiangꎬ
ZHANG Guang ̄minꎬ LI Xiang ̄dong∗
(Laboratory of Plant Virologyꎬ Department of Plant Pathologyꎬ College of Plant Protectionꎬ
Shandong Agricultural Universityꎬ Tai’an 271018ꎬ China)
Abstract: Maize rough dwarf disease caused by rice black ̄streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is a destructive
disease in China. Hereꎬ we reported the complete genomic sequences of all the open reading frames (ORFs)
in SDZZ10ꎬ a RBSDV isolate from maize in Zaozhuangꎬ Shandong Province of China. Comparing with two
RBSDV isolates whose complete genomic sequences were availableꎬ the most ORFs and corresponding proteins
of SDZZ10 shared higher nucleotide (nt) or amino acid (aa) identities with RBSDV ̄Hbmꎻ While ORFs 3ꎬ
4ꎬ 9 ̄2 and 10 of SDZZ10 shared higher nt identities with RBSDV ̄Zjrꎬ P4ꎬ P9 ̄1 and P9 ̄2 shared higher aa
identities with RBSDV ̄Zjr. Phylogenetic analyses of ORF8 and ORF10 showed that SDZZ10 was clustered in ̄
to different groupsꎬ indicating that SDZZ10 is a natural reassortant.
Key words: Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virusꎻ open reading frameꎻ reassortantꎻ Maize rough dwarf disease
我国玉米上一个水稻黑条矮缩病毒重排体的 ORF 序列   阴 筱ꎬ 许斐斐ꎬ 朱芹芹ꎬ 刘志强ꎬ
张广民ꎬ 李向东  (山东农业大学植物保护学院植物病毒研究室ꎬ 泰安 271018)
摘要: 由水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virusꎬRBSDV) 引起的粗缩病是我国玉米生产中的一种毁灭性病害ꎮ
本文报道从山东枣庄玉米上得到的 RBSDV分离物 SDZZ10 所有可读框(ORF)的序列ꎮ 与全基因组序列已知的 2 个 RBS ̄
DV分离物 Hbm和 Zjr比较ꎬSDZZ10 的大多数 ORF与 Hbm相应 ORF的核苷酸序列一致率更高ꎬ其蛋白与 Hbm相应蛋白
的氨基酸一致率也更高ꎬ但 SDZZ10 的 ORF3ꎬ ORF4ꎬ ORF9 ̄2 和 ORF10 与 Zjr相应 ORF的核苷酸一致率更高ꎬP4ꎬP9 ̄1 和
P9 ̄2 与 Zjr相应蛋白的氨基酸一致率更高ꎮ 根据 ORF8 和 ORF10 构建的系统进化树中ꎬSDZZ10 分别属于不同的组ꎬ说明
SDZZ10 是一个自然发生的重排体ꎮ
关键词: 水稻黑条矮缩病毒ꎻ 开放读框ꎻ 重排体ꎻ 玉米粗缩病
中图分类号: S432. 41          文献标识码: A          文章编号: 0412 ̄0914(2013)04 ̄0354 ̄08
 
  4 期 YIN Xiao, et al.: Complete ORF Sequences of a Natural Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virus Reassortant from Maize in China
Introduction
Viruses are under constant evolution. Success ̄
ful evolution helps the viruses to adapt quickly to the
changing environmental conditions. The major
forces driving the evolution of viruses are mutationꎬ
recombination and reassortment[1] . Mutation is an
error during DNA or RNA replication that results in
changes ( substitutionꎬ deletion or insertion) in the
nucleotide sequences or amino acids. Recombination
refers to the formation of chimeric molecules from
segments previously separated in the same molecules
or present in different parental molecules. It can oc ̄
cur between two related or unrelated nucleic acid
molecules (homologous or nonhomologous recombi ̄
nation) . The nucleic acid molecule experienced re ̄
combination event is called recombinant. Reassort ̄
ment only occurs in viruses with segmented genome.
