免费文献传递   相关文献

Influence of the Different Cone Grades on Activities of Protective Enzymes and Protease Inhibitors in Needles of Larix spp.

落叶松结实量对其防御酶和蛋白酶抑制剂活力的影响


为研究植物营养与其抗性的关系,对兴安落叶松和长白落叶松在不同结实情况下针叶内PAL、PPO、TI和CI活性的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:2种落叶松都表现为在结实量较少或无时,其防御酶及蛋白酶抑制剂的活性较高,且与结实量中等或结实量较多时的防御酶及蛋白酶抑制剂的活性存在显著差异(P<0.05)。兴安落叶松与长白落叶松之间防御酶和蛋白酶抑制剂的活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。落叶松抗虫性的强弱与其结实量有直接的关系,但与种类关系不大。

In order to investigate the relationship between plant resistance and plant nutrition,this study measured the change pattern of PAL,PPO,TI and CI activity in needles of Larix gmelinii and L.olgensis with different coning grades.The results showed that when the coning less or no,the two larches had higher activities of defense enzymes and more protease inhibitors, and the enzyme activities and the inhibitors were significantly different from that when the coning performance was in middle or above grade(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the activity of defense enzyme and protease inhibitor between L.gmelinii and L.olgensis(P>0.05).The results indicated that coning number of larches had the direct impact on the resistance to the pest insects.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
-345*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
‘kt!NK{^wA)z.9)
MxJ}p1qr"
1 U hi% a j
A4Q&’T)&)F fgy 6"%%!%Y
! "# uDE_‘V:i^\<1u8*{4U‘ktzE9‘ktZno!N*(8’kM 7-.57785,)z
()}<1JByk|}?@~!"#$%$m‘ktq#WuZ!NK@o7&k*^ wA)~.9)MxJ1}
<@j*Gi!NKB=7!NK@hk1wA)~.9)MxJ1}iE9‘kt,=wA)z.9)MxJ1}<&HMn:A! : %2%"Y~‘kt\><14_i^!NK)eB
1u8*Aimru8nT~
$%&% 4U‘ktSE9‘ktS!NKS_‘\’()*+#’;6# -./01#- -23+#6%%6 < ;!##4$%%&5%# < %%&= < %"
vwx#%$%%; < 66 < $%~
+{|}%bK@e)zC}F(DuL+{l|~
"%lBu%&e’~
!"#$%&"’& (# )*& +,##&-&") .("& /-01&2 (" 3’),4,),&2 (# 5-()&’),4& 6"789&2 0"1
5-()&02& !"*,:,)(-2 ," ;&&1$&2 (# !"#$% 2<< 5
