免费文献传递   相关文献

Foraging Behaviors and Growth Responses of Pinus massoniana Seedlings in the Heterogeneous Nutrient Environment with Different Nutrient Patches

马尾松苗遭遇不同养分斑块的觅养行为和生长响应



全 文 :!!
!"#$
!"##"$"%&"(#"###)$#*&*$#*
ž7ϟ ÐÑ+2y¡1¢+þY‘\“££
!¤¥
!
ia^
!
!
9
!
¦
!
j#"
!
!"#$%&()¦²b#$(*
"
€ ^î
!+""%###
45
!
PƒN
7*2
>~×jðWw
+
K»j×j9`T–íP3
"
zHsj×j9`T–íP3º=N
"
(¡7
þÿ—Œ
7*2
ðW×jTMº[»
&
WXYZ
$
¡7þÿ¤˜™^
2
>~×jðWî|Z’Ì.cÿT¨\>Å
@j¸x
"
b¤˜™^
7
ðWî¡7þÿ¨\RS~qNð
&
¡7þÿ¤—ŒðW
2
Ëof_jg>¨u
_jgUËN0³T8
"
˜™^
2
ËðWî¡7þÿ°ˆÄ›7¨
"
YV4YÄT°ˆùZg
*
YÕT—×:#
g>RSNð]
"
°ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßk¬Z’wÕ
%
¡7þÿ¤
7
ðWT»j×j9`!T°ˆùZgc
*
—×:#
g>RSNð]^
"
c°ˆqÇ©/ě7¨¾\Œ²DgYÚTðW
7
Ë
"
(°ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßk¬Y^
"
¶Z¡
7þ¤—Œ^
7
ðW×jof_jg>¨u_jgT8qZ’
%
¡7þÿ˜™~×jðWT¨\RS>
—×MºG˜™^
2
ðWîmT
&
678
!
¡7þ
%
»j×j9`
%
ðW×j
%
—×Mº
%
¨\TS
9:2;$
!.8&"9(%
!<=>?
!0
‘’“”
$ (##&$#+$(*
O•–v
$
"+|C%&O•–v
!+#)8"%(#%
"+#$,
&%(
–v
!(##*$%$)&#%
—˜™
(
"+%9š›[2
!(##*;06#"0"%#+#
žŸ 
$
¡Ø)
!"&+)#"
­
"
™5ô\i
"
¦§(¨
"
²³´µ#-‚ƒ‘J(
9
!©ªž
93$<=>?$kEkKMCjJ>IFD"*+9EM<
!/7*:.): _2H*6./7-*)@17/?3HW2-I/)-2-/0!-0(*:3**&0-303 #22@+.):-.)
3H2$2327/:2)2/9-O937.2)38)6.7/)K2)3?.3H5.00272)3O937.2)3(*34H2-
!"B(3?)%&" 9CKA9?$7?(%" 9C"=>P$" +*=>()T$%&
!HAIA=JEK -GIL>LCLAMF.CRLJM@>E=?,MJAILJN" OK>GAIA0E=PA=GB" OK>G=#
&=-37*43$0@MLAi@AJ>IL>GBMFLKJAAP>FAJAGLKALAJMBAGAJMCIGCLJ>AGLAGT>JMGBGAP" V>LK
KMAGLAGT>JMGFAJAGEAIMFFMJ=B>GBRAK=T>MJMF,$%(1601)%$0%0 LM7
=GP 2GCLJ>AGL@=LEKAI9SKAJAIC?LIIKMVAP LK=L,4601)%$0%0 AiK>R>LAP BJA=LAJIAAP?>GBBJMVLK" M<=II=E$
ECMG >G 2=GP VKM?AGCLJ>AGLKALAJMBAGAMCIAGT>JMG?A>LJAI@MGIAP CGIAGI>L>TA?NLMGCLJ>AGLKALAJMBA$
GAMCIAGT>JMGM?MB>E=?=GP E=?@?=IL>E>LN@?=NAP ><@MJL=GLJM?AIVKAG ,4601)%$0%0
=RIMJRAP GCLJ>AGL>G 2@=LEK V>LK @MMJ?>LN95MJAMTAJ" >G 2@=LEK" JMMLBJMVLK AiK>R>LAP IMIL>EI"
ICEK =IJMML@JM?>FAJ=L>MG" BJA=LAJJMMLIE=?A" K>BKAJ@JAE>I>MG =GP IAGI>L>T>LN" ><@JMTAL>MG AF>E>AGEN9/MVATAJ" >LIJMMLIE=?A" @JAE>I>MG =GP IAGI>L>T>LNVAJA?MVAJ>G 7@=LEK" VK>?AJMMLP>P GMLGAAP LM
@JM?>FAJ=LALM=EXC>JA7V>LK J>EK ?>LN" =GP 7=GP 2=RIMJ@L>MG AF>E>AGENVAJA=?IM?MV" VK>EK EMC?P >?C<>G=LA
LK=LJMML@KNI>M?MB>E=?=GP E=?@?=IL>E>LNK=P GMMRT>MCIAFAELIMG =EXC>J>GBGCLJ>AGLI>G 7$AGJ>EKAP
@=LEK9SKAFMJ=B>GBRAK=T>MJMF,4601)%$0%0 >G VKM?AGCLJ>AGL@=LEK V=II><>?=JV>LK >G 2KALAJMBAGAMCIGCLJ>AGL
AGT>JMG>2, ?/7@$,$%(1601)%$0%0% KALAJMBAGAMCIGCLJ>AGLAGT>JMGAGL% FMJ=B>GBRAK=T>MJ% BJMVLK JA$
I@MGIA
#!
$
!
%
!
&
!

