免费文献传递   相关文献

Spatial Variation of Litter Mass for Pure Plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Liupan Mountains

六盘山华北落叶松人工纯林枯落物储量的空间变异分析*


在六盘山南侧设置2个20 m×20 m的华北落叶松人工林样地,研究枯落物储量的空间分布。结果表明:枯落物储量空间差异明显,2个样地的枯落物储量平均值为1.80和1.68 kg·m-2,最大值为2.96和2.71 kg·m-2,最小值为0.35和0.34 kg·m-2,最大和最小值的比值变化在8~9之间; 在不考虑测点空间位置及取样间距的情况下,2个样地枯落物储量的变异系数为0.41和0.56; 枯落物储量的空间分布受空间结构性和随机性的多种因素影响,其中林地微地形能解释枯落物储量空间变异的56%,局部洼地利于更多枯落物堆积;2个样地枯落物储量的空间分布函数曲线的理论模型均符合球状模型,且空间自相关程度较大; 当以95%的置信区间准确估计华北落叶松林样地的枯落物储量时,最小取样数量为9个1 m×1 m的样方。

The spatial distribution of litter mass on forest floor was in detail investigated in two 20 m×20 m sample plots of a pure plantation of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the southern side of Liupan Mountains of the Northwest China. It was shown that there was an obvious spatial variation of litter mass. The mean litter mass for the two plots was 1.80 and 1.68 kg·m-2, the maximum values were 2.96 and 2.71 kg·m-2, and the minimum values were 0.35 and 0.34 kg·m-2, respectively. The ratio of maximum to minimum values varied in a range of 8~9. Without considering the spatial location and distance of sampling points, the variation coefficient of litter mass was 0.41 and 0.56 for the two plots. This uneven spatial distribution of the litter mass was influenced by many factors, such as the spatial structural factors and random factors. The micro-landform was able to interpret 56% of this spatial variation, which meant that a low-lying landform was more favorable for litter accumulation. The rest spatial variation of litter mass had to be interpreted by other factors. A geo-statistic analysis showed that the semivariograms of litter mass in the two plots were best described by a spherical model, with a moderate spatial self-correlation. For a more accurate estimation of litter mass on forest floor of L. principis-rupprechtii plantation, a minimum sampling amount of 9 sample plots of 1 m×1 m is required with a confidence interval of 95%.

 


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % #$ # %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1#
&234*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % #
+,-./012345&60789:
;<=>?@"
! "5 #$%5 & ’5 ()*5 + ’$ # ,6 -./5
A51 BC&’()DEFG&HIJKLMNDEO CP&’QG&HIJKRSTUV /W 5%%%#5X
$1 YZ[)\]LJK)F R^ !%%758X61 _/&’[)&)F ‘ab 5"%%!%c
! "# d+,-Zefg $h $% 9 : $% 9:./01234&ij*DE60789:;60789;ps*$hij:60789tuvw 51;%x 518; <=y9>$*z[vw $1#8x$175 <=y9>$*z
