免费文献传递   相关文献

Physiological Diagnosis Indices of Ancient Pines, Pinus tabulaeformis

古油松衰弱衰老诊断的生理指标


选取颐和园不同树龄油松及其衰弱株的一年生针叶为试材,测量不同季节的针叶单位质量的长度、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等指标。结果表明: 与健康油松比较,衰弱油松树冠不完整,一年生针叶柔弱细长,针叶单位质量的长度值大; 衰弱油松叶绿素含量低、光合能力弱,叶绿素a/b值低,光能利用效率低。在一年的生长季节中,油松MDA含量随针叶的发育逐渐升高; 与健康油松比较,衰弱油松针叶MDA含量远高于健康油松,而针叶SOD总活性和SOD比活力均低于健康油松,其抗氧化能力弱。这些结果说明: 针叶单位质量的长度、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、SOD活性等可以作为古油松衰弱衰老的诊断指标。

This research investigated the physiological and biochemical diagnosis indices of the weak and senescent ancient pines, Pinus tabulaeformis which were expected to provide scientific basis for their rejuvenation and management. The annual pine needles were used as materials from healthy or weak pines with different ages in the Summer Palace in Beijing. The ratio of mass to length, chlorophyll content, MDA content, SOD activitiy of pine needles were measured. The results showed that, comparing with healthy pine, the senescing and weak one had irregular crown, soft and slim needles with higher ratio of mass to length, lower chlorophyll content and ratio of chlorophyll a/b. The MDA content increased with needle development during growth period, and was higher MDA content in senescing and weak ancient pines, The senescing pine had lower total SOD activitiy and SOD specific activitiy. It was summarized that the ratio of mass to length, chlorophyll content, MDA content, SOD activitiy of pine needles could be used as indices to diagnose the senescence and weakness of ancient pines.Finally it was discussed that these physiological indices were used to indicate the growth status of ancient pines.


全 文 :!!"
" !
!
#
# $ % %
$
!
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1!
,234!# $ % %
?Ð|@@ABî?M‚ÑÛ
!
Jlm
%
5
nop
#
5
3qk
%
5
rMs
#
5
_tu
%
"%4
\XDE)DyM€µp)F
5

%$$%96$ #4
gÖä&()lmþ
5

%$$%$##
!
5
"
!5
ĊCnä-.ÑþÐ|Ö¢@»?³$MûF¥‰„
!
i‘-.š#?ûF%Wú‘?I0
%

9—‘
%
-‡D
"YB,#
—‘
%
z”•€E•Õ
"&[B#
:;çÑÛ
&
‡ˆ‰_

y¶ýÐ|Êü
!
@Ð|ÑJ-¹
T
!
³$MûFF4I
!
ûF%Wú‘?I0ªE
$
@Ð|FÚ9—‘ž
%
tóF
!
FÚ9
GrV
ªž
!

…ñþiž
&
¡³$?MIš#!
Ð|
YB,
—‘èûF?(¹ôõ3ý
$
y¶ýÐ|Êü
!
@Ð|ûF
YB,
—‘´ýŸ¶ýÐ|
!
ÚûF
&[B
–:;n
&[B
Ê:FžŸ¶ýÐ|
!
¢š”•óF
&
…‰‡ˆ?_

ûF
%Wú‘?I0
%
FÚ9—‘
%YB,
—‘
%&[B
:;ç56Æ¥?Ð|@@A?BîÑÛ
&
#$%
5

$
Ð|
$
@
$

$ &[B$ YB,
&()*
! &"9%1#8!555
+,-./
!,555
+01*
!%$$% ?"!>>"#$%%#$! ?$$!6 ?$7
¦§¨#
#$%$ ?$8 ?#8$
©ª¨#
#$%$ ?%$ ?%6&
«¬­®