>?@A4 BC@A D@A ’?@AE?3A F@A4 GC
A"#$$%&% #’ (#)%*+),*-#)+.%/*+ (#)%*+), 0123%)*2+, 4/)521 6"%%!%Y
3:2)-0’)% )A 0HIJH K0 CALJMKC4@KJ K?J HJ1@KC0AM?CN OJKPJJA N1@AK HJMCMK@AEJ @AI N1@AK A3KHCKC0A*K?CM MK3IQ RJ@M3HJI K?J E?@A4J
N@KKJHA 0S 7-.*778*,) @AI () @EKCLCKQ CA AJJI1JM 0S 6/)27 &8%$2122 @AI 6 5 #$&%1*2* PCK? ICSSJHJAK E0ACA4 4H@IJM 5 ,?J HJM31KM
M?0PJI K?@K P?JA K?J E0ACA4 1JMM 0H A0*K?J KP0 1@HE?JM ?@I ?C4?JH @EKCLCKCJM 0S IJSJAMJ JATQRJM @AI R0HJ NH0KJ@MJ CA?COCK0HM*@AI
K?J JATQRJ @EKCLCKCJM @AI K?J CA?COCK0HM PJHJ MC4ACSCE@AK1Q ICSSJHJAK SH0R K?@K P?JA K?J E0ACA4 NJHS0HR@AEJ P@M CA RCII1J 0H @O0LJ
4H@IJA! 9 %2%"Y5 ,?JHJ PJHJ A0 MC4ACSCE@AK ICSSJHJAEJM CA K?J @EKCLCKQ 0S IJSJAMJ JATQRJ @AI NH0KJ@MJ CA?COCK0H OJKPJJA 6 5
&8%$2122 @AI 6 5 #$&%1*2*A! : %2%"Y5 ,?J HJM31KM CAICE@KJI K?@K E0ACA4 A3ROJH 0S 1@HE?JM ?@I K?J ICHJEK CRN@EK 0A K?J HJMCMK@AEJ
K0 K?J NJMK CAMJEKM 5
=&8 >(-12% 6/)27 &8%$2122S6/)27 #$&%1*2*SE0ACA4 U3@AKCKQSN1@AK HJMCMK@AEJSIJSJAMJ JATQRJMSNH0KJ@MJ CA?COCK0H
Z~!FB*_‘o+-MY5$5=>+?=
a8!s~nF1Bp*uXh=3m67Bp*_
‘npr)31lmi~n?3/6EHhz
wA~
6EHhzwA{,lm1oxe,amL7
a[t=nl6>as1JB*e;Xlm6K1
+,~_‘m2*>16F*](_fV:;<1
:,e46<1>?2Bi‘{7A1>K5I+9
=z1YB&m2*Zm2B‘afBun461j
?2Bi‘A1G:5.9;zL{=YHG,#?
s16FAVMM3S %+ /$ 5*$%%6Y~Z3a6FB_‘
UIM6EHh15KDg*Hqr^{.\no
89z>N15KUIABK*$%%;So@=*$%%WY*
Ok_‘1wA5prI:6JB~
!!I9eI)AN?JAQ1@1@ACAJ @RR0AC@1Q@MJ*
7-.Y(_‘/FxjNfu[xjN1u~)z
3@)AHGp=*$%%"Y*7-.Z_‘wAN>5N
16FB?Loex*gnu(_‘1amwA<
)~Z=>+?1[\8 7-.)B!!I9i*
,G9|I!!!jN25*i*GrBi‘5_W
N5I;N=wA‘;A(?HCMK0N?JH %+ /$ 5*$%%!Y~h
G;B)AN01QN?JR01 0XCI@MJ*778Y(YZ?1,_
‘BM1NamwA)*5Z)BGrBi‘fB
uC*r=>?‘.9B1n!I+9!+B**=
>n5ox^V:A,ME?@HAKYJ %+ /$ 5*$%%6Y~778*
^{)B\MDB1T?2‘;uceg4D1!
’7ivC]1DA,?@1JH %+ /$ 5*$%%$Y~_‘.9
)MxA!"#$% !&’%(#)( *$+*,*%’&)YB1E.9)MxJ
A %&-!)*$ *$+*,*%’&)*./Y5E # 9 . 9 ) M x J
A0+-1’%&-!)*$ *$+*,*%’&)*2/Y(i_‘\>ug81 3 mOI9.9)MxJAGIj=*
3445Y*(1i=>/BAM1.9/B)t’e
x*z*)MxJvi‘*]_7Mk/B){?‘
B1.9;1Ue/Bex*H:W=>/B)1