!
( =
(+
>
!!
øŽ×j¤Ý"jZSàqh®T
"
edðW
õ»jjZ
+" ](,
&
|C!?t×jðWõjZT²
³PËÌÌ@TœÎ
*
øŽ~]
*
w¨@VD
*
|C
PËKiºVDw
++,
&
¶@ºXÄÅ]“\ŒðW
×j
"
opNqsT—×Mº>@W
"
bqs¶@O
Po¤—×@W>{qS‡¤…’¥‚ƒ[»
"
´
bgæN¶@¤»j×j9`!T¨‡>.š{
q
++ ]),
&
¶@¤»j×j9`!T—×Mº¦ñð
WøÖ×@ËKm
*
N]T’¥ST
++,
&
­
2K>?>@$
IMG
w
+*,
P3¢2
"
á•2A
!,$730 1$57?3%1$1!;MGB#
O=J9#
ÿ¤
7[
$
+
*7/
]
%
¿
2
ðW!Tš°h{Z’

& 6JAV
w
+8 ],

"7
ˤøŽ!Y
2
Ëy6
´
"
¶@¤\ŒðW!
7
Ëî
"
°ˆq›³R\Œ
2
Ëîě7¨
& QCw
+&,
UV23
!930 60E119#
¤\Œ
2
ðW×jî~ñðWÄcST
"
ðW&Ä
"
c°ˆ
2
¡›>¶Z¨@¸x›&Ä
& Z=EKIMG
w
+"#,
P3YZ
"
„§
!"&2)GE2)% 831325)2(6!,>IEK9#
.EKC?L9#
稰ˆ=
7
ðWYVNð
"
=
2
ðWR
S~qNð
&
¡7þ
!,$%(1601)%$0%0 1=àC"3f
X²³TúøY#>%$QÏâK
"
vSgó
*
¨¬b
"
ùú8iYß
*
‰›>7[w
"
(=8Q>ß
X./ºv/
"
hmŒ]Ne–0ÄpX
&
Ži3
f}“_#øŽŠ
2
+
7
È0(Õ]»j
"
h€&
N¡7þ=»j×j9`TvSg(
"
WXYZ
c¤»j×j9`!RSNð
"
¨\YVô»
"
¿ï
°¤^×ðW!ě7¨>=Ö×@ËTÕßµ
‘
+"",
"
û¯»Jt_#øŽ!²³×j@ËTjZ
xg
"
HKâK=qs×jðWTvSg[»
&
Í
£©/n‰
7*2
K~×j
!7*2*Q#
T»j
b
sj×
j9`
"
HL˜ê(¡7þ˜™qsxg×jð
WîT¨\RSxg>[»
"
´bº2ØHwÕ¡
7þ—×{q>#j¨éqT/#×Ø
!
#“’ˆ
>غw
#
wx%&uyz{
&
"!
()*+,
A9AB
BCJK
78h4¤»j×j9`!—×{qYóT¡7
þùáœ^Kl
+"",
ºP3QÏ
"