gÖ9
#$$"
$(µG/RS­®
"B$"$!$7$$68$$$$# &
!ýHC¥ÄÅÆÇ
&
O>@.(&2&5($-29(-5)&.(.T)0($#.&"/)$(#)%O()#.! +&2$%1"5$#"./)6&%
iN/KJ%
5/EFIJOPDE
#
5APGEFPGEFoJEF
%
5iN INE\D
#
5iG/kNE2JEF
%
"%"@$+&,&$:3,%$2$A)12C E.$(&*/2$+$,)! @/.21 3,%.*0+(0%1+42.5&%.()5E&.J.2, %$$%96$
#"E&.J.2, ?2(.(0(&$:812C*1<&12C 3%*/.(&*(0%&5E&.J.2, %$$%$##
/7.%,-$%5+PJQ3DQDG3OP JEUDQHJFGHDR HPD2PSQJ/0/FJOG0GER VJ/OPDGEOJDEH2JEDQ! !.20(190+1&:$%A.LPJOP LD3DDW2DOHDR H/23/UJRDQOJDEHJTJOVGQJQT/3HPDJ33DsNUDEGHJ/E GER +PDGEENG02JEDEDDR0DQLD3DNQDR GQ@DJsJEF4+PD3GHJ//T+PD3DQN0HQQP/LDR HPGH! O/<2G3JEFLJHP PDG0HPS2JED! HPDQDEDQOJEFGER LDG] /EDPGR J33DFN0G3O3/LE! Q/THGER Q0J<
EDDR0DQLJHP PJFPD33GHJ//TJEO3DGQDR LJHP EDDR0DRDUD0/22JEDQ! +PDQDEDQOJEF2JEDPGR 0/LD3H/HG0&[BGOHJUJHJSGER &[BQ2DOJTJOGOHJUJHJS4(HLGQQN<QDEDQODEODGER LDG]EDQQ/TGEOJDEH2JEDQ4CJEG0SJHLGQRJQONQQDR HPGHHPDQD2PSQJ/0/FJOG0JERJODQLD3DNQDR H/JERJOGHD
HPDF3/LHP QHGHNQ/TGEOJDEH2JEDQ4
B#@ C&,0.5GEOJDEH2JEDQ$ !.20(190+1&:$%A.$ LDG]$ RJGFE/QJQ$ &[B$ YB,
55
?Ñù"€¿Ý
%
›%¿Ý
%
°±n–•Ø˜?
Rã`Þºq
!
û<&f?MN*ª
%
¨í*ª
%
„
I–•*ªnMä()lm*ª
"
Ý÷
!#$$8#&
Ð
?Ñ3ŸÑþý
!
M‚=ó1P
!
5º?•¦óFn
vMóF-
!
ghMI~
!
ÚM¥í,?º•
!
ì:?я<-.P0?@
%
@A"ÔJ
&
g
Ö9ä&(lþ€å¿…~

6gÖ9¥Ë
!
Ñ
$<
$16_
??ÑÔJ
!
ŸÔÕ±N??ÑȖ
j?
0_
ÎÏ
%
@±N?–È
8_&
?Ñ?@
%
@AùTâÑj¯N
%
‡YÖM‚
=óœ(M@\?àá¤Ê
!
ùÑj°ØÞ?9
%
í,?9n¥?9?
&
Ï Ñ0>
"
±nC
!%999#%
Ñþ
"
Áq&ç
!%99>#
ç56Ê?
Ñéq¥-.Ír{¼Êülm
&
lm@AÑÛ?
³"!
‡FT§
%
FÚj‡Y
"
ÁKþ
!
%99>#%
FÚ9—‘
"
l`Lç
!%99"#%
Šx€9
—‘
"
Ý!M
!%998#%
tñi
%
–Nº
%
LŒ—‘
%
š”•Õ
"
¯OPç
! #$$% #%
ôQҔ•˜€
"IGsJERD3!%9>% #%
"€œ9
"
lRJç
! #$$8 #%
I*GQD
:Fç
&
€å?Ñ?¶ý±
!
iw@?
& ( )
!"
"
5
ÑM‚M•ÑÛ
!
SïÑ~;ÑÛ
!
_Šgh¢@
?£ã?9
!
<ÀŸ?Ѷý±?BînÇ*
!
ù
‚w()‚l&TÐ?«x
&
Ð|
"!.20(190+1&:$%A.#
ÑLUV?G
!
éF