6G?c**=>l6F?>=*JZ5>=>1B
;Kz6E@(A6-#$*7884Y~ed 9 m‘;Te
uNO_‘\<1;"<‘;A:+#%%#0+#&--# !" #$ ;*
344|’?DEX4U‘ktA %#&’( )*!$’+’’YiE
9‘ktA% ; ,$)!+-’-Y*Z!NKnok^’kMw
A) =>?5==@z.9)MxJ ./52/}<1JBy
k*JZcd‘ktmr~!NKi\<1u8~
7 4,iab
!"! %=&’
344A$ < %Zh#aEqQ&_‘ktm2
^15mv0tM*a[^ 78A9$\]VK*Gn 5A8 +13*^ B5mv0t
Gn u3*D4X$j1Hh5pG6E6(~gho
a{n128 34$6mn14U‘kt5E9‘k
t*ZmdB@1 9Aasdg+)!N1mfAG
du=*344rimt?*!N@h!A C D4 AY5!NB="
A54 E D4AY5!N@o#AF4 E 54AY5&!N$A G
F4AY9A=xAQ)I=*3444Y~sA!N=xg
h 73fim*Zsfimmd1d5B58z45Y5
65Q 73AaGw|’k*rofimdGw|1
’k)?ii*.P?* F=&/IU(0,1M*
H@{Iq.8zPMu|‘U~
!"# B;xy
7B3B7 =>?klgh )A1x+%+ 7 H’k@
i*ZAKu#128G;$*gI A 1?B+>$
A4B7 1’"A?I 7Yz 74J1/>"HI!"A=K=Y6A
7 1?,qCBDDPF*Z 9 L8 74 444 &A1*$I 7E
7 74 1*$*+d~Au)xA~
=>?}>=B8B|} 4B3 1?)xA*FBD 1?H9BQA
z 7 1? 4B43 11’"A?I 7 ? I!!I96A*xHng
!!I91u{U*>=B8Z 94 LUCBW=
A4 1*$$*xxn?PPGUAM"%&’)!(0 9F44 !&’*8
oY*, 384 $18UD‘PG*e 4B47u 7A)}=
GAMA1HI 7Y~eng@‘u{UAN’$H !" #$ ;*
344AY~
7B3B3 ==@klgh )A1x+%+ 7 H’k@
i*go.Z;O*ZAKu#128G;$*gI
iDZF4 LUCB,= F 1*$*gI 944%?1 74J
.&*%’$ O I 744K7JP*Z 9 L8e74 444 &A1*$I 7
1@GE7 75 1*$*d~Au)xA~
==@}3B83 11’"A1?I 71KL9Ax:9BQA3xY*g
I 754%? ‘U)xAii.P*eng)Au{
U*xxn?PPGU*Z 9<4 $1@E8{8UD
‘PG1_*s F4 )#$ 7[*XHUD F E 5 1*$*
e 4B47u 7A)}p=G2MAHI 7APQY1*$I 73UD
‘PG1JB_AP("%’$ !" #$ ;*7883Y~
7B3BF ./klgh MxJ1x+%+ 7 H’k@
i*ZAKu#128:;$*gI A 1?1 .&*) I
R2"A4B5 1’"A?I 7*!R 9 L8e 3 444 &A1*$I 7@GE7 74 1*$*d~AuM
xJx+A~
./}s
UD*+ 344%?E.9)AAS*H1#0|Yz 94%?1
MxJx+A*35 LUC 75 1*$*+ 744%?UC$
1iiA*gI 4B45 1’"!.;sI9>WA:>TTY
AS*H1#0|YBQAA4B45 1’" 1 .&*) I R2" !R DB4
z 4B47 1’" 2#2"3 iiY3B8 1?*xxn?PPGU
Z 35A $1@E8UD‘PG_1JB*OabyU
.gA344AYH)yL~
7B3B9 2/klgh MxJ1x+%+‘kt’
k@i 7 H*ZAKu#128:;$*gI 5 1?[
!+AMAP"UV# 0|Y1 .&*) I R2" BQ6AA4B5
1’"A?I 7*!R W DB4Y*qCDD*PF*Z 9 L8e
73 444 &A1*$I 71@GE7 74 1*$*d~AuMxJ
x+A~
2/}744%?iMxJx+A 7A4%?ii*35 LUC 75
1*$*+ 744%?UC$1iiA*r 3B8 1?1!.;
=I9>WA:.TTYAS*H1#0|Y{8gIii>=
AB*xxn?PPGUZ 35F $1@E8*UD‘
