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作 者 ：何 丽,孙万仓*,曾秀存,武军艳,方 彦,刘自刚,赵彩霞,史鹏辉

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 2期 页码：280~286

关键词：油菜；气孔保卫细胞；周长；叶绿体数；种间杂种；

Keywords:rapeseed, stomatal guard cells, perimeter, chloroplast number, interspecific hybrid,

摘 要 ：以白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’、‘陇油9号’（AA,2n=20）,芥菜型油菜‘冬芥’(AABB,2n=36)，甘蓝型油菜‘vision’（AACC,2n=38）,种间杂种‘陇油7号’ב冬芥’、‘陇油9号’בvision’为试材,对其叶片气孔保卫细胞周长及叶绿体数目进行统计分析,探讨一种快速鉴定油菜种间杂种的简易方法,并用SSR标记法对气孔保卫细胞周长及叶绿体分界法可靠性进行进一步验证。结果显示:（1）油菜亲本及种间杂种气孔保卫细胞周长在不同叶片间变异程度接近,而同一叶片的气孔保卫细胞周长下部位变异程度较小。（2）不同类型油菜亲本及其种间杂种叶片气孔保卫细胞周长和叶绿体数存在明显的分界线,具体判定分界值为:周长<58.90 μm为白菜型油菜、周长58.90~75.83 μm为种间杂种F₁、周长>75.83 μm为甘蓝型或芥菜型油菜;叶绿体数10~12个为白菜型油菜、14~16个左右为杂种F₁、18~19左右为甘蓝型或芥菜型油菜。（3）随机选择经叶片气孔保卫细胞周长和叶绿体数分界特征值鉴定的油菜种间杂种单株40个,用SSR分子标记法对鉴定结果显示,有37个单株具有杂交种带型为真杂种,两种方法鉴定油菜真杂种的吻合率达97.5%。研究表明,白菜型、甘蓝型、芥菜型油菜及其种间杂种的叶片气孔保卫细胞周长及叶绿体存在特定的分界线值,据此可以方便有效地鉴定油菜种间杂种,即当植株气孔同时满足保卫细胞周长在 58.90~75.83 μm、叶绿体数在14~16个左右时,则可判定其为真杂种。

Abstract:By using Brassica campestris ‘Longyou 7’,‘Longyou 9’,‘winter juncea’ and Brassica napus ‘vision’ as materials,statistical analysis on stoma guard cell perimeter and chloroplast number were performed,SSR marker was used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number and measure perimeter in stomatal guard cells further.(1)The variation of stoma guard cell perimeter between parents and interspecific hybrid was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant.However,the variation was relatively similar at the down location in the same leaf.(2)Parents and interspecific hybrid had a clear dividing line for perimeter of stomatal guard cell at 58.90 μm,75.83 μm.The chloroplast number of ‘Longyou 7’ and ‘Longyou 9’ should be at the range of 10 to 12;the chloroplast number of ‘Longyou 9’בvision’,‘Longyou 7’בwinter juncea’ should be at the range of 14 to 16;the chloroplast number of ‘vision’ and ‘winter juncea’ should be at the range of 18 to 19.(3)The accuracy of this method for identification interspecific hybrid was 97.5% after SSR marker test.Obviously,there is a specific boundry between stomatal guard cells perimeter and chloroplast number of B.campestris,Brassica napus,‘winter juncea’ and their interspecific hybrid which can be used to identify interspecific hybrid.If guard cell perimeter is at the range of 58.90 to 75.83 μm,and at the same time chloroplast number is at the range of 14 to 16,the plant will be true hybrid.

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