7*2
qs@ËT
»j
b
sj×j9`€&–íP3
&
–íOjŒ!"
#%)¦²b#$(*;}T¨g!)Ž
"

@j¡›º
*9"" B-WB
]"
"
~
7
>~
2
¡›j5º
#9+%*#9++ B-WB
]"
"

7*
Ìß
Q
>Ìß
2
¡›j5
º
+#9&8*((#9**)9() ]" ]"
"@/
Ù
%9%8&
A9CB
~]
b
Ñ]+2VW¤”‘¥¦@A
P3¤!"#%)¦²b#$(*23Äç
øLM
&
<8S>ø—
(" E<*
¯>ø—
")9) E<*
Õ
((9) E<
TÖמº–íZz
&
.8ÈÅ/;
N!¨g)Ž
"
Mj›[
+a"
G¡Ÿ¢­Bº
n‰»j
b
sj×j9`T[Oj
&
¤–íZz
S> ‘
) E<
²TS-[Ojºª«øŽÖ×

"
ºí¶ÿ-8
"
b–íZz¯ä~jprwT
Wäj
"
º»
5MC
w
+"(,
P3(fK
"
MY
"
¤O
j!˜·gؕ¡¨©
*
/+¨¢>¹ì§
"
Hn‰
7*2
K~×j
!7*2*Q#
T»j
b
sj×j9`
&
–
íZz¯äWïj58ó]YóTÝ5£ø
"
H
‰‘×j¤Wï"TMTK°ˆT¤(
!

"#&
¡
7þi
(##8
ã
+
€
")
“¼K
"%
€
"+
“ñÿ²¶
&
¤?–Zz|!²¶ñÿ
(
Z
"
pVNÝ­
"
Z
&
?FP3ªuíK
(#
–
!
œ0_
(#
·
#"
[a
#
–
&
ÿ-M| ul˜7‘
&

"!
–íP3Pa
!
ïa
#
F
AB
¤”ÐÑ+2y¡.§¨1
O&(&>
©ñ
]"
×jðW
»j×j9`
^×ðW
7 2 Q
!×ðW
7 2 Q
sj×j9`
0
ï
7 2 Q
;
ï
7 2 Q
7
ðW
!/3S$7# "## "() 8) # "() 8)
2
ðW
!/3S$2# )# ()# 8) )# # 8) )# "() 8) )# "() 8)
~×jðW
!/3S$Y# "## ()# ")# # # #
AJDB
@A?u‘Ô=Ç·
(##8
ã
""
€S³‘&
qsªu?@<Œ
"#
Z¨\|T–íÿ-
"
¤V›ÿÕN
"
8¿D|–
íZzœpWÂ
"
ÿQÆÇZzWï!T°ˆzj
&*
=)
” ¡Ø)w
$
¡7þÿ˜™qs×jðWT—×Mº>¨\TS
58šv¥ë>/0
"
8•,Ä
H3\37S
"#¨é
H/-l[2JM.S6"*## 4
o°ˆjˆ`
"
j5Væ
ZzWïT°ˆ¨\ºu
"
€°9*
°Yo¸
*
°ˆRhl—>°T¸w
"
zM°ˆl—
.
-
#9)
<<*#9) <-
" <<*.s" <<+
Fw%j5a
Vc°9*
°Yo¸>°T¸w
&
CN|•ÿj

*
ñ
*
½
+
äj
"
m
"#) ^
ÖD
+# <>G"# ^

˜=j›
"
VæpäjTÅ@j›
&
–íZz¯ä
WïT°ˆj€VæÅ@j›
&
XNVæ(½>–
íZz¯äWﰈT
7*2
N]>¡›
&
j58
N
/
(
.[
%
$/O?[
%
™¦
$
§¨¨[xg
*
ò˜æ—gV
æ(½>°ˆT
7*2
¡›
+"+ ]"%,
&
A9XB
©ò23
78°ˆùZg
*
RSNð]>—×:#g
+
F
ºu¶Z¶Z¤»j×j9`!T°ˆof_j
g
+"),
"
c!°ˆùZg¶Z¤^×ðW!T°ˆ
Å@j›KcjZ
"
8øT!°ˆT9¨@›¾Y