{vw %16"x %16! <=y9>$*z[xz{v:|v=}d ; ? #~$hij60789:=>,-w %1!5x %1"8X60789:;9B&j:j;<=>60789;<=>: "8@*Q?@jABC3607DEX$hij60789:;<
?kF-GH:IJKLuMNOPKL*Q;ij:60789‘*z{’i-9w #h 5 9 : 5 9:ial
$%&q ./012X60789X;<=>Xjb_)acX+,-
’()*+#&7$71$5 ,-./0#, ,12+#5%%5 > 7!;;3$%%#4%# > %%%5 > %"
def#q$%%; > %! > 57l
ghijqCPRk()ghijA!%76%865*!%875%6;*6%875877cX(l?mnopq(lrs_tijuvA$%%8A,B%6,5;%6cX(l?(
DFOwxyzDE{iA$%%!B(A6C5%$cl
"|}w~!"#l
!"#$%#& ’#(%#$%)* )+ ,%$$-( .#// +)( 01(- 0&#*$#$%)* )+ !"#$%
&#$’($&$)D #*&&#+(,-$$ %* $2- ,%1"#* .)1*$#%*/
E/ F2G5 HIJ= KIJLMG5 NG/J= H2G5 KM O2J=PI/5 OIJ H2G$ HIJ= CGJ=6 NM -GL/J=5
A51 !"# $%&’(%)’(# ’* +’(",) -.’/’0# %12 -134(’15"1) ’* 6)%)" +’(",)(# 725414,)(%)4’1 81,)4)9)" ’* +’(",) -.’/’0#*-134(’15"1)
%12 :(’)".)4’1*;7+ <"4=4105%%%#5X$1 ;’//"0" ’* >",’9(.", %12 -134(’15"1)*6’9)?@",) A143"(,4)# ;?’10B410 !%%758X
61 ;’//"0" ’* +’(",)(#*C’()?"%,) +’(",)(# A143"(,4)# D%(&41 5"%%!%c
34/$(#5$q +L2 Q3IPGI0 RGQPSGTMPG/J /U 0GPP2S 9IQQ /J U/S2QP U0//S VIQ GJ R2PIG0 GJW2QPG=IP2R GJ PV/ $% 9 : $% 9 QI9302 30/PQ /U I
3MS2 30IJPIPG/J /U $%(4E F(41.4F4,D (9FF(".?)44 GJ PL2 Q/MPL2SJ QGR2 /U -GM3IJ E/MJPIGJQ /U PL2 */SPLV2QP ’LGJI1 (P VIQ QL/VJ PLIP
PL2S2 VIQ IJ /TWG/MQ Q3IPGI0 WISGIPG/J /U 0GPP2S 9IQQ1 +L2 92IJ 0GPP2S 9IQQ U/S PL2 PV/ 30/PQ VIQ 51;% IJR 518; <=y9> $*PL2
9IXG9M9 WI0M2Q V2S2 $1#8 IJR $175 <=y9> $*IJR PL2 9GJG9M9 WI0M2Q V2S2 %16" IJR %16! <=y9> $*S2Q32YPGW20Z 4 +L2 SIPG/
/U 9IXG9M9 P/ 9GJG9M9 WI0M2Q WISG2R GJ I SIJ=2 /U ; ? # 4 HGPL/MP Y/JQGR2SGJ= PL2 Q3IPGI0 0/YIPG/J IJR RGQPIJY2 /U QI930GJ=
3/GJPQ*PL2 WISGIPG/J Y/2UUGYG2JP /U 0GPP2S 9IQQ VIQ %1!5 IJR %1"8 U/S PL2 PV/ 30/PQ 4 +LGQ MJ2W2J Q3IPGI0 RGQPSGTMPG/J /U PL2 0GPP2S
9IQQ VIQ GJU0M2JY2R TZ 9IJZ UIYP/SQ*QMYL IQ PL2 Q3IPGI0 QPSMYPMSI0 UIYP/SQ IJR SIJR/9 UIYP/SQ 4 +L2 9GYS/D0IJRU/S9 VIQ IT02 P/
GJP2S3S2P "8@ /U PLGQ Q3IPGI0 WISGIPG/J*VLGYL 92IJP PLIP I 0/VD0ZGJ= 0IJRU/S9 VIQ 9/S2 UIW/SIT02 U/S 0GPP2S IYYM9M0IPG/J4 +L2 S2QP
Q3IPGI0 WISGIPG/J /U 0GPP2S 9IQQ LIR P/ T2 GJP2S3S2P2R TZ /PL2S UIYP/SQ 4 , =2/DQPIPGQPGY IJI0ZQGQ QL/V2R PLIP PL2 Q29GWISG/=SI9Q /U
0GPP2S 9IQQ GJ PL2 PV/ 30/PQ V2S2 T2QP R2QYSGT2R TZ I Q3L2SGYI0 9/R20*VGPL I 9/R2SIP2 Q3IPGI0 Q20UDY/SS20IPG/J4 F/S I 9/S2 IYYMSIP2
2QPG9IPG/J /U 0GPP2S 9IQQ /J U/S2QP U0//S /U $ 4 F(41.4F4,D (9FF(".?)44 30IJPIPG/J*I 9GJG9M9 QI930GJ= I9/MJP /U # QI9302 30/PQ /U
5 9 : 5 9 GQ S2[MGS2R VGPL I Y/JUGR2JY2 GJP2SWI0 /U #"@ 4
6-7 8)(9/q $%(4E F(41.4F4,D (9FF(".?)44X0GPP2S 9IQQXQ3IPGI0 WISGIPG/JX=2/QPIPGQPGYQ 92PL/RX-GM3IJ E/MJPIGJQ
607$G&HI,b:R%&?*d’()
J*+,M-*+].(*/01623a3456
7R%HI8G&8?