PG_1JB*OabyU.gA344AYH)yL~
!"$ uC)<
wx M$*X#&*#%(A=_JK1h_Nan?@
bY?@mm~!NK{ =>?5==@5./52/}<1q
r*e ?SYAS-HMbY{2oqr_N|}hL
j@?@~
<8! D# ^ m=%‘kt!NK{^wA)z.9)MxJ}p1qr
! !"i?@
!"# $
|_@‘}.^KL
!m‘kt "A!N=x1’kM #$%5##&5’(5
)(1}<)n:*‘ktmr{wA)~.9)Mx
J1}!’( * +,!."*!)( * +,0-1Y*!NK{wA)~.9)
MxJ1}+,+++ 3*!’( 2 +,+++ 3*!)( 2 +,+++ 3YA# 3Y~
= # KL[CC\]||^>|_@‘}.G_^q,])$%&’# $() *%+, )--)./0 1- /)0/ 2)034/0 1- +*5%./ 1, /() .(%,6)0 1- 7)-),0) ),89*)0 %,7 521/)%0) +,(+&+/12 +, ,))74)0
n:sm 456789 :;
#$% ##& ’( )(
" 4<= " 4<= " 4<= " 4<=
mr >?7<9@A 3 +,-03 +,"-. +,1B1 +,/"+ 3,!03 +,!." +,+// +,0-1
!NK )5C9 C6DE97 / 33,1"0 +,+++ 1-,03B +,+++ !B,-B" +,+++ 3+B,3/0 +,+++
!"! $!m‘kt "A!N=x1’kM #$%5##&}
<.l6JB*)}8%!x 2"x 2#x 2$xA# !Y~#$%}<1JB*
!x!NKi^gi=x*(81 #$%}7 3 H MA !#$%!!" * +,+3+*!#$%!!# * +,++!*
!#$%!!$ 2 +,+++ 3YS"xi#x!NK*(8 #$%1
}(8 #$%1}i$x!NK*(8 #$%1}* +,+"3Y~##&1}<*Z$x!NK*(83HM
j,^gi!N=xA!##&!!$ * +,+++ 3*!##&"!$ *
+,+++ 3*!##&#!$ * +,+++ 3YS!N"xi!N#x !m
*(8*’k ##& }+,+B-Y*Z!N#x*(8*’kM ##&}x1 ##&}!NK*(8*##&}n:HMA!##&!!" * +,++0YA# !Y~
= ! bc$$%&’! $() .1*5%2+01, 1- :;< %,7 ::= %./+>+/+)0 +, ,))74)0 3,7)2 7+--)2),/ .1,+,6 62%7)0
!N=x
)5C#$% }< #$% ?8@4U‘kt # L $%&’()(( E9‘kt # L *’$&)+(+ 4U‘kt # L $%&’()(( E9‘kt # L *’$&)+(+
! 331,B3- M 3/,0/! B3 ?$ 33.,3./ M 1,1!! !"! ?$ +,-00 1!3 M +,+B0 "" ?$ +,BB1 ".! M +,+BB +./ ?$
" 3/1,B!B M 3-,+"" 13 EN 3-3,+/" M !",310 "B EN +,0!" -/" M +,+13 3-" EN +,0B! 30" M +,3+0 -30 EN
# 3"-,.01 / M 1,1". !. EN) 3-0,1BB M !B,-." ". EN) +,1/- .BB M +,+/3 11 EN 3,+/+ "0B M +,!0! 1+3 EN
$ 3./,10. / M 3+,"-" -0 8) 3.3,B./ / M /,1!! /B1 8) 3,.-. +1! M +,+01 +B- 8) 3,."+ !+0 M +,+!0 03B 8)
% #B/0u<._ M;+n*o!/0$no\K#Ln:HMA-[\K#L ! 2 +,+-*T[\K#L ! 2 +,+3Y~8o~O?@? @?EQ9 ?79 D9?C M 4OL %9@@97R E9P’P9 R?D9 E9Q5SL
!"? $|_@‘}.^
KL
!m‘kt "A!N=x1’kM ’(5)(}<
.l6JB*! mMxJ}IDbc*8%!x 2"x 2#x 2$xA# /Y~’(
}<1JB*!xi^gi=x!NK*(81 ’(
}!’(!!$ 2 +,+++ 3YS"xi#x!NK*(81 ’(