!
Bšè
!
Wä5¡4$6K
!
FŸXY
%
Z
w
&
¡KgêN?ä&
%
›%NH¥F
$
.ƒ
ùKg
%
fgêN£ã?#™º&ц
!
û¨í
%
MNn/[*ª
&
Ð|ùgÖCnä?£ã
ц9³
!
?Ð|ùCnä„I–•?Rã`Þº
q
&
Ú*$!
!
äÔ³‰?Ð|ï¤Z-.P0?
@
&
&lm6Cnä?-.ÑþÐ|¥7Ê
!
r
B?Ð|@A@ÑÛ
!
¥Ç*?Ð|¶ý±
%
‚
wÂ^?G&TÐ÷ˆ3ÿ
&
%5
„…n†‡
‰+¡
#$$"*#$$9
${¼
!
Ÿ
#$$>
$n
#$$9
${¼àኬ
&
FEFG
íxyz
Ð|ûF«°gÖCnä
&
3ÿgÖ9ú‘µ
p\]å
1
?Ñ]ÉÇ*ÛÜ
2
Ï Ð|Ñþ
!
ÊÐ
|éq¥
;#$!#$ b!9!8$ b99!%$$ b#99"
n‡Í?
Ñ
#
n#
6$$
$
"
n³Í?Ñ
#
Ð|
&
¡?ÑÐ|!
y¶ýÐ|Êü
!
Êû<Ñ0
!
ÑÎE‘Å^
!
é
F•L
!
ÑJ-¹T
!
Ýa,.Rçfg?wJ¥@
Ð|
!
{¼7ʊ¬
&
¡@Ð|!
qrÄQÑ
þ
%$$ b#99
n#
6$$
$??Ð|
"
"
%#&
¡
7
%1
¾Ð|ûF+«&IïšdbŠ¬
& 7
%1¾
%"
%

%9
%K¾
%%$
%K¾n
%#
%K¾›Š¬
%
î
&
-.Ñþ¶ýÐ|
%
@Ð|œqrÄQ(‰;"
»
6
»
!
K_
%$
SŠÑJ\ºs¯ºW?éoK³
$M?|û
!
–ª*+,
!
ŠûF\ºiw›­M‚
ÑÛ
&
FEDG
‡ˆ¬-b‹†
%1#1%5
wbx[ye+zB<=
5
Š³$MûFñ
wëi‘–I
!
™CܖR‘
!
kÿ–I0
r
–R‘
&
©
6
»KŠ„
!
Ñ»Š
6
A
!
ÑAŠ
%$
û
!
¾
9$
û
&
%1#1#5
bJcde<=
5
ûFÒ>ñÛ`IŸ
,/1m÷
!
8`ú8ºšŸËI
7!9!778 E<
iw÷Šl•t0
!
6Û`I¥Åº7 
&
–
FÚ9
%
FÚ9
G
nFÚ9
V
—‘?kÿf_qr
¥

FÚ9
Gh%61"$[B
778
?81"7[B
7!9
$
FÚ9
V h
#81>$[B
7!9
?"17$[B
778
$
FÚ9
GfV h71%$[B
778
f#$1$![B
7!9
!
%W¥
?%
"
ÁÅç
!#$$!#&
%1#165
{|}
!YB,"
de<=
5
«ñµèç
"#$$8#
†‡
!
Š
% <-
;Õln
$18 <-
Rö`3ð
÷
#18 <-
—<
$18_
h(`Êa¥?
8_
·ó¥
’ l
!
~ 
!
b ` t
%8 š ð ñ B a
!
8 $$$ 3,?%
í]
%$ KÃlŸËI
86#!
7$$ E<
iw•tª
&
%1#1!5
~i€i‚
!&[B"
ƒ„<=
5
Š
$18 F
ûFls¬
!

6 <-
B?—
$1% <?%
)B+,% 2c"1>
? A ¥ ~ Ë l ~  š l t ÷ Š
6$ ?%
ž/í]
%8 KÃln
¥;Õl
&
Š
$1#8 <-
;Õlñ‹Ù¡û
" i^
#8$#
+§‡iw5’;Nº—‘
&
ñ
*@+
t•Ü
v‡iw
&[B
:;
!
6‚
*@+
t•Üv
8$_
¥
³âÕ:;%W
"
µèç
!#$$8#&
&[B
Ê : F
"j,?%
g3/# h&[B
– : ;
"j,F
?%
CZ#r
5’;Nº—‘
"?%
CZ#&
#5
‡ˆyqz
DEFG
·¸°îïð±]

