免费文献传递   相关文献

Woodborers Abundance and the Relationship with Environmental Factorsat Different Successional Stages of Artemisia ordosica (Asterales:Compositae)

油蒿不同演替阶段钻蛀性害虫数量变动与环境的关系*


油蒿是我国北方农牧交错带的重要固沙植物,近年来受到油蒿钻蛀性害虫的危害,导致大面积死亡。2006年5月至2007年9月在宁夏盐池县对油蒿不同演替阶段的油蒿钻蛀性害虫混合种群的组成和数量变化及环境因子进行系统的调查,结果表明: 危害油蒿的钻蛀性害虫分别是沙蒿大粒象、沙蒿木蠹蛾、沙蒿圆吉丁虫和一种蛀茎蛾(鳞翅目: 卷蛾科); 在油蒿不同演替阶段,上述4种油蒿钻蛀性害虫均有危害,且每个阶段的优势种各不相同; 线性逐步回归分析表明油蒿钻蛀性害虫混合种群受油蒿林的演替阶段及油蒿群落的微环境影响较大。

Artemisia ordosica is an important shrub widely distributed in northern China for combating desertification. Recently large areas of A. ordosica were damaged by several species of woodborers. However,few studies have focused on these woodborers of A. ordosica. To better understand the relationships between occurrence of these woodborers and environmental factors,a systematic survey was conducted at 3 different successional stages of A. ordosica in Yanchi,Ningxia Hui Autonomous region,China from May 2006 to September 2007. The results showed that the woodborers attacking A. ordosica included: Holcocerus artemisiae, Adosopius sp.,Sphenoptera sp. and a species of Tortricidae. All these 4 woodborer species attacked A. ordosica at 3 different successional stages of A. ordosica,and the dominant species were alternative at each successional stage. Linear stepwise regression analysis was used to establish relations between environment factors and population dynamics of these woodborer species.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
3456*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
,2BC:;ESI3bf+!Q
?46=>.45"
E h7 F5Z7 GHI7 9 J$ KLM8 |Na!
972 I_&’X)jJkDc&u@6HIN@JAiN69 I_ 7%%%98B$2 1Jc&5+fy,@{\_ Bc :"%%%!B
82 1J4X)&f@{_ 4X :"7!%%B!2 1JT5)&’M@{_ T5 :"7"%%N
! "# ,2NnCIn6D7zV.AB‘{@$*)$pZ3,2I3bf+.?f*abXLMZqw
$%%#$ "%Z $%%:$ &%O1JT5)n,2BC:;ES.,2I3bf+6V/6.ABo!Q?@h=
>Mzrs5q.>?*xyz{|?f,2.I3bf+u:N{2XW’R{2f6xR{2"ZQ+o{/
3,x9+,0|"x(NBO,2BC:;ES*P. !/,2I3bf+:\?f*Xc|ES.GH/wB!