+"*,
%
RSNð]
!@#
¶@¨\=Ìß×jÝ"»
jg4RST{q
"
8»j>sj×j9`!9Å
@j›T[ÙY
+"8 ]",
%
—×:#g°ˆ|CA
—^×ðWT{q
"
8
!
^×ðW!š°Å@j›
]
!×ðW!š°Å@j›
#b
š°9¨@›Y
+"8,
&
°ˆ¨u_jg~H°ˆ×jµ‘ßk>×j¡›
¾8›
+"&,
"
c!×jµ‘ßkº¨éY¿Å@j¶
Z×jTµ‘›
+(#,
&
P3u{h78
.0.
FG!
T
\15
4×LMf[jK’¥gU3
&
(!
-.*/0
C9AB
ÐÑ+2y¡õöpž7Ï\“‘ÙN]
tSP1¢£
¡7þ¤
7
ðW
!/3S$7# *2
ðW
!/3S$2# *
~×jðW
!/3S$Y#
ªuT»j×j9`!K
¤sj×j9`
!/[5#
!ÿÕ¨\›>Å@j
¸x›‡¤[»
!

(# &
¡7þ¤»j×j9`
!ÿÕ¨\›YÕ
"
ûh¤
2
ðW>~×jðW
T»j×j9`![»’¥
"
H
2
ðWîÿÕ¨
\YVXºB4
&
mTiÿÕ¨"
¡7þ¤
2
Ë>~×jðWxSîÅ@j¸x›¬’¥Õ
isj×j9`KÓÌ
7
ðWT»j×j9`
!

(# "
cYZÅ@j¸x›j5[sj×j9

"(9##:
>
(*%9#+:&
a˜P3WXL˜
ê¢2N(Aü”‡i¡7þ=»j9`Õ
]Nð
*
¨\YVô»T(Wy
+"",
%
G
2
Ëq
s
"7
Ëy¤øŽ!²D
"
]¡7þÿ˜™
7
ð
Wî¨\RSqNð
"
c¨\YVGsj9`[
»qÄ
"
Ž˜*̯œ
&
áoSrsGþYªu"¤
#9#)
QRS[»q’¥
"
qsGþY[»’¥
"
¯s
&

(!
qs×jðWªu¯¡7þÿÕ¨\›>Å@j¸x›
!!
¤qs×jðW9`ªu¯
"
¡7þÿÅ@jT
j*t¬ÌZ’[»
&
¤
2
ðW>~×jðWT
»j×j9`!¡7þj˜“¯äjT[XYc
"
j58~ZÅj›T
(9&:
>
((9(#:%
b¤ÓÌ
7
ðWT»j×j9`!“¯äj*8[XYÕ
"
¶Z
]
7
Ëd»jgjZî
"
аˆjT¨@›7•
&
CJCB
ÐÑ+2y¡1~]+2VW9ž7Ϫ
T«L1¬­0
(9(9"!
ƈÇ^n
!

+
YZ
$
¡7þ°ˆ¤
+
K
qs×jT^×ðW!hÌ7¨
"
)H¤^
2
ðW
!T°ˆ7¨X’¥
"
c!°9\>š°Å@j›
j5[!
2
ðWÕ
("9*:
>
"&*9*:&
L˜êj
UV
"
l—-
#9) <<
Tš°¤^
2
ðW!7¯X
Ä
!

%#&
¡7þ¤~×jðW!T°ˆ7¨G¤
^
2
ðW!mT
%
Cb¡7þ°ˆ¤^
7
ðW!¥
ÌZ’T7¨V•
"
c°9*
°Yo¸K°T¸h
Y!
7
ðW*Ì7•
&
&&*
#!
$
!
%
!
&
!

!
( =
(+
>

+!
qs×jðWªu¯¡7þÿT°ˆºu[»

%!
qs×jðW»j×j9`T^×ðW>!
×ðW!¡7þÿqs—%°ˆTjZ
(9(9(!
ƈȖɂ…<ÊmËÌn
!