@3)#AB[960789DEAASIZ ") %/ 4*
5#8!XUCD2*5##$X&E2*5##%XFGH2*
5#;#XIJK2*5##%XLMN2*$%%!clOP:6
0789$0ac$dG&ij>:QLjSfg
o03E:607ia*’iRSTUV9A&’?
(lW*!""#c*Xi:’icYZ[?"#607
89:;^012A!"#$% &#$’($&$)$ #*&&#+(,-$$c34&we*T$ %
hij>:60789;DE^960789:NI’i3Ex-9*Y#
gh\]$0&j60789:acl
! DE[i*
DE[%BcdjkRl[+,-C’&’Q
Ym&n:o+p{qrA!&’( &")s!&’( *&) +*
*,(!,)s*,(#!)-*tu % &#& . % "#% /*Fvwxy
z{*$uzF ,0" 1*2 %|tuzF !’0# 1*!
%|tuzF 3 20, 1*$}+9tu ’&& .
4%& //*$~d!59 ! %!# . ! #%’ //l
o+p{qr3E #*02# 5/%*qr>"#$
%*G&&’() 2%0"6*./012345&*
{qr3E: %*0’%6l
% DEac
!"# 5678
fg %h %& /7%& /:./01234&ij*&
++,-./*0b-"71%Z_a02A.#"/"#$"
0#$+’-"1$"c*30A2"#+% /3+1$’$$cx456A 4#-+3$)"
5+)-$-"c2*&’Vo7w *&6lij89:o !l
9 # 56:;
$%&’# ()*+,- ./ 0%123, 23.4
;<
-80
3E
9:;<=/%
=>
>?8@;
=V
>?8@;=A(c
&?
9D;=<
%V
E;FAGCH=
AC:;;yI/3 %c
tu@A
J;I;GDIC=/
tuBC
J;B/
tuDE
J;MGFGV
NM;FAGCH
! #&& _Z >8OCI;% #&& _Z >8OCI;!"! <=>?
d %&&’ $ 4 %*H % hij?It?w ’# h
%0, / 7 %0, /:JK*Tj$9LJK>M?=-
xw?=-607NVAOPQ2*%&&*clkRd
RhJK>kf !h ! / 7 ! /:{ia*S9B:
607?-T?’U*VM-WPXY*vjV>$
060789l
"#Z&j:Q?{j;^<7860789
:;L’
4h$S*[ZRh %0, / 7 %0, /{ia:j;:
S\]Vl
!"5 <=)@
^BW_-‘:abI?kxcwardeH
f=*gR‘xh’9/Z:m/Aijk*!"""cl
5l*mn60789war?@~opq\T$
-‘mnbI0rU*sn!MNbI?k*tmn
-‘uvl
\ %hij>60789;@gBY+ %hgbwfAPG +- "1 Q*!"",XR;SAC;:*
!"4,cq!cuvx0*60789:-)#yvzd
QwO-*Liadij>;<%g{T*|L’i
-jZTX%cX’i-j]0R*60789:a
rzdQwZ}v*9v~L$S<(ZTl
!‘jb_):gbWILac*PwarF
-DEij>60789:;:y"wA#zp2*%&&#XT8S;:CA8F*!"42cq
6!A,cU
!
%’A,c!
’A,c
$ U !
$ 7A%$c3 7A%$V ,c%%*
$ U !*%***#&&’A,cl
"Bq6!A,cwwarF-v*7A %$cwiS 7 d %$
’:60789*7A %$ V ,cwL %$ S(()w , ’
’iS:60789*’A,cw’i<(2B , ‘:
60789$S-*, wib<(*dbDEB ,
wL%0, / 7 %0, / iaB*S~<:()*+U
%rl
warF-Z * hR%,-*-.hvA2&c*
g/vA2& V 2cx=UA"cA0‘b2*!""4clg/
vo160789dDE,bBz[:=>UV*
w;1a12:m/W5;2:=>*.hart34
^5Uarx{Bz{’i()O67:12=
>l=Uo160789d;<8RST:9:
Aijk*!"""cll?*.harLg/v~|34
125667:;<>V0*;;<>V0:|*-34;<>V0B12??:R%UVl
Pjb_=>? W>V 20& X8: YGFM8YA_960
789&9warF-:,-lpq*~@rUo
pb5U-‘gbMNbI?k*!Amn-‘u
vlkR*d_9ij60789war:g=8*
?IPOP*B-*H0*ACxZg/v:H0K
% & ’ ( ) #,"
LmnDN*Y]0zEKDac*V_9SfKL
:ZT,-*s.hv*g/v*=U*F0,-x?
