土壤团聚体稳定性是土壤结构的关键性指标,是土壤环境、管理实践和土地利用类型相互作用的结果。本文应用Le Bissonnais 法中的快速和慢速湿润测定陕北黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤水稳性团聚体含量,分析土地利用类型和湿润速度对土壤团聚体水稳性的影响。结果表明:小叶杨、侧柏、油松、杏4种林地土壤>0.2 mm水稳性团聚体质量分数、平均质量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)较农地和苹果园土壤大,而农地和苹果园土壤团聚体粒级分布的分形维数D值较大,说明林地土壤结构得到明显改善。土壤有机质与>0.2 mm,MWD,GMD和D值呈极显著相关,说明土壤有机质是影响土壤团聚体形成和稳定的主要胶结物质。团聚体稳定性在2种处理下存在明显差异,快速湿润对团聚体破坏大于慢速湿润,说明消散作用在土壤团聚体崩解中起主要作用。
Soil aggregate stability, as a key indicator of soil structure, is a product of interactions between soil environment, management practices, and land use types. Soil samples were collected from land with different vegetation in the loess hilly-gully region. The content of the soil water stable aggregate was measured by the fast wetting and slow wetting method of Le Bissonnais. The impact of land use and wetting velocity on soil aggregate stability was analyzed. The results indicated that percentage composition of water stable aggregate with a diameter larger than 0.2 mm, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometrical mean weight (GMD) from planted forest land were larger than those of the soil from orchard and farmland. Fractal dimensions of water stable aggregate size distribution of the soil from orchard and farmland were larger than those of the soil from forests, which indicated that the soil structure under forest lands had been improved. There were significant relationships between organic matters, >0.2 mm aggregate content, MWD, GMD and D. Organic matter was the main cementing and stabilizing agent of aggregate formation. Soil aggregate stability was different with measurement methods of the fast wetting and the slow wetting. The fast wetting caused greater disruption than the slow wetting, indicating that dissipations played an important role in the collapse of soil aggregates.
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