ñ¹Þ…ò=@ó™
-.Ñþn¶ý±?Ð|
!
Ñj¯N-.
&
©"
%
54

¶ýÐ|Ñ0>
!
ÑιT
!
éFO
±
!
ÑJ¹Ý
!
³$MûF;Æ
!
ہ5Ýa,
&
¢
;#$
$Ð|
"
"
% ?%#
Ñý
;%$ ÑÎcx–
$1% <$ #$ b!9
$Ð|
"
"
% ?##
Ñý–
%$ ÑÎ
cx
$1# b$16 <$ 8$ b99
$Ð|
"
"
% ?6#
Ñý
%$
b%8 ÑÎcx
$16 b$1! <$ %$$ b#99
$Ð|
"
"
% ?!#
Ñý
%8 b#$ ÑÎcx–
$1! <$
#
6$$
$Ð|
"
"
% ?7#
Ñý
=%7 ÑÎcx–
$18 <$
@?Ð|Ñ0
!
ÑÎE‘Å^
!
éF•L
!
ÑJ
-¹T
!
³$MûF‘5
!
{4Úd•
!
Ýa,.R
"
"
% ?8
n"
% ?"#&
Ð|¹TûF%Wú‘?I0j¤ZûF?t
óFnÛ¥<=€?óF
&
©"
#
54

¶ýÐ
|èÑþ?.3
!
ûF%Wú‘?I0¡
7!"!9

õPž
!
¡
%$
%n
%#
%
#$ b!9
$n
8$ b99
$?Æ
$Ð|´žŸ
;#$
$?žþÐ|
%%$$ b#99
$n#
6$$
$??Ð|
!
ûF;Æ
!
<=€G—Q[
&
@
Ð|ûF%Wú‘?I0ýŸ.Ñþ¶ýÐ|n
¢£Ñþ¶ýÐ|
!
¢\Ñþ
%$$ b#99
$@Ð|
Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ý
%#_ b6$_$
Ñþ#
6$$
$@
Ð|Ê.Ñþý
>_ b#!_$
Ñþ
%$$ b#99
$@
Ð|ýŸÑþ#
6$$
$@Ð|
&
¶ýy@Ð|
ûF?%Wú‘?I0œ<³wš#8•
&
¶ýÐ
|ûF%Wú‘?I0¡7š
%
ޚ-K3/0
!
¡
G—Z.•€š
!
ûF¡Yš8;Æ
!
ûF%Wú‘
?I01P
$
Ú@Ð|ûF%Wú‘?I0¡7
%
Þ
%
Y
6
šœ-K3/0
!
G—óF
&
!!
5!
!
# §efç

?Ð|@@ABî?M‚ÑÛ
3Y5F

@Ð|y¶ýÐ|Êü
!
ÑJ-
¹T
!
³$MûFF4I
!
ûF%Wú‘?I0ª
E
!
yžþÐ|Šõ
!
@Ð|ûF<=€úG—ü
5
&
y¶ýÐ|-.
!
¡³$?MIš#š
!

|ûF%Wú‘I0ª¡Yšˆ±¡3ý
!
£ãù
3ŸûF΀ú—‘1Pðñ
!
ûFF
&
"
%5
-.ÑþÐ|"»MI±
CJF4%5i3/LHP QHGHNQ/T!.20(190+1&:$%A.JE RJTD3DEHGFDQ
%1;#$
$
$ #1#$ b!9
$
$ 618$ b99
$
$ !1%$$ b#99
$
$ 81%$$ b#99
$@
$ 71
#
6$$
$
$ "1
#
6$$
$@
& %1;#$ G$ #1#$ b!9 G$ 618$ b99
G$ !1%$$ b#99 G$ 81%$$ b#99 GLDG]$ 71
#
6$$ G$ "1
#
6$$ GLDG]4
"\Á"¥Â^"»³$MûFMI±fw
&
þ<"jkŸ
#$$9
$
7
%1¾
& +PDJEED32GED0QG3DHPDJ0NQH3GHJ/EQ/THPD/ED^SDG32JEDEDDR0DQH/HPDO/33DQ2/ERJEF20GEHQ4,0J"
#5
-.ÑþÐ|"»ûF%Wú‘?I08•
CJF4#5PGEFDQ/T3GHJ//T0DEFHP H//T2JEDEDDR0DQJE RJTD3DEHGFDQ
*
(
* ;#$
$
;#$ G$ *
)
* #$ b8$
$
#$ b8$ G$ *d* 8$ b
%$$
$
8$ b%$$ G$ *
*
* %$$ b6$$
$
%$$ b6$$ G$ *
&
* %$$ b
6$$
$
%$$ b6$$ GLDG]$ *
+
*
#
6$$
$ #
6$$ G$ *
,
*
#
6$$
$
#
6$$ GLDG]4
1.
& +PDQGDEDG
·¸°îïðñ¹¹vÙ?=b^Ý
FÚ9ù"€tÆñ?£ã§9
!
4?—‘n
`ÞüwFtóF
&
FÚ9
G
nFÚ9
V