CBXb]Ggwuvz{,2I3bf+6V/6Z,2&.:;ESh,267.n=>%&SXw
$%&| ,2B:;BI3bf+B!Q?4
’()*+#’:#828% ,-./0#- ,12+#7%%7 ; :!993$%%&4%# ; %%9: ; %"
cde#|$%%9 ; %9 ; %:w
+hi0|CD]d{Z_(?[\U{i09$%%#<-=%9-7%%7NBv;)h67r&KCDU{i09 >(’)?,%#%:Nw
" 7\wZ}guhw
!""#$"%&%’ ($)*#+*,& +*# -.& /&0+-1"*’.12 31-. 4*51%"*6&*-+0 7+,-"%’
+- 8199&%&*- :),,&’’1"*+0 :-+;&’ "9 !"#$%&’&( )"*)’&+(
9(’-&%+0&’|<"62"’1-+&N
@A5 BCD7 .40 @04ED5F7 G05F ’HDIDA5F7 972 !"# $%&’(%)’(# *’( +,-.,/0-)0(" %12 3’14"(.%),’1 ’* 5,1,4)(# ’* 620/%),’1*7",8,19 :’("4)(# ;1,."(4,)# 7",8,19 7%%%98B
$2 :’("4) <,4"%4"4 %12 =14"/) >"4)4 3’1)(’- %12 ?0%(%1),1" +)%),’1 ’* @,19A,% B0, C0)’1’D’04 E"9,’1 F,1/G0%1 :"%%%!B
82 :’("4) ?0%(%1),1" +)%),’1 ’* $,19H0 @,19A,% $,19H0 :"7!%%B!2 ?0%(%1),1" +)%),’1 ’* F%1/G, :’("4)(# 70("%0 @,19A,% :"7"%%N
($’-%+,-| C()"D,4,% ’(2’4,/% DK A5 DLM0NOA5O KHN4P JDQC1R QDKONDP4OCQ D5 50NOHCN5 (HD5A S0N T0LPAOD5F QCKCNODSDTAOD056 ?CTC5O1R
1ANFC ANCAK 0S C 6 ’(2’4,/% JCNC QALAFCQ PR KCUCNA1 KMCTDCK 0S J00QP0NCNK 6 V0JCUCN*SCJ KO4QDCK HAUC S0T4KCQ 05 OHCKC
J00QP0NCNK 0S C 6 ’(2’4,/% 6 ,0 PCOOCN 45QCNKOA5Q OHC NC1AOD05KHDMK PCOJCC5 0TT4NNC5TC 0S OHCKC J00QP0NCNK A5Q C5UDN05LC5OA1
SATO0NK*A KRKOCLAODT K4NUCR JAK T05Q4TOCQ AO 8 QDSSCNC5O K4TTCKKD05A1 KOAFCK 0S C 6 ’(2’4,/% D5 @A5THD*+D5FIDA V4D -4O050L04K
NCFD05*(HD5A SN0L WAR $%%# O0 ’CMOCLPCN $%%: 6 ,HC NCK41OK KH0JCQ OHAO OHC J00QP0NCNK AOOATXD5F C 6 ’(2’4,/% D5T14QCQ|
B’-/’/"(04 %()"D,4,%"*C2’4’I,04 KM6*+IG"1’I)"(% KM6 A5Q A KMCTDCK 0S ,0NONDTDQAC 6 -11 OHCKC ! J00QP0NCN KMCTDCK AOOATXCQ C 6
’(2’4,/% AO 8 QDSSCNC5O K4TTCKKD05A1 KOAFCK 0S C 6 ’(2’4,/%*A5Q OHC Q0LD5A5O KMCTDCK JCNC A1OCN5AODUC AO CATH K4TTCKKD05A1 KOAFC 6
.D5CAN KOCMJDKC NCFNCKKD05 A5A1RKDK JAK 4KCQ O0 CKOAP1DKH NC1AOD05K PCOJCC5 C5UDN05LC5O SATO0NK A5Q M0M41AOD05 QR5ALDTK 0S OHCKC
J00QP0NCN KMCTDCK 6
=&> 3"%#’| C()"D,4,% ’(2’4,/%BK4TTCKKD05BJ00QP0NCNBAP45QA5TC
,29C()"D,4,% ’(2’4,/%N9h{2Nug,981
#2FLZ8u.NVx~+{J*NnCNV{
9.G)‘{xmf*O‘bS{Rh}JPs35
q&qoH@s$#[b*nLC0iABu]
9I_X)\L5**7&98B/rQ*7&&!Ban1
**$%%!B/^:**$%%:N*o#)hnKrsit
S8T.?@9qwl**7&&:BvU*$%%%B;DC
**$%%#BGHA0 ") %- 6*$%%#Bq[{**$%%:B.D ")
%- 6*$%%:B(HC5F ") %- 6*$%%:B-~a**$%%9Ban
1**$%%9N*G@8h,2I3bf+6V/6?