)
’
$
¡7þ°ˆ˜™~×jðW>
2
ðWîRSNð]

"
Nð]Ùj5Õl
+9+
>
(9"("
b˜™
7
ð
WîNð]*^
"
Nð]Ù^i
"&
¡7þ°ˆ=
^
2
ðWT—×:#gXÕ
"
º
#9)&"
=^
7
ðW
T—×:#gX^
"

#9#&)&
[Y°ˆùZg
*
—×:#g>RSNð]"T‡ˆ
"
UV˜ž"T
YVO͘$
"
œ¡7þ¤˜™
2
ËðW>~×j
ðWîYV4YÄT°ˆùZg
*
YÕT—×:#
g>RSNð]
"

7
ËðW!°ˆùZgc
*
—
×:#gKRSNð]^
&

)!
¡7þÿ°ˆ=qs×jðW»j×j9`T
RSNð]>—×:#g
CJDB
ÐÑ+2y¡1~]+2VW9ž7Ïp
O&(
1üu
(9+9"!
·¸m$gÍeÎ7m$±²RÏ;
7!2
¼½hÐÑÒÓ
!
¶Z¤˜™×jðWî
"
«N©/°ˆof_jg
"
°ˆ>½Dµ‘{
qT5ì¤\ŒðW×jS¬tN0³8
&
Y
(
YZ
$
¡7þ¤
7
ðWªuT»j×j9`
!¡7þÿ(½
7
¡›YÕ
! ")9+#) 8 B
]"
# "
[sj×j9`Õ
&9%%:"
û(½
2
¡›
##8
=)
” ¡Ø)w
$
¡7þÿ˜™qs×jðWT—×Mº>¨\TS
’¥^ic‹×jðW
!#9++( ( ]"
# "
h
ºsj×j9`T
+)9%:%
¡7þ¤
2
ðW>~
×jðWªuT»j×j9`!(½
7*2
¡›
Gsj×j9`r[Yc
"
*Ì7•¿Bc
&
G

