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作 者 ：潘春柳,邓志军,黄燕芬,黄雪彦,张占江,缪剑华,余丽莹*

期 刊 ：西北植物学报 2013年 8期 页码：1658~1664

关键词：绞股蓝；种子；萌发；休眠；

Keywords:Gynostemma pentaphyllum, seed, germination, dormancy,

摘 要 ：以采自广西金秀县的绞股蓝种子为研究材料,对其休眠原因、休眠类型及其破眠方法进行了研究,为绞股蓝种子繁殖提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明：（1）绞股蓝新采收成熟种子的生活力达91%,在10 ℃～35 ℃恒温和15 ℃/25 ℃变温中的发芽率均低于10%,新种子的生活力极显著大于发芽率,具有显著的休眠现象。（2）绞股蓝种皮不限制吸水,胚分化发育完全,离体胚发芽率为(78.0±4.8)%,且能够长成正常幼苗,说明绞股蓝种子的胚在离体条件下无休眠现象。（3）绞股蓝完整种子及其粉碎种子的水提液对白菜种子的萌发率、苗高及根长均有抑制作用,随水提液浓度增加抑制作用均显著增强,且粉碎种子的抑制作用较强;当粉碎种子的水提液浓度为5%时白菜种子萌发率、苗高、根长分别为18.0%、0.1 cm、0.1 cm,分别显著低于对照77.1%、97.3%、95.8%,说明绞股蓝种子的种皮和胚乳中存在水溶性萌发抑制物质,是绞股蓝种子休眠的主要原因。（4）GA₃和6-BA不能促进绞股蓝种子萌发,低温层积对绞股蓝种子休眠的解除具有促进作用;绞股蓝种子的休眠属于生理休眠类型,休眠水平属于中间型。（5）低温干藏能够打破绞股蓝种子休眠,是绞股蓝种子破除休眠及种子保存较为理想的方式。

Abstract:Germination characteristics,dormancy causes,dormancy types and methods of breaking dormancy of Gynostemma pentaphyllum seeds which were collected from Jinxiu county in Guangxi,were investigated in this paper,so as to provide scientific basis for the seed propagation of G.pentaphyllum.The results indicated that:（1）The viability of G.pentaphyllum freshly mature seeds was 91%,but when incubated at 10 ℃～35 ℃ constant temperature and 15 ℃/25 ℃ alternating temperature,germination percentages of them were less than 10%.The viability of freshly seed was significantly greater than the germination percentage,which indicated that there was obvious dormancy phenomenon in freshly collected G.pentaphyllum seeds.（2）G.pentaphyllum seed coat is water permeable,the embryo fully developed,the germination percentage of in vitro embryos was (78.0±4.8)%,and in vitro embryos could produce normal seedlings,which indicated that in vitro embryos of G.pentaphyllum seeds were non-dormant.（3）Water extract of whole seeds and crushed seeds had inhibitory activity on seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage.The inhibitory effect enhanced significantly with the increase of water extract concentration,and the inhibitory effect of crushed seeds was greater than that of whole seeds;When water extract of crushed seeds at a concentration of 5%,seed germination rate,height of seedling and root length of seedling of cabbage were only 18.0%,0.1 cm and 0.1 cm respectively,77.1%,97.3% and 95.8% lower than that of control.These indicated that there were water-soluble germination inhibitory substances in seed coat and endosperm of G.pentaphyllum,which was one of the main causes of seed dormancy.（4）GA₃ and 6-BA could not improve the germination of G.pentaphyllum seeds,but cold stratification could promote seed dormancy release.These results indicate that G.pentaphyllum seeds possess non-deep physiological dormancy.（5）Low-temperature dry storage was the best way for seed conservation of G.pentaphyllum,which could also break seed dormancy.

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