In the case of mixed infection with two such viruses
or strainsꎬ new reassortant with some genomic mole ̄
cules from one virus or strains and some from the
other may appear.
Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD) is devas ̄
tating to maize production. From 2008 to 2011ꎬ
MRDD caused severe yield and economic losses in
Shandong and neighboring provinces. The prevalent
virus causing MRDD is rice black ̄streaked dwarf vi ̄
rus (RBSDVꎻ genus Fijivirusꎬ family Reoviridae)
in China[2 ̄6] . Southern rice black ̄streaked dwarf vi ̄
rus ( SRBSDV)ꎬ a novel member of the fijivirus
group 2ꎬ is also reported to infect maize naturally in
Jiningꎬ Shandong of China[7 ̄9] . RBSDV mainly in ̄
fects graminaceous plant species. Besides MRDDꎬ
RBSDV induces black ̄streaked dwarf in riceꎬ stun ̄
ting and dark leaf in wheat[2ꎬ 6] . Although the func ̄
tion of several RBSDV proteins have been studied in
detailꎬ the pathogenesis of RBSDV is largely un ̄
known[10 ̄15] .
A prerequisite for functional studies of viruses is
to sequence their genome and determine their open
reading frames (ORFs)ꎬ after that the function of a
gene can be analyzed via in vivo and in vitro analy ̄
ses. The genome of RBSDV contains ten segments
of double ̄stranded RNA ( dsRNA) named S1 to
S10ꎬ with size of molecular weight in decreasing or ̄
der. As a general ruleꎬ S1 to S10 of RBSDV possess
genus ̄specific termini with conserved nucleotide se ̄
quences of ( + ) 5′ ̄AAGUUUUU 􀆺􀆺 CAG ̄
CUNNNGUC ̄3′ and a perfect or imperfect inverted
repeat of seven to eleven nucleotides immediately
adjacent to the terminal conserved sequences[16ꎬ 17] .
In this paperꎬ we reported the complete ORFs of
RBSDV isolate SDZZ10ꎬ which is a natural reassor ̄
tant.
1  Materials and Methods
1. 1  Virus isolate
The isolate SDZZ10 was obtained from a maize
plant showing typical rough dwarf symptom in the
field of Zaozhuangꎬ Shandong Province in 2008.
1. 2  RNAs extraction and RT ̄PCR
Total RNA was extracted from infected maize
leaves using the TransZol (TransGenꎬ Beijingꎬ Chi ̄
na) following the manufacturer′ s instructions. The
cDNA was synthesized using Moloney Murine leuke ̄
mia virus reverse transcriptase (TransGenꎬ Beijingꎬ
China) with primers listed in Table 1. PCR amplifi ̄
cation was conducted using LA Taq polymerase
(TaKaRa Bioꎬ Dalianꎬ China) in 25 μL reaction
systems. The PCR amplification programs were pre ̄
heated for 3 min at 94℃ꎬ 5 cycles of 1 min at 94℃ꎬ
50 s at 37℃ and 2 min at 72℃ꎬ 30 cycles of 1 min
at 94℃ꎬ 50 s at annealing temperature showed in
Table 1 and 3 min at 72℃. The reaction was termi ̄
nated with an extension of 72℃ for 10 min.