fhK6{\=>45?@.Z4L2w
)$p*,2&I3bf+{2XW’
9C2’4’I,04 KM6NR{2f6x9B’-/’/"(04 %()"D,4,%"NR
{2"ZQ+9 +IG"1’I)"(% KM6No{/"x(.3
,f+OPDER1JRAB,2XLMZqw,267=Wx‘b{>R
‘b{>RsA{>c*(gASZRb.c#67
x};98C())?@x*!""!Bqwl**!""#BvU*$%%%Nw/
nO,267:;~E8*,2I3bf+./<
o!Q’=k4*%&k4\?w=>Mz*PQ*
ah, $%%&K$%%#$OP5B{\5,2:;. ’
|ES*nI3bf+6V/6.ABx}o=>
Mz.45rsi?@w
! 786no
!"! ^_IYZ
T5)=,1Jg@F,J8)J*P5B{
\HxW9’#(%)*$%+K’,(!%*’%+-R!%&(’’*!%+K!%#(
)#*’%+.Nwn^7,NVx~+4zn^*$:n
N &/% 0 ,/1 2*$:OPQ $1% 0 ’1% 33*#K" %
y$OPQ. &,/’4*$:}CQZ $ %%% 33 9
Pw\z%3vBzaZk\6A\R{>6A!0ugw[\|=vB\{\P.w9hk\P.B;|?CB;|w>?\,2&.
+<&’Z|x‘b{>*\Y8!$%4*,2Y8
!’/"4*\z(0-x"B@AvB9,2Zv*u
\{q9 !"#$%&’())*+ &*,"-,.NR+N9 /%$#.&-$+*+
’-&01&%01+#2*+N*2QDs/w‘b{>*\Y8
$14 0 1%4*,2Y8 $&/!4*\z[%$^OEx
"m]^:?Z|=s$x"B@A9,2ZD6
/*Ds/vB\\F9A9/)-#.0%"-,-. .3*1$$%.1NR
+A{&z9 4-.&-5-61 517*$#21NRAfG^’H
9!.0$1"1)*. +-)#)%0%#5-.NR8!XI98*&’%$9#1 -.*)1NR
k&J9:1..#1 51.(&’())1NR{K9 !))#*+ &$%.0$10*+NR
HA94-(+*. .-21)#,*.N*wsA{>*\Y8 ’14 0
&%4*,2Y8 ’!/)4*\z[[C@):.|=s
$x"B@A9,2ZD6/*2Y/vBZLT
A9 ;-01$#1 7#$#5#.NRvMA9 8$1"$%.0#. &#)%.1NR(J
9/’-,%&%5#*+ 1$#.010*+NR17N9 <=-$#. 2’#,-,.#.NR8
!XIR\t98*&’%$9#1 ’*+#>*.1N*\Aw
!"# 78DE
45&uO?h,267.:;ai98C(
)qwl**!""#BvU*$%%%N*QR\LM{ & 53$
.x‘b{>9!NR‘b{>9"NRsA{>56J
9#N*45I3bf+n,2.?fE8*O!R"R
#56J8u:QD !)R!’R!$%[n*[nXYZ
!% 3 6 !% 39778779*!""#B=/r**$%%)NwOc
%[nP*3L*}]cn_X/[no*lc|[
nP/D $% d,2u:aK’(Rv4koeD
**aO>?] $%d,2PI3bf+./3R!Q*UVc/I3bf+.+=K8wGc*
}] 1i,/[no*5O[n.8uo4_kV
b 1| ! 3 6 ! 3.Y[n*aO$7c|Y[nP
la.A<@$./x"K8*,2Y8Z[\P,2’(.\o:[LM94N*,2’(UV+,Z$6 /; :$ 6 /<:$
9=3$N*,8 /; Z,2’(.(vx39=3N*/< Z
,2’(.(mx39=3N9>?@ -0 1) A*$%%)NB,2
K8Z[\P,2d!:[\LM9da3B$NB,2
eD}]F64=+JcwF$,!&bBw=9
! C>0\R$ CA\R’ CwqR) Cw8R1 Cwn9,
1’**!""#Nz#BwX9 % CA\R! CPzwR$
Cdzwz#B\zx"C%$^OEx"R’ C[i^h,s$x"R) C[
%h^Q|="PQ94N}] D;$E UP|=PuXa‘
abw
!"$ QF]f
n,267:; ’|ES.=>?Q9h,2
I3bf+|%!Q.3u}]JC!@6