ª;<"€7tó…ñ?þi
&
©"
6,
54

¶ý
Ð|ûFFÚ9—‘¡
%$
%n
%#
%èÑþ?.3
ÚPž
!
¡
7!"!9
%èÑþ?.3ã3ý÷”ªšP
ž
!
”ªqr¥
%$$ b#99!8$ b99
n
#$ b!9
$Ð|
&
@Ð|ûFFÚ9—‘žŸ.Ñþ¶ýÐ|n
¢£Ñþ¶ýÐ|
!
¢\Ñþ
%$$ b#99
$@Ð|
Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ž
6#_ b8#_$
Ñþ#
6$$
$@
Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ž
67_ b8>_$
Ñþ
%$$ b
#99
$@Ð|ýŸÑþ#
6$$
$@Ð|
&
¶ýÐ
|FÚ9—‘¡7šôõ3ý
!
¡
"

9
%=÷”
ª
!
¡YšPž
&
@Ð|FÚ9—‘¡7šôõ3
ý
!
ޚ=÷QEª
!
YšPž
&
FÚ9
G
nFÚ9
V
?8•/0«&y–FÚ9Â.
"
"
6@!#&
¶ýÐ|ûFFÚ9
GrV
ªèÑþ?.3ÚP
ž
!
@Ð|ԞŸ.Ñþ¶ýÐ|
&
¶ýÐ|û
FFÚ9
GrV
ª¡7š÷ޚ«&-Pž/0
!
Þ
š÷Yš¡
%$
%A3ýšPž
&
@Ð|ûFF
Ú9
GrV
ª?š#8•/0«&y¶ýÐ|Â.
8!
& ( )
!"
"
5
"
"
6B#&
3Y5F

Ð|ûFFÚ9—‘¡MIš#d
b荎,IÚ3ý
!
¡
"*9
%=÷”ªš
!
ÞY
š#1P
$
FÚ9
G
n
V
—‘?š#8•12Š
õ
&
y¶ýÐ|ÂÊ
!
@Ð|FÚ9—‘ž
%
t
óF
$

!
@Ð|ûFÚ9
GrV
ªƒžŸ¶
ýÐ|
&
¡¶ýÐ|!
FÚ9
GrV
?ªèÑþ?
.EÚPž
&
"
65
-.ÑþÐ|ûFFÚ9—‘?8•
CJF465PGEFDQ/TOP0/3/2PS0O/EHDEHQ/T2JEDEDDR0DQJE RJTD3DEHGFDQ
,
–FÚ9
+/HG0OP0/3/2PS0$ @
FÚ9
GP0/3/2PS0G$
FÚ9
V P0/3/2PS0V$ B
FÚ9
GrV P0/3/2PS0GrV
DEHG
·¸°îïð
A9/
?=
"
!5
-.ÑþÐ|"»ûF
YB,
—‘?8•
CJF4!5PGEFDQ/TYB,O/EHDEH/T2JEDEDDR0DQ
JE RJTD3DEHGFDQ
"€F
YB,
—‘ù4ÐúôQҔ•P0
?ÑÛ
&
¶ýÐ|ûF
YB,
—‘èÑþ?.3Ú

&
@Ð|ûF
YB,
—‘ýŸ.ÑþêÐ
|n¢£Ñþ¶ýÐ|
!
¢\Ñþ
%$$ b#99
$@
Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ý
%8_ b7%_$
Ñþ#
6$$
$@Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ý
%!_ b89_$
Ñþ
#
6$$
$@Ð|ýŸÑþ
%$$ b#99
$@Ð|
&
¶ýÐ|n@Ð|ûF
YB,
—‘¡7
%
Þ
%
Y
6
šœ«&-K3/0
!
¶ýÐ|
%#

7
%Cý
""_!
@Ð|Cý
#$_!
Ð
"
%
YB,
—‘Ôý
Ÿ
9
%
"
"
!#&
3Y5F

¡³$?MIš#!
Ð|
YB,
—‘«&èûF?(¹ôõ3ý
!
F4
Ð?ôQҔ•P0-î3ï
&
y¶ýÐ|Êü
!
@Ð|ûF
YB,
—‘´ýŸ¶ýÐ|
&
DEIG
·¸°îïð
1V9
©E
&[B
ùÃ$°3«n:;”?RãÙààáG
&Õ9³
&
¶ýÐ|ûF
&[B
–:;nÊ:Fœè
Ñþ?.3-Pž/0
&
@Ð|ûF
&[B
–:;