1. 3  Cloning and sequencing
The PCR products were purified using DNA
purification kit and cloned into pMD18 ̄T vector
(TaKaRaꎬ Dalianꎬ China) . The positive clones with
foreign inserts were screened with electrophoresis
and PCR. For each segmentꎬ three or four clones
from two separate PCR reactions were sequenced to
553
 
植物病理学报 43 卷
Table 1  Primer sequences and annealing temperature used in this study
ORF Size / bp
Primer
name
Primer
sequence(5′ ̄3′)
Annealing
temperature / ℃
ORF1 4395
S1 ̄F ATGGGGAACGAAAGTTCAGTAG
57
S1 ̄R TCAGTCGAACTCCAGAGTAAGC
ORF2 3681
S2 ̄F ATGGATTCTGAGGAGAAACG
55
S2 ̄R GTTTACAACTGCGATGACACTC
ORF3 3441
S3 ̄F ATGTTGAAAGTAAACGTGCAGGCTC
60
S3 ̄R GCACAAACAGTCGAAGAATCATTTC
ORF4 3510
S4 ̄F ATGGATCCAGGACAAGTCCTC
57
S4 ̄R CATTAAAATCTCAGAATTTCAGGGTG
ORFs 5 ̄1 and 5 ̄2 2814 / 612
S5 ̄1F ATGGCATATTCGAAAGTGAAGATG
55
S5 ̄2R AGGGATAACACATCCTCAGAG
ORF6 2397
S6 ̄F ATGGCTGCCCACCTGACCAATTTAG
60
S6 ̄R TTACTCAGAGCTTAGTTGCCAG
ORFs 7 ̄1 and 7 ̄2 1089 / 930
S7 ̄1F ATGGATAGACCTGCTCGAGAAC
55
S7 ̄2R CCGACGAGACATTAAGAATTCAG
ORF 8 1776
S8 ̄P1 AAGTTTTTTTCGCACTGTCTAAAGATGACTGGC
60
S8 ̄P2 GACAATAGCTGAATTTTCGCACACTTCAC
ORFs 9 ̄1 and 9 ̄2 1044 / 630
S9 ̄1F ATGGCAGACCAAGAGCGGAG
57
S9 ̄2R GAGTCATACAAAATAGACGTTAATTAAAAAG
ORF 10 1677
S10 ̄F AAGTTTTTTTCCTCACCCA
51
S10 ̄R GACAATAGCTGAATTTCCCCCTA
obtain the consensus sequences. Identities at nucleo ̄
tide (nt) and amino acid (aa) levels were calcula ̄
ted with the MegAlign program of software DNAS ̄
TAR ( DNASTARꎬ Inc. ꎬ Madisonꎬ Wisconsinꎬ
USA) .
1. 4  Phylogenetic and diversity analyses
Multiple nucleotide sequence alignments were
performed by using Clustal W program[18] . Se ̄
quence analyses and comparisons were performed
using the programs DNASTAR 6. 0.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the
neighbor ̄joining (NJ) methodꎬ minimum evolution
(ME) method and unweighted pair ̄group method
with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) that were pack ̄
aged in the MEGA 3. 1 software[19] . All branches
with bootstrap values < 50% were collapsed. Boot ̄
strap value >70% were listed[20ꎬ 21] .
2  Results and Discussions
2. 1  Gene size
Like those of RBSDV isolates Hbm and Zjrꎬ
the genome of SDZZ10 consisted of ten genomic
dsRNA segments ( S1 ̄S10 )ꎬ among which most
segments contained single ORFꎬ while S7 and S9
had two non ̄overlapping ORFsꎬ and S5 had two
overlapping ORFs.
The ORF1 ( JX421764) in segment 1 (S1) of
SDZZ10 contained 4 395 bp (Table 1)ꎬ and enco ̄
ded a putative 168 kDa RNA ̄dependent RNA poly ̄
merase. The ORF2 (JX421765) in S2 was 3 681 bp
in length and encoded a major core protein of 142
kDa (Table 1) . The ORF3 ( JX421766) in S3 was
3 441 bp long and encoded a protein of 132 kDaꎬ
which was a putative guanylyltransferase[22] . The
653
 
  4 期 YIN Xiao, et al.: Complete ORF Sequences of a Natural Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virus Reassortant from Maize in China
protein encoded by the ORF4 ( 3 510 bpꎻ JX42 ̄
1767) in S4 was 135 kDa and assembled to the outer
shell B ̄spike protein. The two ORFsꎬ 5 ̄1 and 5 ̄2ꎬ
in S5 ( JX421768)ꎬ were 2 814 bp and 612 bp in
length and encoded two nonstructural proteins of 107
kDa ( P5 ̄1 ) and 23 kDa ( P5 ̄2 )ꎬ respectively.