}(8 ’(}$x!NK*(81 ’(}+,++!YA# /Y~)( }<1JB*!NKi^gi=
x*(81 )( }!)(!!# 2 +,+++ 3*!)(!!$ 2 +,+++ 3*!)("!# *
+,+!B*!)("!$ 2 +,+++ 3*#)(#!$ 2 +,+++ 3Y*Z$x
!NK*(81 )(}< J BA !)(!!# 2 +,+++ 3*!)("!# * +,+!B*
!)(#!$ 2 +,+++ 3YA# /Y~
= ? bc$$%&’? $() .1*5%2+01, 1- $@ %,7 A@ %./+>+/+)0 +, ,))74)0 3,7)2 7+--)2),/ .1,+,6 62%7)0
!N=x
)5C’( }< ’( ?8@4U‘kt # L $%&’()(( E9‘kt # L *’$&)+(+ 4U‘kt # L $%&’()(( E9‘kt # L *’$&)+(+
! -,B3- M +,00. +B+ 1 ?$ -,0/1 BBB . M +,"-B -1 ?$ 3.,+B/ /// / M +,"-/ "B0 3! ?$ 3B,!-/ /// / M !,1-B 0B! ?$
" .,!1! BB. M 3,+3! 01! 3 EN 1,+/" M 3,-33 .!B EN 30,!BB B. M +,1.- 3+B 0/ E$N 31,31B B. M 3,+0+ 10. E$N
# 0,.01 /// M 3,030 B"/ EN 1,B/! BB. M 3,+3/ BB" EN !3,+1 M 3,!!B "11 +0 8N !3,3BB B. M !,-+" 3B/ 8N
$ 33,10. // M 3,3-0 ++- / 8) 33,/" M +,10+ / 8) /!,""B B. M +,1+" .!0 /! :) /!,.- M 3,0+! ..B :)
01 & ’ ( ) "-"
! d’
_‘G[1wA‘;~V:*?1;zK{=
>+??O|DA"##%YDE:Wno&<81a*h‘{?%NO
c1\<)@Tn:~|DE:WwA)5.9)
MxJ}:*AZno!NK=x=n:HM~
DE#$*‘kt1!NC0h12qr~n
@_N2oC&?gG5aG5VL=89_2e~
PU5U?=67_2qr*ZDEMed0h_N
1+cd*Zw0_‘4,k*ghoam2^M*
6N12to1im|}w0*TUXn@_N{
VO!"~*1\n~On*D85mr=M@_N
{‘kt!N[I~*@TqrAo@=*"##!Y~
!Z*|DE!"#$%4UzE9 "m‘kt’k
M1wA.9}:~Jlm?31QG?@*^ k_45(_‘Z
^CMPC<$6k*^ 6N1S2o}1(HK
$j*eWX^Qe6N1m_/KAQ/N=*
"##&Y~_O*Zm2z*M*>1~A6FB*8
*(1CMaDFGM>15N*_‘[IrT@
?lmUIMHhB**4x,wA1lmC3*3
&4ox1o@?lm*npUIMno1wA2
5BA<)=*"##’S()* !" #$ +*"##,Y*_O?3M
sm25B14oxlmYo*Ge8*^mrN
Zn:*oa!N=x8 "m‘kt’kMomw
A)z.9)MxJ1}_‘?wAex1jN‘Z_‘BM1?3I
K_‘16Ek#1no8_‘1V:*?no4
]t=19~*_‘1\>>=[I:6t=1J
B**^6E7HhiwA=x5XMt=19(
Ah&=*"##%Y~4UzE9 " m‘ktZno=
x!NK*(8’kM1 -.(5--/5015211}O!NK1DgZ5>*7$&IZHh6E#!
o/JTK1‘;5K*^ BM1V:‘;:6f
K*3a6F]_X‘kt1\>5p~Z~!1
28*_‘V:*?1/JiwA>N1jwId
MFm1l9#dsNW1AQRP=*"##%S@AB=*
"##&Y*_‘Z3i1L7s;XqT16EHhzWX{>N1wA
A.34567 !" #$ +*"##!Y~ed7bi893:)4;=A$<,$Y
x]1_‘6E?B?@7)AA:3:4>)9>)54
B9694C:*DEFYBnu1_‘Z6EzwA,=)a
A6~d1u?(JE\i1*7$_‘Z!N*
(8{>N1wA5pI:6t=1JB*8!N
Ki\><,=NZeB1u8~
‘kt!Nk#*?3/Hh;<1V:*?
