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作 者 ：吴 静,成仿云*,张 栋

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 8期 页码：1551~1557

关键词：牡丹；正午；杂交；AFLP；杂种鉴定；

Keywords:tree peony, ‘High Noon’, cross, AFLP marker, identification of hybrid,

摘 要 ：2006~2011年间,该研究以‘正午’牡丹为亲本,分别与‘凤丹白’、紫斑牡丹、中原牡丹和日本牡丹进行正交与反交试验,并利用AFLP标记对部分杂交后代进行鉴定,旨在筛选与‘正午’亲和性强的杂交亲本,并开发杂种早期鉴定的分子标记技术,为牡丹种质资源的创新、育种效率的提高提供依据。结果显示:（1）以‘正午’为父本,‘凤丹白’为母本,每年都有一定的结实率,5年平均结实率为2.88粒/朵,说明二者具有一定的亲和性;紫斑牡丹为母本时,紫斑牡丹单株1、9与‘正午’的亲和性较高,结实率分别为29.17粒/朵、26.86粒/朵。（2）以‘正午’为母本,中原牡丹、日本牡丹为父本的38个杂交组合中,仅在4个组合内各获得1粒种子,表明‘正午’仅有极其微弱的育性。（3）从64对AFLP选择性引物组合中,筛选出9对引物进行扩增,结果鉴定出22株真杂种,其中多数（86.36%）为偏母本类型、少数（13.64%）为偏父本类型。根据上述结果以及牡丹偏母遗传的特点,推荐‘凤丹白’、紫斑牡丹单株1和9为母本与‘正午’杂交,渐进杂交应成为这类杂交的主要育种策略;以‘正午’为母本的杂交,需要更多的杂交组合来筛选适宜的亲本;AFLP标记技术可作为牡丹远缘杂交育种的必要技术环节,在杂种早期鉴定中具有重要作用。

Abstract:In order to select the cross-combinations with better compatibility,we made reciprocal crosses in this study between Paeonia×lemoinei ‘High Noon’ (HN) and P.ostii ‘Fengdanbai’ (FDB),22 P.rockii hybrids (RHs),29 cultivars of P.×suffruticosa Zhongyuan Group and Japan Group (SUFs) from 2006 to 2011.Meanwhile,AFLP markers were employed to identify early the nature of some offsprings from crosses of HN and RHs.Main results were as followed:(1)When HN was used as male parent,FDB as female parent was fertile annually,the average setting-seed ratio was 2.88 each flower in five years,showing they are compatibility in crossing,and the fertility in crosses RHs as female parent,1 and 9 of RHs have displayed more compatibility with higher setting-seed ratio,29.17 and 26.86 each flower,respectively.(2)When HN was used as female parent,all 38 cross combinations using SUFs as male parent were almost infertile as there were only 4 seeds harvested from 4 single combinations,which indicated a very weak fertility of HN.(3)From 64 pairs of AFLP primer combination 9 pairs of primers were screened for amplification to identify the nature of 22 offsprings from the cross.The results showed clearly they are all real hybrids,most of which (86.36%) for partial maternal type,a few (13.64%) for partial male parent type.According to the above results and the characteristics of matroclinal inheritance in tree peonies,we think that FDB,1 and 9 of RHs can be recommended as female parent for crossing and introgression should be the main breeding strategy in this type of cross,but,when HN was used as female parent,it is needed to test more combinations with other various cultivars to select suitable parents for the crosses ,and suggested that AFLP markers could be practiced as an essential step in peony breeding through distant crosses to play an important role in identifying hybrids early.

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