G-2lzEDNKL:]0Wt$HItaxz
{xF0,-z[l
!"# ABCDEFGH5IJKLM
%\]^_60789*J%pq]0z{i
a-9xia[{l5wbDEKP:iau$
! " # ! "*OY]0z{’i-L2BTMl
w0NuvA-)#ycw!*arw"
$ :;O
B’U ! hibATP4"BKi-c*t9tuv
w "!*Q> % "! &! %!!:i( # O%)Z:gZ
+tw #!lR$ST’iQ’i-9UV3*t[
-0I2Tl!‘W\bI?k:80*X #! X
0‘*es #! ’ ()*Y (+**^ ?ko^[ZgZ
V?Iw ()**(+*‘:NI’i-A$cllac
:gbU5S$HLJK>607:89Z"$S
[ST:12=9*9b_?@WILac:,"
J\A]^_2*!(()cl
, mnL?@
$"% 56NABCDEKOPQRS
^Bij !:&?FGV*"‘%Vx@,h
Oabuc[Bij $*de89=VW{_‘6
07CfBDE*OYij !:gz6079c:
Ah*ij !x $:60789tuv?Iw !-.+
x !-/. 01y"&$Ao $cl$hij>LJK:607
89r>i[*ij ! :z{vxz[v?Iw
+-,) x $-(/ 01y"&$*ij $ \fw +-,2 x
$-3! 01y"&$*j#|v=}d . 4 ( ~89{B +-) 01y"&$:JKd $ hijBuw 2
h*dij !>X 2hJKu%B&k+*dij $
>Z $h%BijlmVno&B{p*.Zo0
UV:3wTql$hij:60789W3:J
K4rZS\]VW[:s@:j;*tp607
89;%gx&j:j;:vw78l
9 ! ABCDE
&’()! *+,,-. /’00 12 0’/34- 341,
ij
5678
89 9:;;tu 9=:> z{v 9?>?"@" z[v 9:A?@"
BC
xV
D@E87;?;
yV
B0=F>=;;
GH<
*
! !-.+ +-,) $-(/ +-32 & +-.. & +-)+ +-2!
$ !-/. +-,2 $-3! +-.. & !-,, & +-+/ +-)/
o $$\&j60789T$ibmn_?@R[U:89v*o9:$d!"#$S;
<%g&’i<()*+*ij60789:>V
0gzlNyVxxV $iBW^ZU*DEij
L’iS:60789yr-v![*u{|yl
=>,- GH34:$S\=>*-12=9:)
}UV*!‘STDE*GH!+-!w~=>0*+-!!