FGHI5?JK?M?JRILI NS T?GL?M=PN9h UH5PR#AtS9UH5PR ONIQK
@N= O?LGVLIP =N3O?GLINMINuvw,2I3bf+K8
6=>Mz0.45}]Xb]Ggwuv9QJ
]*!"")N*9P.!5uv:7]!LqUK^
>W>>!!/12B9/Dl**$%%’Nw
$ xy6uv
#"! $%lm&’()$*m+j@";=+m
>?xyz{|BC:;ES,2&.I3b
f+vB\ )/*u:N?f,24J.{2XW
’9S,0|’u(NR4J.{2f6x9+,0|
f6x(NR4Jo,+J.{2"ZQ+
9;&’-,%&0-$1 IOAN9S,0|ZQ+(No4Jo,+
J.{/"x(9+,0|"x(N.3,f+*] )
/f+9}+?f,24o,+Jmab,2
Zqw
j- !8Y|P. )/,2I3bf+O,2
:;.w|ES:\?f*OsA{>ES,2I
3bf+|%!Q(#*x‘b{>ES(2wt
j,O,2.:;~E8*,267.$/ABR#
[bRno8h[X.=>_)Cs{59.?@9
,, & ’ ( ) )1"
- ! ,2BC:;ESI3bf+.+=K8
"#$% ! &’()*+,#’- ./-0#,#/0 ’1 #-0/2, 3’4/40 +, .#11/4/-, 0)22/00#’-+* 0,+$/0 ’1 ! % "#$"%&’(
/rQ*!556Bqwl**!557BvU*8999B,7;
**8998N*+ 6/f+.?fE8,\{b.3uw
Ox‘b{>ES*"x(.3,f+.|%!Q
hH9) : 9;9!Qy+ESI3bf+\!. 6>;?@BO‘b{
>ES*{2XW’o{2f6x.|%!QhH
9) : 9;9u:y3+ESI3bf+\!. =<;7@ o
==;!@BOsA{>ES*{2"ZQ+.!QG
hH9) : 9;9!NX,Kv = /I3bf+*K|%
!Qy+ESI3bf+\!. >5;>@wO,2
67:;. =|ES8*?f,2.I3bf+.
GH/wB!CB{2f6xR{2XW’R{2"
ZQ.|%!QO,2:;. =|ES3u:hH
9) : 9;9!N*{2f6xo{2XW’.|%!Q
O‘b{>ES.|%!QhHF,Kv 8 |E
S*{2"ZQ.|%!QzaZ]^>#ROsA
{>ESK|%!Q;3(XB"x(.3,f+
.|%!QO,2:;. = |ES;\hH3u
9) A 9;9!"! $%lm&’()@/bgIj+Xe=$J
,267O:;.Q089~E8*w:;E
S.=>MzAVu],A+*GG%&K/6!
Q*8}~Xbgw^U@6%&,2I3bf+
+=K8.vB=>Mzw
z !Z,2I3bf+K86=>Mzgw^
U8.F?QhK}~wK8*x‘b{>M?Q
Z|*! Z,2I3bf++=K89]_ad B !z
#*qCN**!!Z{2f6x.+=K8**!8Z{2
XW’.+=K8**!=Z{2"ZQ+.+=K
8**!6Z"x(.3,f+.+=K8B‘b{>
osA{>ES.M?QVWG2<=w
45P.?QVW*n 6/,2I3bf+.
+=K86=>MzrsXb]Ggw@6iz
8wjz 88Y|;\,267:;.rs*%&,
2I3bf+?f.=>Mz,Cs\!o.?
@wOx‘b{>ES*wXo|="PQN%&
,2I3bf++=K8.vB=>MzB‘b{
>ES*,2v4k8oeDN%&,2I3bf
++=K8.vB=>MzBsAES*,2Y8
ox"N%&,2I3bf++=K8.vB=>
Mzw
K;*C{/,2I3bf+*O,2:;.B
C.ES*%&K+=K8.=>,B2^!Cw
’Ox‘b{>ES*wXo|="PQN{2f
6x+=K8.vB%&MzB‘b{>ES*,
O # bcDB’cthyl+
$%&’# ()*+,+)*+)- .%/0%&1+2 34*+ 54/ /+6/+2204) +78%-04)
}P C’./ +! +8 += +6
Mz ,2v4k8 A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2’I/4+$/F@ J’#* K+,/4 2’-,/-,F@
}P C’./ +< +> +7 +?