7*2
¡›T5ìKbqs
"
]¡7þÿ˜™
^
2
>~×jðWªuîc(½T
7*2
µ‘ß
kYÕ
"
c!¤Ó~×jðWT»j9`!(½
F
CB
ÐÑ+2y¡1~]+2VW9ž7f
®
O&(
—PHIüu¯l
ðWªu
×j¡›
b!]"
#
7 2
µ‘ßk
b:
7 2
/3S$7 ")9+#) 8= #9++( (R %9)8" &R #9#& "E
/3S$2 "(9&"% &=R #9&*% )= "89"%( )= "9+"* %=R
/3S$Y "#988) #R "9(# 8= "*9&%( = (9#) +=
/[5 "+9&) *= #9&+ 8= 898&( "R #9*#" + RE
’¥gQR
#9#"+ * #9##( & #9### ) #9##% %
2
µ‘ßkYsj9`Õ
(9%8
Ó
&
¡7þ¤˜™^
7
ðWîP°ˆ7¨qZ’$Ì(½T
7*2
µ‘ß
k¬Yc
"
hj5º^
2
ðWªuT
(*98:
>
89):&
(9+9(!
·¸m$gÍÎ7m$±²eÔmgÍ<
ÕmgÍRƈ
7!2
¼½<ÐÑÒÓ
!
P3WX
!
Y
+#
YZ
$
¡7þ¤qs×jðW»j×j9`
T^×ðW!°ˆT
7
¡›qhZ’“Õi!×ð
W
"
b(¬Z’“Õisj×j9`
"
û°ˆ
2
¡›
¤^×ðW>!×ðW"T[»~qZ’
&
L˜ê
jYZ
$
¤pKqs×jðWT»j×j9`!
¡7þ°ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßk•qs4]“Õisj
×j9`
"
c!¤ÓÌ
2
ðW>~×jðWT»j
×j9`!XÕ
"
Gsj×j9`[Y
"
)žT°ˆ
7
µ‘ßkj5Õ4
(+9:
>
)%98:"2
µ‘ßk
j5Õ4
""(9&:
>
+9+:&
F
DB
ÐÑ+2y¡~]+2VW1°+y¡‘±+y¡9¥ž7ϪT
O&(
—PHüu¯l
ðWªu
×j¡›
b!]"
#
7
^×ðW
!0
ï
#
!×ðW
!;
ï
#
2
^×ðW
!0
ï
#
!×ðW
!;
ï
#
µ‘ßk
b:
7
^×ðW
!0
ï
#
!×ðW
!;
ï
#
Ba
2
^×ðW
!0
ï
#
!×ðW
!;
ï
#
Ba
/3S$7 ""9(*( &R )9*%" "E #9*88 "= #9*(8 #= "9%* "R #9*%& (R (9""8 +R #9#8 E #9#8( )=R #9"*# +R
/3S$2 "+9+)" "= &9*() %= #98*& %= #9*)8 )= )9%* 8= "9"*8 %= *9*+* "= #9+(+ #= #9#* =R #9%#& =
/3S$Y "+9*+" &= *9(( RE #98)% %= #9*&( (= (9#)" )R #9&8& #=R +9#+# )R #9(%8 *=R #9"#) += #9+)( &=
/[5 *9%#" 8E 89)+8 *R #98"& )= #9*8 *= "9"() "R #9++ =R "9&) &R #9"%) *RE #9#%* &R #9"&( )R
’¥gQR
q#9### " q#9### " #9&+" " #9" 8 q#9### " #9""( + q#9### " #9##( #9"*% ( #9##( #
+!
-1*21
ü”(h¢2
"
¡7þ=ÓÌ
7*2*Q
~×j
ðWT»j×j9`¨\RSNð
"
c²³©/¤
^×ðW!¿ï°Tě7¨K=
7*2*Q
w@Ë
TÌßµ‘¾wÕc=ðW×jT.8{q
"
Lb
wÕc¤»j×j9`!T¨\›>Å@j¸x
›
+"",
&
Í£¢2NS-P3WX
"
z¤èO¹S
"
L˜êN¡7þ=
7
Ë>
2
Ë»j×j9`
TvSgRS>—×Mº[»
&
WXYZ
"
¡7þ
ÿ˜™^
2
ðWî¨\RSœºNð
"
ÓÌYÄT
ÿÕ¨\›>Å@j¸x›
"
b¡7þÿ˜™^
7
ðWî¨\RSqNð
"
Gsj×j9`[Ycÿ
Õ¨\›>Å@j¸x›¥ÌZ’Tôj
&
¨ëj
YZ
"
¡7þÿ˜™^
7
>^
2
ðWî—×Mº
[»*Ä
&
]¡7þÿ˜™^
2
ðWîc¿ï°Ä
›7¨
"
°9*
°Yo¸>°T¸w°ˆof/
’¥“Õisj×j9`>c‹ªuT»j×j9
`
"
YV4YÄT°ˆùZg
*
YÕT—×:#g>
RSNð]
"
°ˆof_jg¤¡7þÿ—Œ^
2
ðW×j!•UËN0³8
&
]¡7þÿ˜™^
7
ðWîc¿ï°7¨qZ’
"
°ˆùZgc
*
—×
:#g>RSNð]^
& 6JAV
w
+8 ],
UV
"7
ˤ
øŽ![
2
Ëy6´
"
*H¶@¤\ŒðW!T
7
Ëî
"
°ˆq›³R\Œ
2
Ëîě7¨
&
¤Í£
!
"
¡7þÿ°ˆ¤
7
Ë^×ðW!z¯4VZ’

"
°ˆof_jg
*
RSNð]>—×:#g•
Y^
"
aG
6JAV
wTWy™B
&
jcQP
"

aG
2
@ˤøŽ!Txġ
& 2
@ˤøŽ!
qy²D°$
2
ËðWÔcÚæ
"
b¡7þÿ»i
l°gâK
"
¿ï°qUl
"
°ˆ®³µ‘øŽ!T
2
Ë
"
Ç¿¤
2
ËðWøě©ª°ˆ
&
b
7

¤øŽ!Y
2
@Ëy²D
"
(yjÎT‹
"
q¶@°
ˆq›³Ä›7¨œ_\Œ
7
Ë
&
P3¦YZ
"
¡7þ˜™^
2
>~×jðWî
"
c°ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßk]tNZ’wÕ
"
°ˆ¨u_
jg]tNZ’7ó
"
­˜™^
2
ðWî¡7þ°
ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßkj5à!
2
ðWT
%9*
Ó>
+98(
"#8
#!
$
!
%
!
&
!