!
¢%$$ b#99
$@Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|
ž
7_ b#%_$
Ñþ#
6$$
$@Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ý
Ð|ž
%$_ b#$_&
¶ýÐ|n@Ð|ûF
&[B
–:;©7š÷Yšœ«&-Pž/0
&
¶ýÐ|
%#

7
%Cž
#6_$
@Ð|Cž
%>_"
"
8,#&
@Ð|ûF
&[B
Ê:FQž
!
¢%$$ b#99
$@Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ž
"_ b%!_$
#
6$$
$@Ð|Ê.Ñþ¶ýÐ|ž
8_ b%#_&
¶ýÐ
|n@Ð|ûF
&[B
Ê:F©7š÷ޚ«&-
K3/0
!
¡
9
%=÷”ª
!
9š1P
"
"
8@#&
3Y
5F

Ð|ûF
&[B
–:;èûF?(¹nÑþ?
.3ÚôõPž
!
Ð
&[B
Ê:F¡MIMN?
9
%
üý
&
@Ð|ûF
&[B
–:;n
&[B
Ê:F¡
7
%
Þ
%
Y
6
šžŸ¶ýÐ|
&
îKþ¤
!
¡¯NK¶ýÐ|Ñ0>
!
ÑJ¹
7!
5!
!
# §efç

?Ð|@@ABî?M‚ÑÛ
Ý
!
³$MûF;Æ
$
Ú@Ð|ÑJ-¹T
!
³$
MûFF4I
!
ûF%Wú‘?I0ªE
&

ýÐ|ÂÊ
!
@Ð|FÚ9—‘ž
%
tóF
!
FÚ9
GrV
ªž
!
tó…ñþiž
&
¡³$?MI
š#!
Ð|
YB,
—‘èûF?(¹ôõ3ý
$
y
¶ýÐ|Êü
!
@Ð|ûF
YB,
—‘´ýŸ¶
ýÐ|
!
ûF
&[B
–:;n
&[B
Ê:F¡7
%
Þ
%
Y
6
šžŸ¶ýÐ|
!
¢š”•óF
&
"
85
-.ÑþÐ|ûF
&[B
–:;
",#
n
&[B
Ê:F
"@#
?8•
CJF485PGEFDQ/TH/HG0&[BGOHJUJHS",# GER &[BQ2DOJTJOGOHJUJHS"@# /T2JEDEDDR0DQJE RJTD3DEHGFDQ4
65
BA
HEFG
#ôõö÷°@(øùú‹†
¡ä&?Ñlm!
Šrê7lm7Ê{¼q
Íù:÷
!
¢qÍÛ܃m[
&
gÖ9
1
?Ñ]É
Ç*ÛÜ
2
5ÿÑþÊ?ÑqÍ¥

Ñþ¡
6$$
$
"
—
6$$
$
#
6K¥³Í?Ñ
$
Ñþ¡
%$$
$
"
—
%$$
$
#
6K
6$$
$61¥‡Í?Ñ
&
Áq&ç
"%99>#
ʕ™|éq¥
#$!!$!7$!>$!%$$!%8$
$
7
âþ€
$
l`Lç
" %99! #
¡lmºu|
"!.20
902,&121#

!
ÏÑþ
%$$ b6$$
$
%6$$
$6KnÑ
0ÆqrŠ„{¼Êü
&
¡?рålm!
Ü
56ÏÑ0>q
!
âÍr{¼Ç*

Ñ0¹Ý»
¥$Í
$
Ñ0«&ꐻ¥%Í
$
Ñ0@»¥"
Í
$
pÔ»¥ &Í
"
±nC
! %999 #&
ÚýÁç
"#$$7#
¡€å\Ê?Ñq¥
8
Í

MN
%
³)
%
ü
*
%
ÔÔ
%
ÔJ
&
&lmîgh6KqŠ†‡
!
¥
Z­Ÿlm
!
ÊÐ|ÏÑþq¥
;#$
$
!#$ b!9
$
!8$ b99
$
!%$$ b#99
$n#
6$$
$
$
ÏÑ0>

%
ÑÎ
%
éF
%
ÑJ
%
³$MûFŸ‘n¯±
%
Ýa
,¤çq¥¶ýÐ|n@Ð|
&
…¬éqib
?ÑwJ\Ñþ?*rÖÐ|Ñ0
%
¯Nç?*+
!
ü¥()
%