Dh*UIMwAa+1eo~_O*=g4{eZ
!N3A\>5p[_k#1‘ktm2&1p
;*w+()1V&+(*()()5hkifz=
-ABK*"##%Y*E+xj‘kt1\>5p~$,
_‘V:iwA,=1t’u8~^L~r(A$
1aADEas*4uN>1679%z*i+~
xxf125~~TAQRP=*"##%Y~
J K - .
o @*‘SE*d6j + "##!G _‘T$!NDEA# + =x67
)J*$HA$Y%$$% I $"#+
a t*zIP*‘K9*= + "##%G a*h‘{?%NOcz>BM
)}<1qr + YR&’T))J%~!()D*!$A"Y%$"% I
$"<+
HpG*o U*jDc*= + "##’G /]HSM\DE + F?g"T))J%~!()D*"’AHY%!" I !&+
GIj*^ .V + "##’G _‘.9)MxJ~^Z&I\>+_;F
B1=x + &’()*H$A!Y%$H, I $’%+
Gdu*: + &’()*H!A$Y%H" I H<+
1j9*QRP + "##$G ’=>i_‘1t’exz|B1u8 + =
>)J*HHA!Y%!&# I !&’ +
h &*Ff> + "##%G eu_‘wA<‘;1Xztu1DE|
] + BCXU)I "##&$)r$I’?0*H$$ I H$,+
QRP*1j9 + "##%G =>i_‘1lo|B%K2_‘ I .E
c IK6It’ex + =>R.*HHAHY%!$$ I !$<+
Q)I*:bP*QRQ*= + "###G x|‘ktm2^m2lK~!
NykDE + &’()*!&A"Y%’! I ’<+
Q/N*o~6 + "##&G _‘6h:K~89[\tu$:.9;1
DE|] + BCZ’(qtJ*,A"Y%!" I !’+
B K + "##%G ‘m\>*"&A$Y%"’ I
",+
. g + "##&G 4U‘kt"t\>Ic6)G’?*$$ I "!+
< )*‘K9*zIP*= + "##’G _?<=>"t1_‘\DE|] + &’()*H$A$Y%$&’ I $%!+
@AB*Y Z*Q?t*= + "##&G C[\16}2|FB[m6~
6B+;1JB + _‘)%J*"!AHY%!H, I !’’+
.34567 0 J*093;:>> K J+ "##! + 05 ;35= 947 7:A:47%(9CL 5A >397:@5AAM A53
B35=4 96;96 N?6535>944)4M+ /)L5M*$##A"Y%H#& I H#, +
F?9>>9C?93OO9 .*P9) Q*F9B* 2 P+ "##% + . >3ONM)4 947 C?OR5>3ONM)4
)4?)B)>53 A35R %#!&#$’()(# *+),-. M::7M% 1M569>)54* N93>)96
C?939C>:3)S9>)54 947 )4M:C>)C)796 N35N:3>):M+ -694> -?OM)565;O 947
F)5C?:R)M>3O*H’A!HY%$&< I $%%+
2?3)M>5N?:3 J T*J)39479 J*J9U53 1 0*!" #$ + "##H + D:4: :VN3:MM)54
<!"#$%&%’( #$ )*)+,-%./&&* 0#1’23%’21.,2 2,$,’),) %’ 4*5"%2 !#!&/" 6
7&/’+/*89:A;Y%:<; = :>? 6
@,&+#’ A B*C#’/+# D D*E"#/20/* F G*!" #$ 6 9::8 6 H-!/.+ #$ #I%2%J,2
!&/’+ !4,’#&%.) #’ +4, ’1+"%+%#’/& K1/&%+* #$ 2%,+/"* !"#+,%’ +# / ’#.+1%2
4,"5%L#",*%&’(’&"!)# !*+,-# 6 M#1"’/& #$ H’),.+ 74*)%#&#(**Y%
8?? = 8NO 6
P%1 Q*7/’ R S*T4/’ M U*!" #$ 6 8VVNW F,)!#’), #$ ,’2#(,’#1) )/&%.*&%.