!
( =
(+
>
Ó
&
[Yb·
"
¡7þ¤ÓÌ
7
ðWT»j×j9
`!K¤c^
7
ðW!T°ˆ
7*2
µ‘ßk•Y
^
"
¶Z¡7þ¤˜™^
7
ðW¨u_jg
¬Yc
&
¡7þÿ˜™ÓÌ
7*2*Q
~×jðWî
¨\RSG˜™^
2
ðWîs„’¥
"
)žT—×
Mº¬rT
&
L˜êjYZ
"
¡7þÿ°ˆ¤
2
Ë>~×jðW!qh=
2
ËTµ‘ßkYÕ
"
=
7
˵‘ßk¬Õi
7
Ë^×ðW
"
‹V_{à
2
ˤ~×jðW!tN²³8
&
Í£=¡7þÿ—Œ
7*2
ðW×jTMº
*
@W
>—×{qLMNˆ`(
"
¡7þ=
2
ËðW
Nð]Õ
*
vSgó
"
¨\ßZ’¥
&
°{Í£P3
WXK¡7þ•#Ø8+º{Z’7éTWy
+(",
"
¤¨é!S•ó,äØ8+ºH7•øŽ
2
ËTÝ
"»jg
"
wÕ¡7þ=
2
ËT.8ßk>#j¨é
q
&
¡7þ=
7
ËðWRSNð]Y^
"
¤
7
ËðW
!T¨\ßZq­sj9`
&
a¶Z¤¨é!S•
ó#“’ˆ>h®Øº
"
HBc#“
7
ËT»jg
"
wÕ¡7þT
7
ËÖ×ßk>¨\ßZ
&
âK\Œ
ðW×jTMº>{q
"
«NGðWxg
!
Ö×@Ë
KmKÖ×@Ë9TxSõŠ
#
̇
"
ðWÄc
*
ð
WÊ"Ìný®HK
7
ðW!¡f—>©f—[X
w=âKT—×Mº>{q•ÌST
+((,
"
=¡7þ