GH!!wB2=>*GH"! w!=>0A"#$2*
!(.)clNb_mnZ*$hijuwB2=>l9
B*ij $:=>,-W[*|ij !:%r[Bi
j $ltpo $:b_v&j>60789;O=}:’h)**!<09t
p()d;<8:120*ST0LST0l
$"! H5TUVWXV !"5 / 6 !"5 /5YABC
DEKZ[
d !w $-) " # $-) "ia60789;kLia>’iSS\]V~<:T,*?@op
60789L$SS\]VzdH0T,*$ hi
j:F0,-?Iw +-2)x +-/.*tuvw +-)/*
tpQ?@jABDEC3607l
d ! $-) " # $-) "ia>60789L9S\]V:T,
I?1J ! K=6:8?7> L=8F==> 6?88=E ":;; 7M $-) " # $-) " ;:"N6= N678 :>O ?8; E=6:8?P= O=N8Q
,! (# * +2q+,-./012345&60789:;<=>?@
!"! 56NABCDEOP\]K^Y_)@
jb_)$YwarF-wgb4r,DEd
;)A./02*!""#c*OY^PBDE&j6078
9:;\OP*B-*H0*ACxZg/v34IJ
KLDNmn:|Wop*OPIJKLz1Ao
$c*ij ! x % :F0,-?Iw &’($( x &’)("l
! rUA*++,-./01*!""2cmnop*%hijwar
vIJKLDN:s20+tud &’% Y+*MN
OPKL*9;(%’" 3cl
9 ! 56ABCDEK^Y_G‘abcd<
#$%&! #’()*(+,-$. /(0,1$*,$2-( 0)3(. $23 4$*$0(+(*/ )5 .,++(* 0$//
ij
45+0
IJKL
67.+/.089-5 3+:.5
.hv
;<==.0
A"&c
g/v
>0855
A"& ? "c
.hv@g/v
"& @A"& ? "c
=U
A-B=.@3
F0,-
C+.DD898.B0 +D
:.0./38B-08+B
?G-
E/-90-5 :83.B18+B
s20+t
>8=B8D89-B0
5.,.5
! O;KL >F7./89-5 &’&!& &’&%( &’(!2 $(’# &’($( !’)G( &’!#$
% O;KL >F7./89-5 &’&!G &’&(! &’$"& (%’" &’)(" !’2#% &’!&%
dwarF-KLB*.hv "& $^BKi
arx{BKiaV8:&j3I+t21256
vw67:=>*% hij60789:.hv|
W{*tpdbDE: G( h %’) 3 H %’) 3Kia
V+*^ Kiar2125667:=>4W{A4
5_2*%&&&cl" wm/ar*^ j;*j6*z{
2a3w:m/05667:=>l"& ? " wg
/vAwarF-1<(78Zo0UVRUg:
txvc*o1,b>;:=>A9:;2*%&&#cl
^o $^:*%hij:g/vuwbv*Qij %
[Bij !*tpij % ^12Y/Z=>67:
L4bg<=f[Bij !l.hv@g/v~|
A"c@A"& ? "co1;<=>0UVA^12056
67:;<=>0*,b;=>:|ec*ij !:
>v[Bij %*tpij ! ^12?k67:;
<=>0UV[Bij %l?G-$ohPB?@
;:,-v*(\warF-GHd:
=}3fAB*?G-vCDo %tp{aV8:
=>Cs2lij ! :?G-{Bij %*op9
^;V0UV{l
%h./012345&60789:war
v*dLR:=U>1iS<(():=}ogU
Sw:EFAd %cqd{<(()9:>*warZ
W[:=>vX17<(()e[*war:=>
GHEBtxl
d % 60789ward
E8=I % >.38,-/8+=/-3 +D 5800./ 3-11
!"6 ABCDEFGH5IJKLM
^B60789zd;<=>*OY9\]^
_J%()j]0iazI-9l
dHLJK>60789Z"$S[ST:1
2=9:oJ+*!‘T$:60789\K*LP
b_)WI*gZV?Iw ")Jx "&J*\-)#
y:yr?Iw )J*!&Jx !)Jl_9mnwq!c
X-)#y:yr/0‘*NI’i-1gZVJ
AM8eX%cXgZVSw‘*NI’i-1-)
#y:yrN{AOV%PJAcM8eX$c!‘
W\bI?k:8S*X #! K ")J‘*Q $ RSv
o*d #TL %& M!@A!
% @&c!@% L!!’"G&UK ")J‘*Q[
d ")J :gZ[<>NI’i- ’ K $’#(%
A!% @"c%ldTPB*12=9:;Oar$MV
:*&-Z= %& 3 H %& 3./012ijwe*d ")J:
gZ[<*%Z[Woij60789:$0v*
! 3 H ! 3:ia’i-!<{B "hl
( & ’ ( ) ()"
! mJL[J
[?"#60789;V0*$b
]^9&+60789:g=ljb_acwDE
607;<>V0J\BohZ=:4r*!~0
9?@;:]\*^ _
1BX4RSTKQ:;DEop*d "h "# $ % "# $:./0123
45&ij8kf: & $% & $JK:60789z
ds2;<=>lb_?@[Z*d!"#$S;<
%g&’i<(:)*+*"hij60789:=
>,-?Iw #’!&x #’()*ij &x ":60789
tuv?Iw &’*#x &’)* +,y$-"l
~@war?@*" ij:60789;kF-GH:IJKLuMNOPKL*QRST
UVW[X!‘KL:DN,-*[Zij & x "
:60789:=U?Iw .!’* x !"’/ $lb_
op*%d /(0:gZ[<>\]^_./012
ij:60789*& $ % & $:ia:’i-!<
{B /hl
bDEmn‘TB+,-./012345&
ij>60789:;<>V0*w‘.Z;/056x12056:78*H79[:&j:
607-9^W[*(&,WG:&kx&m:6
07-9xWI*Q?@jAB607:DE*60
789L$S(=3aF:S\]V{H08eT
,*|j#T,~<=>60789;<=>:
()0*bZoowcJ^:j;Y?:9d56,
=>l5l*dM,:]eDEB*Jfgh[is
&D89*;<%g*&+"#\607;78*Y&()x:j;2356:jN"P*V"
#mN607:eHx?=@U*YkC]ejI
=60789:;2x?k*VCO]j^_l
Pjb_c?@&+60789:;<=>*mn
BXhov*$>prDEB:o4qac*do0
UV8SwwrDEJ\,"*VwG&HI:m
osDEt0g=l
d e , -
UCD*uvw*@x-*2 ’ &//"’ yz-{1|2&H7(?)