Mz ,2’( @$/"+2,’4 C4’K- .#+E/,/4 ’1 ! % "#$"%&’(F2E8 L/$/,+,#’- 0(/2#/0 ! % "#$"%&’( ./-0#,HF#-.#Ia(*+-, B ! ! % "#$"%&’(
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+$/F+
}P C’./ +5 +!9 +!!
Mz w= wX x""+2,’4 J*’(/ (’0#,#’- M0(/2, C4)0, ,H(/
5?! ># T L*|,2BC:;ESI3bf+!Q?46=>.45
2v4k8oeDNK+=K8.vB%&MzB
3sAES*AK8.vB=>Mzw
O ! $%lm&’(),*m+jj-
.BI@/bgk/0bc!
"#$%! &’()*+( ,- (+’./0(’ 1’21’((0,3 #3#*4(0( $’+/’’3 $,1’1
03(’5+ .,.)*#+0,3 6’3(0+0’( #36 (+#36 7#10#$*’(
#+ 60--’1’3+ ()55’((0,3#* (+#2’( ,- ! % "#$"%&’(
gw^U !"#$"%%&’( )’*"+ ! "
x‘b{>
,")&-.&/"*
*0("
#1 2 34567 8 34957 $13 : 774;17 $< 54569 34;39!!
#11 2 349=6 8 3413; $13 : 54<7$< 1<436 34;<;!!
#17 2 : 3433< 8 3411> $5 =4=;7 34>7=!
#19 2 : 34311 8 3499> $7 >46;5 34656!
#1< 2 3461< 8 14;;7 $7 : 1>4<3< $<
: 343>7$> 8 34;<5 $9
17475 34515!!
‘b{>
?&/"* *0("
#7 2 34165 : 3477>$1 8 3465;$; 164=;3 34;=1!!
#71 2 3416 : 34116 $1 8 3415<$; 194;53 34;6;!!
#77 2 : 34>1> 8 347<;$; =4><3 34><3!
#79 2 : 343>1 8 34<99$7 : 3436>$= 774=<6 34536!!
sA{>
@$’A&(#
#$B%% *0("
#9 2 1415> : 64=6;$9 8 349>=$11 1<4395 34;=3!!
#91 2 3435< 8 345=9$7 : 341=5$= 134919 34;9#97 2 : 34717 8 3411=$11 >4;=6 34>9;!
#99 2 74317 : 6495=$9 ;4331 34>>=!
#9< 2 : 34765 8 3437<$1 8 3419$= 1>457; 34;;5!!