/.%2 /’2 X/)-#’/+,) +# -,.4/’%./& 0#1’2%’( %’ 7,/ &,/L,)6 Y("%. Z.%
U4%’/*?AOY%;88 = ;8: 6
F*/’ U Y6 9::V 6 7"#+,/), %’4%5%+#") %’ !&/’+%(,’,) $#" %-!"#L%’( 2,$,’),)
/(/%’)+ %’),.+) /’2 !/+4#(,’)6 Y’’1 F,L 74*+%!/+4#&*8N%>8O = >>:6
[4/&," M Z*@/"/( G Y*7/", 7 B*!" #$ 6 8VV8W M/)-#’/+,32,$%.%,’+ !&/’+)
4/L, ",21.,2 2%",.+ /’2 %’2%",.+ 2,$,’.,) /(/%’)+ 4,"5%L#",)6 \&,.+"#’%.)
P,++,")*OA;Y%?;> = ??> 6
[).4/"’+], [*[4%,)),’ Z*C#&.4 F* !" #$ 6 8VV9 6 S,"5%L#"** %’21.,2
",)%)+/’., /’2 %’+,"!&/’+ )%(’/& +"/’)$," %’ .$/-0 ,$-"+/’0# 6 E%#.4,-%./&
Z*)+,-/+%.) /’2 \.#&#(**8:A9VY%9V8O = 9V>?6
^))1$ D D*P/I-% _ S*G%+"/ F6 8VV9W 7"#+,%’/), %’4%5%+#")%7&/’+32,"%L,2
(,’,) #$ %’),.+%.%2, !"#+,%’ $#" 2,L,&#!%’( %’),.+3",)%)+/’+ +"/’)(,’%.
!&/’+)6 U1"",’+ Z.%,’.,*NVA?Y%N>? = NO<6
B/",%’( 7 @*74%&&%!) H C M6 9:N9 6 A"#0+4 /’2 2%$$,",’+ %’ !&/’+)6 ‘I$#"2%
7,"(/-#’ 7",))*>N9 = >:96
T#’( _/*B/’( U4,’J416 8VV; 6 P/"L/& $,,2%’( %’21.,2 2,$,’)%L, ",)!#’),)
%’ +#5/..#% .#-!/"%)#’ #$ +0# )%5&%’( )!,.%,) #$ 1!$+2’3!)&# 0%+4
2%$$,",’+ 2%,+ 5",/2+4)6 7&/’+/*88;A9Y%8<< = 8!"#$% 123)
z{-| !"#"q’Q+~),
A&’()B(BC&)I2C5BC(l2p1&’*i<)r#B*eB, 9:OO$~j#BC&’
()DEz&’(q#B1SjU<~ZB!R*a[0!QCH#B!x0!R!a0~}R(g UY5YM5TF5MZ[5UZUC=CMn 8VhALoN]8
9i/00v$~
2oBn&’~turj1Sf(D*"*~k>?CH&’KxLMz+M*v#)rLs*\])
rd’*W|CMn)rur~M:|}W&JK5W&675&I?kKm5W&W;5W&)~5W&i8
956‘hiF5I4()iqr5&lB)g;;F5&’)p5&’4XH:]~&’t.|tDE=a+~e)r’
?5DEJm5*#u2**x))rw$d’5DEAJ5_‘fDmi6m5(qL75fXv]=l}~
m’{!uCMnJn&’~turjDE1(q}F5p~}Fe~j=Fo1g6~|BBC;?w
2AeB?|oY~
%B*s% 8Ox]D*T 9;\*s# 98NN~=w%8OA*E$%2%U_99 = 9:VNaZ*N:j2 N8 = ;SCLB2%HZZ_9VV9 = ?>NN*:}j2%EG>>~
4eeBsCD@rq~
#X70%QRE1Q$BC&)IA&’()BCD@
!3%9VVV:9 12%AV9VY;8NN:N8V ;8NNNO?:
$3%&’(%&%’*]Ib $#",)+"* 6 /. 6 .’
tHK0%4++!%aa0006 &%’*,],I1,6 ’,+
tHde%4++!%aa5&#( 6 )%’/ 6 .#-6 .’a&%’*]I
VV9 & ’ ( ) >O"