利用3期TM遥感数据、652块地面调查样地数据,湿地分布图、植被分布图及地形图数据,对三江源高寒湿地典型区近20年的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明: 各种地类的面积均有不同程度的变化,河流、湖泊、低盖度草地、沼泽地等4种类型的面积呈下降趋势,中盖度草地、高盖度草地、河滩地、裸岩石砾地和沙地等5种类型的面积呈上升趋势。减少幅度最大的是沼泽地16.73%,增加幅度最大的是沙地123.58%。河流、湖泊、沼泽地和河滩地等湿地面积从1990年到2007年共减少40 320.92 hm2,占湿地总面积的11.18%,减少速度为每年0.66%。由此估计,如果不实施保护,大约在150年之后,该区域的湿地将全部消失。不同时期各地类面积组分排序没有发生变化,表明地类在该区域所占空间大小的比例相对稳定。从斑块类型水平看,随着地类面积的减少,斑块形状的复杂性、破碎化、离散分布减弱。从景观水平看,多样性、均匀度、聚集度增加,优势度下降。
Data of TM remote sensing in three time,652 sample plots, wetland distribution, vegetation distribution and topographic map was used to analysis change trend of of alpine wetlands in three rivers‘ source region near twenty years. The result was that: area of each land type has different degree change. Area of river,lake,low coverage grassland and marsh present decrease trend. Area of middle coverage grassland, high coverage grassland, river bottomland, nakerock and sandland present increase trend.Decrease scope of marsh is the bigges(16.73%), Increase scope of sandland is the biggest(123.58%).Wetland area of river, lake, marsh and river bottomland reduce 40 320.92 hm2 from 1990 to 2007 year, it is 11.18% of total wetland area, each year reduced percentage is 0.66%,this show that all wetland will be disappeared after 150 year in this area if it don‘t protected.Range of area constitution of different land type hasn‘t change, show that proportion of each land type occupied space is relate steady. Type patches level show in pace with reducing of land type area, shape complex,fragmentation and dispersion of patches is decreasing. Landscope level show diversity, evenness and aggregation of patches is increasing,supperiority is decreasing.
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