! !|% C 3436B!!|% C 3431 D
2t*gG C
Xs$*tNO,2:;.C{ES*%&,2I3
bf+.=>Mz,B2^!Cw9sA{>ES
pv*%&{2f6x+=K8.=>MzNA<
XY8o,2K8*x"+=K8.vB=>Mz*,2Y8N{2"ZQ
++=K8.vB%&Mz*,2v4k8o,2
K8N%&"x(.3,f+K8.vB=>
Mzw
9 Yx6<.
O@A:;.~E8*@$67.$/ABR#
[bRno8h[X.=>_)Cs{59.?@
9/rQ*155%&3678A+/6!Q.?49,’0EFA’’* &’
() D*15=5BG$HB &’ () D*7333B I(#’+. &’ () D*7337B
J"KL’$("B &’ () D*7339BNm**7336BG*A&( &’ () D*
733>NwM2*?@,267BC:;ES.I3b
f+/6436=>.45*n,|#I3bf+
O,2:;~E8.?f12hy,\AB9yw
2I3bf+6V/6.\%!Q]^>#*t-
\{2"ZQ+.|%!Q{h>#*"x(.3
,f+.|%!Qe]^‘2*@{2XW’o{
2f6x.|%!QeNL>?M‘2wO,2&
:;.~E8*,2&I3bf+6V/6.GH
/j(Dx‘b{>ES"x(.3,f+"‘b
{>ES{2XW’o{2f6x"sA{>ES
{2"ZQ+wAB]{a’.LM8*6+I3
bf+.s$)ab\4*5{2f6xo{2X
W’6{2"ZQ!tK%UodQSX*X{2
f6x\.N?f.a’*- 7/f+.MB+-
O3AK?f.,2P<~*@{2"ZQ+,O
AKvf+?fc.,2PRiZOx3\z 73 M)
.,2,J?fDdB{{nL*O,267.:
;~E8*67.s3=>,Csi?@*]w?@
,n,2&I3bf+.:;s?i%&wOx‘
b{>ES{\K\,~*@$/<2@<,*67
’XN8?@6"*!nR8IBO‘b{>ES*
@$/<>#*XY8X*s$QF*O:n’Mz
.*k>,BOsA{>ES*@$/<(#*K8
(X*t|=4N*RbbSF9qwl**155=Bq
rA**7336B/^:**733=NwM2*89=6O
,267lx‘b{>3sA{>.:;~E8*
5q]^b,!nRb.A"^3*ZI3bf+
kEi+?Rb.G\n=>BCQMZ:;-#
I3bf+.?f*7i,2svHOI*l@+R,I3bf+.Csw
nPx.*,2&I3bf+6V/6.?@
Z,267:;ES.%&SX*Oy,8o45
,2&.:;&’*}DV_.>H%*rsy,w
Z [ , -
I_X)\L5*8C()m({9?@x** D15;9 DP5B{JFG]^GKf)R] D
I_|()l]‘|;9 : ;QJ] D 155< DA+!)s3) DI_|()l]‘*955 : <39D
v U D 7333 DP5B{\,267.S=:; D@$s3)Z*7<
97N|7<9 : 7<=D
=/r*RsI*2)X** D 733< D19@A$/#[bns0O8
.GH D s3)Z*7>9>N|11<> : 11<5 D
-~a*-~U*-J<** D 733; D(/!"‘{&#/6#O8y
Mh/04u Do]s3)Z*159D
;DC*q[{*=+)** D 733> DP5B{\x‘b{>,2/6
n|=R8s0uKb.&o Do]s3)Z*1=9;N|1<>5 :
1<=q[{*=+)*FfV** D 733= D,2:;67K8n|=R8o
\IKs0uKb.&o D@$s3)Z*919>N|11<6 : 1169D
qwl*j)$*#B)** D 155= D,267BC:;ES2w67
a6.?@ D@$s3)Z*719>N|691 : 69;D
qrA*-rJ**n|** D 7336 D~+x~+\J!"‘{mf&
s35q:?a6 Ds3)Z*769;N|15=< : 15;3D
35 & ’ ( ) <6"
an1*/h0*K k** ! "##$ !,29!"#$%&’&( )"*)’&+(Nnx~+
J{\s>._ohKs3u] !I_zWX))Z9FG()
]*$#9%N|&’$ ( &)# !
an1*/h0*-s)** ! "##’ ! P5B{\,29 !"#$%&’&(
)"*)’&+(N/6s0yMnt !s3)Z*"’9%N|*)#* ( *)*#!
N m*js‘*dbe !"##% !/f2345&Z|:;ESY7$
8.|=4$67 !s3)Z*"%9+N|$&& ( $,+ !
,1’*;2A*/4> !*)), !!Q@L.9!N6wD’u#|gw
noO19\Js$QdaP.tS !&’()*+9&N|$’* (
$’, !
/Dl*=B- !"##+ !!5qUuv6 -.--o] !I_|!CWIl
]‘ !
,7;*&wJ*tw‘** ! "##" !!mFX{w_S!"@AJs
>6@A?@?@ !s3)Z*""9+N|$++ ( $+) !
/^:*q%o*’^&** ! "##, !,2?@n. !A’()*"$9’N|
+# ( +%!