J 1 G&HI,bDE*"!A"cq&)# - &)/’
#zp*}~b*08! ’ "##!’ ;’()*!#A.cq&!/ - &((’
LMN*]C"*O#! ’ "##!’ $%-Z&’vO({1&u07
9 "#$)IDE ’ "7HI)**"*A!cq!!/ - !()’
45_*+C,*-.p*2 ’ "###’ p//0}tW,1(?:‘;
=>89 ’ jI)**((A(cq((( - ()(’
./0*23Z*0Gp*2 1 &//* 1 TPjVb_) 1/WqjVU
4w ’
0‘b*ijk*i^2 ’&//*’ ;<>V009DEIJLac ’
fPHI)**/A)cq)(& - )(21
"#$*567*@#8*2 ’ &/*( 1 ,180=>09sDE 1 +A
)**/q&# - "#1
& E*:;<*i=>*2 1 &//# 1 tZ?p@tA|@&u07)
I:DE 1 "7HI)**&!A&cq)/ - 2.1
&’?(lW 1 &//! 1 G&HI,b0%DEac 1 /WqBC()
lBU4w 1
IJK*CvD*xEF 1 &//# 1 GBO({1&&HZ2&u07
xIj#7B:(?)I 1"7)**."q).2 - )!)1
ijk 1 &/// 1 jb_)&dHI)B:fP 1 /Wq()U4w 1
FGH*JKj*LMN 1 &/*/ 1 &’vG&u07e9&)I:D
E 1 &’()*"(A)cq(!" - (!21
9:;*O&c*PPQ*2 1 "##* 1 RS,p]q[(T,1UV9
;<=>xKQ?@sssYWX%(Twe 1jI()*"2A&cq
&.( - &!!1
OPQ*UhY*IqZ*2 1 "##. 1 ][-\]5&60789&9
-+80 1&’()DE*./A(cq&!* - &(&1
]^_*^ _w 1 &//( 1 ,1;<=>0DE 1,1)**..A.cq
"." - "!&1
3456 7 8*9:4;5$ <1 &/)! 1 =>??@4 A4:BCD?>:E >E F:4@G? :F ?;@ H:4IB1
JBK5ED@G >E D5I 8@G@54D;*"q&#& - &(2 1
9::K5@4?G L1 &//2 1 M@:G?5?>G?>DG F:4 E5?C45I 4@G:C4D@G @K5IC5?>:E1 N@H O:4+q
PQF:4B RE>K@4G>?6 L4@GG1
=> S*8@6E:IBG 7 T1&//( 1 PE B@F>E>?>:E 5EB UC5E?>F>D5?>:E :F ;@?@4:,@E@>?61
P>+:G*2.A"cq"*# - "*!1
8:V@4?G:E 9 L1 &/*2 1 9@:G?5?>G?>DG >E @D:I:,6q>E?@4A:I5?>E, H>?; +E:HE
K54>5ED@1 W@VG?@4 81 &/*( 1 XC5E?>?5?>K@ GA5?>5I 5E5I6G>G :F G:>I >E F>@IB 1 JBK5ED@ >E
Y:>I YD>@ED@*.q& - 2#1
!"#$% &’( )*+,
(! /# * +2q+,-./012345&60789:;<=>?@