利用热扩散（TDP）技术于2004年4—9月测算毛乌素沙地21年生新疆杨蒸腾速率，分析新疆杨蒸腾变化规律及其与气象因子、土壤水分、水面蒸发以及叶面积指数的关系。结果表明： 1） 在主要生长季节（4—9月），新疆杨单株蒸腾总量为5 300.96 L，月最大蒸腾量出现在6月，为1 073.82 L，占4—9月总量的20.26%； 2） 新疆杨蒸腾速率与太阳辐射、空气温度、相对湿度、风速等各气象要素有很好的复相关性，其中，影响新疆杨蒸腾的最主要气象因子为太阳辐射，蒸腾与太阳辐射之间存在时滞性； 3） 受地下水位影响，土壤水分与新疆杨日蒸腾量相关性不大，不是毛乌素沙地新疆杨蒸腾的限制因子； 4） 新疆杨日蒸腾量与叶面积指数×水面蒸发的关系用乘幂函数拟合效果较好，相关系数为0.83，利用建立的乘幂方程可以推算新疆杨日耗水量。
Transpiration of 21-year-old Populus bolleana was measured by thermal dissipation sap flow velocity probe (TDP) and the meteorological data were automatically collected in a meteorological station in Maowusu sandy area from April to September in 2004. Relationships between transpiration variation and meteorological factors, soil water, water surface evaporation (EV0) or leaf area index (LAI) were analyzed. The aim of the study was to provide essential scientific basis for the water management of shelter belts in the area. The results were exhibited as follows: total transpiration (ToTR) per tree was 5 300.96 L during the growth season (from April to September), and the maximum monthly transpiration occurred in June with 1 073.82 L, which accounted for 20.26% to ToTR,. The linear regression analysis showed that transpiration rate had a good correlation with the canopy solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Solar radiation was the dominant meteorological factor to affect the transpiration (α=0.01). Transpiration was found to lag solar radiation due to water capacity and light induction to stomatal aperture. Correlation analysis indicated that soil water variation had no significant effect on daily transpiration due to the high groundwater level of the experimental site. The relationship between daily transpiration and LAI×EV0 obeyed a power function significantly with the correlation coefficient of 0.83.
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