"
̇afoT(š›L˜ê•ó
&
Z[!<
!
+", /MPBA09SKA@?=IL>E@?=GL$ JMMLJAI@MGIAILMKALAJMBAGAMCIIC@@?>AI
MFGCLJ>AGLI+Z,97AV2KNLM?MB>IL" (##%""*($ & ](%
+(,
Ыö
"
¬­#
9
øŽ!—Ö×ð(L&
+Z,9
Å©“Ì$
(
"(##+" ("!(#$ %) ]%&
++,
Тp
"
429
9
øŽ×jÝ"»jgG¶@—×T—eRS
+Z,9
S8¨f&
" (##%"")!*#$"#*+ ]"#*
+%, \AMJBA3" ;AL>G=." OKJ>ILM@K ." 350/9HAI@MGIAMF,$730" ,$%(1
=GP ,13(8)51(&0 JMMLILMKALAJMBAGAMCIGCLJ>AGLP>ILJ>RCL>MG >G IM>?
+Z,9SJAA2KNI>M?MBN""&&8" "8$ +& ]%)
+), /C=GLA2" H>GEwG 3" OK=@>G ,.9,MJ=B>GBFMJGCLJ>AGLI" JAI@MGIAI
LMEK=GBAI>G ?>BKL" =GP EM<@AL>L>MG >G LJM@>E=?PAE>PCMCILJAAIAAP$
?>GBI+Z,9[AEM?MB>=" "&&"""8$(#& ]("*
+*, 2K>?>@IMG ZZ" OMCLI529SKA>GF?CAGEAMF<>GAJ=?GCLJ>L>MG MG LKA
JMMLPATA?M@
9SKAAFAELMFI@AE>F>EGCLJ>AGLA?AMG LKABJMVLK MF>GP>T>PC=?JMMLIMF.>LW=I@JCEA+Z,9ZMCJG=?3i@AJ>$
+8, 6JAV5O" .=WAJ1H" 0IK?ANSY97CLJ>AGLIC@@?N=GP LKABJMVLK
MFLKAIA<>G=?JMMLINILA<>G R=J?AN+Z,9ZMCJG=?3i@AJ>GN" "&8+"(%$""& ](##(
+, 6JAV5O9OM<@=J>IMG MFLKAAFAELMF=?ME=?>kAP IC@@?NMF@KMI$
@K=LA" G>LJ=LA" =<C<=GP @ML=II>C$
G=?JMMLINILA<" =GP LKAIKMML" >G R=J?AN+Z,97AV2KNLM?MB>IL"
"&8)" 8)$%8& ]%&#
+&, QCN=7" f=GMQ9/ALAJMBAGA>LN>G I@=L>=?2$P>ILJ>RCL>MG
=GP FMJ=B>GBE=@=R>?>LNRN930 60E1$ 3FAELIMF@=LEK I>kA=GP R=J>$
AJILMJAILJ>ELJMML@JM?>FAJ=L>MG V>LK>G =@=LEK+Z,90GG=?IMF;ML=GN"
(##*"&$"(8" ]"(88
+"#, Z=EWIMG H;"O=?PVA?559SKAL><>GB=GP PABJAAMFJMML@JM?>FAJ$
=L>MG >G FAJL>?A$IM>?<>EJMI>LAIFMJLKJAAEM?P$PAIAJL@AJAGG>=?I+Z,9
[AEM?MB>=""&&" "$"%& ]")+
+"",
Ð
!
Þ
"
Qðt
"
•"¢
9
¡7þKl¤»j×j9`!T—×
Mº(
+Z,9
¨f&
" (##8" (8!%#$"+)# ]"+)
+"(, 5MC 2" 5>LEKA?HZ"ZMGAIH/9HMMLP>ILJ>RCL>MG MFLVMLJAAI@A$
E>AICGPAJ=KALAJMBAGAMCIGCLJ>AGLAGT>JMGAP 3EM?$
MBN" "&&8" +%$*%) ]*)*
+"+,
!"øŽ&YÌ$ì&[$U¯Y
9
øŽÌ$ì&Kj
+5,9
56
$
%&4ÍÏ
""&%
+"%, 1fbS"(8" ]"&&&
_#øŽjg
+.,
+"), 0=GPAJCP lS";?APIMAO."H>EK=JPIZ/9OMGLJ>RCL>MG MFJA?=L>TA
BJMVLK J=LALMJMMLFMJ=B>GB=GGC=?=GP @AJAGG>=?BJ=IIAIFMJ$
FMJG>=M=W VMMP+Z,9[AEM?MB>=" (##+""+*$%(% ]%+#
+"*, Y>UAI>GBKA6Q"ZMKG 03";ACJIWAGI."350/9HMMLINILAkA=GP
@JAE>I>MG >G GCLJ>AGLFMJ=B>GB$ HAI@MGIAILMI@=L>=?@=LAJG MFGCLJ>$
AGLIC@@?N>G I>iKAJR=EAMCII@AE>AI+Z,9SKAZMCJG=?MF3EM?MBN"
(##"" &$&8( ]&+
+"8, 3>GI<=GG ZO"ZMGAIH/"5MC 2" 350/97CLJ>AGLFMJ=B>GBLJ=>LI>G
"# EM$MEECJ>GB@?=GLI@AE>AIMFEMGLJ=IL>GB?>FAFMJZMCJG=?MF3EM?MBN""&&&" 8$*#& ]*"&
+", Y>UAI>GBKA6Q"/CLEK>GBI5Z9SKAAFAELIMFI@=L>=?IE=?AMFAGT>$
JMGLNMG LKABJMVLK MF=E?MG=?@?=GL$ 0G Ai@AJ>$
LK >/37?)60 ?38320730 +Z,9ZMCJG=?MF3EM?MBN"
"&&8" )$"8 ](
+"&, Z=EWIMG H;"2MEW<=G YS"/MF<=GG Y09SKAILJCELCJAnFCGE$
L>MG MFJMMLINILAJA,-"_=?=P=JAI,9/=GPRMMW MF
FCGEL>MG=?@?=GLAEM?MBN97AVfMJW$ 5=JEA?6AEWAJ?GE9""&&&"
"&) ]((#
+(#,
E
!
a
"
ÉÜ®
"
¡”¢
"
w
9
qsA-Õgˆ+ËxgT[Y
+Z,9
¶@¨f&
" (##*"+#!*#$"##) ]"#""
+(",
¦
!
”
"
Qðt
"
Ώ^
"
w
9
¡7þôJKl=+ºT¨\R
S>ºßv$g
+Z,9
#$%&
" (##8"%+!"##$ *% ]8#
+((,
Î
!
!
"
ÐNU
"
öðó
9
—Ëofªu¯Q¶à•ÿ×jµ
‘.8G¨\K×jjG¨@›jT‡ˆ
+Z,9
¨f&

" (##)"()!*#$ "(( ]"(&#
(#8