%

&
HEDG
#ô÷°ûü@ýþ¬-
?Ñ@?BîÑÛlm³"ü[
!
‡F‡
Y
%
FÚ9nNºú—‘
%
:;”Ã$àá
%
“úL
Œ9
%
Ôݜ9ç
"
µ[jç
!#$%$#&
&lm!
dÇ£ãiwZÐ|ûF%Wú‘?I0
%
ûFF
Ú9—‘
%YB,
—‘n
&[B
:;ç
&
61#1%5
…g†‡
5
•™|
"!.20(1.T12&2.# %$$
$šûFI08{
!
F§8k4!
"
Áq&ç
!
%99>#&
Ð|ûF?%5I0nú‘?8•y"»
MI0"
/¾!ç
!%99$#&
&lm‡ˆ
‰_

@?Ð|Ñ0Ÿ.ÑþêÐ|
!
¢é
F•L
!
ÑJ-¹T
!
³$MûF‘5
%
{4Úd•
&
@?Ð|?ûF%Wú‘?I0žýŸ.Ñþ
Ð|
!
?_¢ûFtÆñÞnG—<=€?ó
FžŸ¶ýÐ|
!
n@Ð|.•Æñ-
!
+•Æ
ñ.>
&
&lm?Ð|Ñ0
%
ÑJ¹T0
%
ûFF
§
%
I0
%
%Wú‘?I05ñŸÇ|BîÐ|?
@P0
!
¢\éF•L
%
ÑJ-¹T
%
³$MûF
‘5
%
{4Úd•ç5Ñ~¥@Ð|
&
61#1#5
bˆRSTU
5
FÚ9—‘n@A¥¡_
?ìÂ/
!
FÚ9P%5óù@A?ÛV9³
"
Ù&
!#$$"#&
¡@AÒP!
FÚ9?`ރ(
M8•
!
¢\FÚ9
G
—‘1P®f
!
®8ZFÚ9
GrV
?ʪ
& Z//0P/NQD
ç
"%9>!#
¤¥FÚ9
GrV
?1PI{Z@AÒP
&
l°mnnom\¶Æ?
?Ð|Ê@"»FÚ9—‘ý–
6$_ "
ÁÅç
!
#$$!#&
?ºu|ÆÑFFÚ9—‘_ýŸ
ÑnfÑ
!
fÑFÚ9—‘Í<ÆÑ?
8$_
"
l`Lç
!%99"#&
¡&lm!
@Ð|FÚ9
—‘5
!
•¦tóóF*
!
tnþiž
!
tn˜€5
!
?YûF%Wú‘?I0üE
&
@Ð|FÚ9
GrV
ªžŸ¶ýÐ|
!
öFÚ9
GrV
ªèÑþ?.
EÚPž
!
…y:lmFÚ9
GrV
1PI{@A
³h
&
61#165
‰Š‹i/;i‚Œ
5
¡"€@
@AÒP!
z”•€E•Õ
" &[B#%
Ҕ•SÕ
",+#
nš´p¥Ò”•SÕ
",gK#
皔•Õ
Š:;Pž
!
°3«n:;”˜MnÃ$?CDt
á³
!
ghôQҔ•
%
ô?¹T;ö÷³´
"
Ù
"!
& ( )
!"
"
5
&
!#$$"#& #$ b7$
$•™|ûF&[B
:;8•
-E
!>$
$šdb1P
$ ,+
:;¡
>$
$š•™|
\†u1P
"
Áq&ç
!%999#$ &[B
:;¡@?
?ºu|\:;Pž
!
ûF
YB,
—‘3ý
"
l`
L
!%99!#&
Ú
,gK
:;¡5q
"K.2O,$9.+$91#

@AÒP\ã3ýš1P
"
‰Âqç
!#$$>#&
©&
lm‡ˆ54

Ð|³$MûF
YB,
—‘©7š
÷Yšôõ3ý
&
èéûF?(¹ÒP
!
F4Ð?
ôQ³´P0-î3ï
!
?ÚûF\G—?
YB,
—‘ôõ3ý
&
@Ð|?
&[B
–:;n
&[B
Ê
:FžŸ.Ñþ¶ýÐ|
$ ;#$
$¶ýÐ|?
&[B
–:;GH¡üý`C
!
èÑþ?.3
&[B
Õ
:;Pž
!
.rèé
YB,
—‘?.3
&
¢!"
%A
&[B
:;Ê
7
!YB,
—‘Ô<3
ý
!
5óù?¥gÖ
"
%ý/
%
PLgh?
&
îKþ
¤
!
¡Ð|ôõÞn{ð?Ñ#
!
š”•Õ:;P
ž
!
°3«˜MnÃ$CDtá³
!
ghôQҔ
•
!
{ڑ’FÚjz‡Y?Ç9
%
FÚ9P%n
tÕ:;1Pç
&
y¶ýÑÉÊü
!
?Ñ¡@
%
@AÒP!
@
¡"»¯N
%