ORFs 5 ̄1 and 5 ̄2 had an over ̄lapping region of 368
bp. The ORF6 ( JX421769) in S6 contained 2 379
bp and encoded 90 kDa non ̄structural protein that
functions as RNA silencing suppressor and strongly
interacted with and recruits P9 ̄1 to localize in viro ̄
plasm ̄like structures in the cytoplasm[11ꎬ 15] . The
ORFs ( JX421770) in S7 contained 1 089 bp and
930 bp respectivelyꎬ and had a non ̄overlapping re ̄
gion of 52 bp. ORFs 7 ̄1 and 7 ̄2 encoded two non ̄
structural proteins of 41 kDa ( P7 ̄1) and 36 kDa
(P7 ̄2) . P7 ̄1 was a component of the tubular struc ̄
tures and viroplasm produced in infected cells. The
ORF8 (JX047252) in S8 was 1 776 bp in length and
encoded a minor core capsid protein of 68 kDa. P8
contained a conserved NTP ̄binding motif and pos ̄
sessed potent active transcriptional repression activity
in Bright Yellow ̄2 tobacco suspension cells[13] . S9
of SDZZ10 contained two ORFs ( JX421771 )ꎬ
ORF9 ̄1 and ORF9 ̄2ꎬ which were 1 044 bp and 630
bp in lengthꎬ and encoded two nonstructural proteins
of 40 kDa (P9 ̄1) and 24 kDa (P9 ̄2)ꎬ respective ̄
ly. P9 ̄1 formed viroplasm in infected cells[10ꎬ 12] .
The ORF10 (HM209077) of SDZZ10 was 1 677 bp
and encoded the major outer capsid protein of 63
kDa that had self ̄interactions[12ꎬ 14] .
2. 2  Sequence identities
The thirteen ORFs and putative proteins of
SDZZ10 shared nt identities of 94. 3% -99. 4% and
aa identities of 97. 8% - 100% with corresponding
ORFs and proteins of RBSDV ̄Hbmꎬ nt identities of
94. 9% -99. 7% and aa identities of 95. 0% -100% ꎬ
respectivelyꎬ with those of RBSDV ̄Zjr. Comparing
with these two RBSDV isolates whose complete ge ̄
nomic sequences were availableꎬ most ORFs and the
corresponding proteins of SDZZ10 shared higher nt
or aa identities with RBSDV ̄Hbmꎬ while ORFs 3ꎬ
4ꎬ 9 ̄2 and 10 of SDZZ10 shared higher nt identi ̄
tiesꎬ and P4ꎬ P9 ̄1 and P9 ̄2 shared higher aa identi ̄
tiesꎬ with RBSDV ̄Zjr.
The seven proteins encoded by ORFs in SDZZ10 S1
to S4ꎬ S6ꎬ S8 and S10 shared aa identities of 30􀆰 4% -
86. 7%ꎬ 19. 6% -89. 5%ꎬ 16. 9% -86. 6%ꎬ 13. 3% -
73􀆰 8%ꎬ 23.7% -63.1%ꎬ 11.1% -92.1% and 18.1% -
92.7% with other fijiviruses (Table 2). Six proteins en ̄
coded by ORFs 5 ̄1ꎬ 5 ̄2ꎬ 7 ̄1ꎬ 7 ̄2ꎬ 9 ̄1 and 9 ̄2 in
SDZZ10 genome shared aa identities of 32.8% -70.2%ꎬ
62.6% - 63. 5%ꎬ 17. 1% - 92. 3%ꎬ 10. 6% - 86. 7%ꎬ
11􀆰 7% -89.9% and 17.4% -94.7%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ with
other fijiviruses at aa levels.