/rQ ! *))$ !P5B{\.s3d*GKA\DV.Le6G@^
, !@$s3)Z**’9*N|* ( *&!
8C(){9{w_\JS{,L?@9PN! Bc|1J!Cl]‘*
", ( %,!
//0//19/234565 /78839955 :7; 08<=5854934> ?@ /74A549374 97 /78BC9
1565;93:3DC9374N! *)), ! /234C /7E49;F .C<5; 97 /78BC9 1565;93:3DC9374!
G53H34>|/234C I7;569;F .EB=36234> J7E65*$#!
/254> K*L4 -*/254 M*$# (, ! "##, ! - 6<5D356*
CB7A5 N>;7E4O B378C66*@*C4O . 34 O5>;CO5O >;C66=C4O6 34 P;O76
.=C95CE*47;92Q5695;4 /234C! M7E;4C= 7: L;3O R4A3;7485496*&’|&%" (
&&, !
S7Q5 R /*J5C=5FD M S*M7456D T R*$# (, ! "##& ! I5;93=3U5; C<<=3DC9374
OE;34> <;38C;F 6EDD566374 D2C4>56 925 69;ED9E;5 7: <=C49 C4O 25;B3A7;5
D788E439356! G37=7>3DC= /7465;AC9374**+*|%*# ( %""!
JEE65=CNV53697=C R*VC6C;C3454 L! "### ! .=C49 6EDD566374 34 <5;5443C= >;C66
69;3<6 C4O 5::5D96 74 925 O3A5;639F 7: =5C:27<<5;69 J787<95;C*
LED2547;;2F4D2CN! L>;3DE=9E;5 RD76F69586 C4O R4A3;748549*’#|
*#* ( **"!
J5FB7;45C W J*X3==5;C M /*.C;6746 T Y! "##+ ! T;7E4O OQ5==34> B559=56
C4O :7;569 A5>59C9374 D2C4>5 7A5; C *,NF5C;N<5;37O*34 Q5695;4 P;5>74*
?-L! I7;569 RD7=7>F C4O XC4C>58549**,)|*"+ ( *+$!
Y3 / .*K3C7 / W! "##,! LB7A5 C4O B5=7Q>;7E4O B378C66 7: !"#$%&’&(
)"*)’&+( D788E439356 34 92;55 D749;C6934> 2CB39C96 7: 925 XE ?6 O565;9*
47;925;4 /234C! M7E;4C= 7: L;3O R4A3;7485496*,#|*)% ( "#,!
-C2 M .*S766 X -*Z7<9E; -*$# (, ! "##$ ! R6938C934> CB7A5>;7E4O B378C66 7:
B;7CO=5CA5O Q77OF <=C496 34 925 E4O5;697;F 7: I=7;3OC Z5F6 <345 :7;5696!
I7;569 RD7=7>F C4O XC4C>58549*"#+*+*) ( +")!
-95::C4N15Q5495; 0*[6D2C;49\5 [! "##" ! 0465D9 D788E439356 C4O B3793D
3495;CD93746 74 :;C>85495O DC=DC;57E6 >;C66=C4O6KC 8343 ;5A35Q!
G37=7>3DC= /7465;AC9374**#$|",% ( "’$!
-7E92Q77O [ S R*G;7Q4 V Z*S5CO5; . X! *),) ! S5=C9374623<6 7: <=C49 C4O
3465D9 O3A5;639356 34 6EDD566374! G37=7>3DC= M7E;4C= 7: 925 Y3445C4
-7D359F**"*+", ( +$’!
]2C7 Y M*K3C7 J Y*Y3E K J! "##& ! VC;3C93746 7: :7=3C; DC;B74 36797<5
O36D;3834C9374 C4O 4E9;3549 D74D549;C93746 34 !"#$%&’&( )"*)’&+( C4O
-("(.(/( 0)"’1&/’0&& C9 925 67E925C695;4 8C;>34 7: /234C^6 [54>>5;
1565;9 ! R4A3;748549C= T57=7>F*%#|"’% ( ")$!
!"#$% YZ[)
*)! &# T L*|,2BC:;ESI3bf+!Q?46=>.45