%

%
q@ç-.`CK(M³
àv?8•
&
?Y
!
;%
@A?BîÑÛ
û<[¬;
&
&–£ã€åZ?Ð|ûF¯N
%
t
óF
%
š”•Õç†å?ºqÑÛ
!
7?Ð|@A
@B{¼ZÇ|lm
&
¡?Ñ@A@B
îÑÛlm!
Ü<8{³|©tՊ
%
ß,()
˜€
%
ö‚1ù€ú
%
"€œ9n@A«?‰=†å
{¼®ïð?lm
&
L M + ,
ý
5
Á
!
ÝÂf
!
Ÿb¢
!
ç
4#$$74
sf9?Ñ]É?åµp³t
4
™
q&(µ
!"## #> ?6$4
l`L
!
ZCS
4%99"4
?ºu|@A=‚?lm
4
afO)F)³
!
>"## "> ?>#4
l`L
!
ZCS
4%99!4
?ºu|@A=‚Çr
*
z”•€E•ÕÖ
QúҔ•€y@A?/à
4
afO)F)³
! 8"## 8> ?7%4
lRJ
!
Äuü
!
K°R
!
ç
4#$$84
vdQ#Ôݜ9
%
w«¥nL
ŒÞq—‘8•
4
&()
! !%"## %79 ?%"64
Áq&
!
.%K
!
Ï:M
!
ç
4%99>4
•™|-.þ€ûF@AÑÛ?
Êülm
4
&()lm
! %%"## #%> ?##%4
ÁKþ
4%99>4
?ѓúLŒÖ4АN?lm
4
\Xä&
!%! "##
!7 ?8$4
Á
5
Å
!
ÙVx
!
½y¾
!
ç
4#$$!4
l°mnnom?Ñ@A?Qâ
M‚fglm
4
z! %""%# 67 ?!$4
Ù
5
&
4#$$"4
"€@A#ŽM‚M•8•?lm{e
4
M€)ÚV
!
#!"6# %# ?%84
‰Âq
!
æXÇ
!
Ý[q
!
ç
4#$$>4
5qF@AÒP\tM‚f
;ÖFÚjz‡Y?8•
4
"€lm
! #>"!# !66 ?!6"4
±nC
4%9994
U†?Ñ]É`Ƶplm
4
{|<9Vj)F)³
!
%7"## 7 ?94
Ý!M
4%9984
?ÑjÔ:;”ÙàÕàáÕ:;?Ç|lm
4
«1
! >"## !9 ?8!4
Ý
5
÷
4#$$84
?Ñ]É*ªÇìÛÜ?rB
4
KU•–DE))
³
! %%"%# 77 ?794
¯OP
!
ýHy
!
Á)H
4#$$%4
ýç"€F?@A
4
fg"€)³
!
#%"7# %#"% ?%#""4
/¾!
!
Ð!¡
!
Ùș
4%99$4
Ð|ûF‘?lm
4
&()
!
#>"## %$% ?%$94
µè
!
Œ
5
Ë
!
ÁV(
!
ç
4#$$84
êt_Q`à²;Ç*†‡l
m
4
\XD()
! 6>"!# ">9 ?"974
µ[j
!
}¨~
!
½
5

!
ç
4#$%$4
„ñŸ‰g?Ñ@A?M‚ÑÛ
4
&()
! !7"6# %6! ?%6"4
IGsJERD3& B! gG%4-DGTQDEDQODEOD
/33D0GHDR LJHP JEO3DGQDR 0DUD0Q/T2D3/WJRGHJ/E!GER RDO3DGQDR 0DUD0Q/TQN2D3/WJRD RJQOGHG0GQD4k/N3EG0/T)W2D3JZ//0P/NQDcZ4%9>!4+PDVJ/OPDOP0/3/20GQH4GEGRJGE k/N3EG0/T@/HGES!7#"%## #96! ?#9!# 4
!
!"#$
5
GHI
"
>!