2. 3   Phylogenetic analyses of ORF8 and
ORF10
The sequences of RBSDV isolates available
were scarce except those for ORF8 and ORF10.
Thereforeꎬ we constructed phylogenetic trees with
ORF8 and ORF10 sequences of SDZZ10 and other
isolates available in the GenBank without recombina ̄
tion. Sixteen ORF8 sequences included for phyloge ̄
netic analysis were classified into two groupsꎬ 10 in
group Ⅰ and 6 in group Ⅱ (Fig. 1 ̄A) . Twenty ̄
nine ORF10 sequences included for phylogenetic
analysis were also clustered to two groupsꎬ 20 in
group Ⅰ and 9 in group Ⅱ (Fig. 1 ̄B) . To date
there has been no phylogenetic analysis was conduc ̄
ted with sequences of ORF8. The phylogenetic re ̄
sults of ORF10 were the same with previous re ̄
port[3] . SDZZ10 was clustered to group Ⅰ accord ̄
ing to the phylogenetic results of ORF8ꎬ but group
Ⅱ according to that of ORF10ꎬ indicating that
SDZZ10 was a natural reassortant.
    Because there are no more sequences of other
RBSDV ORFs available in the GenBankꎬ we can not
conduct phylogenetic analysis on other genes. How ̄
everꎬ as the case for ORF10ꎬ the ORF4 and ORF9 ̄2
of SDZZ10 shared higher nt identities with RBSDV ̄
Zjrꎬ SDZZ10 should be clustered into groupⅡaccord ̄
ing to phylogenetic results of ORF4 and ORF9 ̄2. And
753
 
植物病理学报 43 卷853
 
  4 期 YIN Xiao, et al.: Complete ORF Sequences of a Natural Rice black ̄streaked dwarf virus Reassortant from Maize in China
Fig. 1  Neighbor ̄joining tree of RBSDV isolate SDZZ10 and other RBSDV isolates
constructed with genomic sequences of ORF 8 (A) and ORF 10 (B)
The phylogenetic tree was subjected to 1 000 bootstrap tests. Branches with bootstrap values < 50% were collapsed.
Only bootstrap values > 70% were shown. Isolates are indicated in the tree by isolate name / accession number.
“ - ” indicates that no isolate name were available in the GenBank.
953
 
植物病理学报 43 卷
SDZZ10 might be clustered into group Ⅰ according
to ORF1ꎬ 2ꎬ ORF7 ̄1 and ORF 7 ̄2. These results
also supported the conclusion that SDZZ10 was a
natural reassortant.
Similar situation occurred for isolates Zhjꎬ JS ̄
LYG and JNi29ꎬ they were clustered to group Ⅱ ac ̄
cording to ORF8 and group Ⅰ according to ORF10.
If the more segments were included for analysisꎬ the
more reassortants would be revealed. The reassortant
nature of RBSDV genome may play great role in the
evolution and fitness of the virusꎬ such as resistance
breakingꎬ which is common for segmented viruses
including influenza[23] .
To dateꎬ SDZZ10 is the third RBSDV isolate
whose all ORFs sequences are reported[16ꎬ 17] . Hereꎬ
we also present the first evidence for existence of
natural RBSDV reassortant. The sequence informa ̄
tion presented here lay foundation for further evolu ̄
tionary and functional analyses of RBSDV genes.
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欢迎订阅«植物病理学报»
«植物病理学报»是中国植物病理学会主办的全国性学术刊物ꎬ“中国科技核心期刊”ꎮ 主要刊登
植物病理学各分支未经发表的专题评述、研究论文和研究简报等ꎬ以反映中国植物病理学的研究水平
和发展方向ꎬ推动学术交流ꎬ促进研究成果的推广和应用ꎮ
本刊现已被英国农业与生物技术文摘(CAB)、联合国粮农组织 AGRIS 等收录ꎮ 据«中国科技期
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