对贵州花溪区石灰岩、石灰土及定居植物中化学元素含量进行研究。结果表明: 石灰岩的pH值为9.38,全P和全K含量低,全Ca和全Mg含量较高,微量元素含量表现为Fe>Pb>Ni>Mn>Co>Cu>Zn>Cd; 石灰土的pH值为7.53~7.98,有林地的有机质、全N及全P含量高于无林地,N素和P素有效率很低,速效N仅占全N含量的0.47%~1.18%,速效P仅占全P的0.8%~1.5%,全K含量亦不高,但有林地速效K含量(251.81mg·kg-1)超过土壤速效K含量对应的富K(>155mg·kg-1)水平等级,属富K型土壤,无林地全Ca及全Mg含量高于有林地,微量元素含量表现为Fe>Mn>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd,全Pb,全Zn及全Cu含量均未超过国家规定的3级标准; 定居植物体内不同元素含量的差异很大,同一元素在不同植物体内含量的变化范围亦很大。
This study investigated chemical element concentrations in calcite, calcareous soil and restored plants in a limestone rocky desertification area in Huaxi, Guizhou Province. Results showed that pH value was 9.38, concentrations of total P and K were low while that of total Ca and Mg were high, and the microelement concentrations was ranked in the order of Fe>Pb>Ni>Mn>Co>Cu>Zn>Cd in calcite. In calcareous soil, the pH value was around 7.53~7.98. The concentrations of organic matter, total N and P were higher in forestland than in bare land. The concentrations of available N and P were very low with the value of 0.47%~1.18% and 0.8%~1.5% respectively. Total K concentration in calcareous soil was also lower, but available K concentration (251.81mg·kg-1) in forest soil was higher than that K-rich soils (>155 mg·kg-1), so the limestone soil is classified as a K rich soil. The concentrations of total Ca and Mg were higher in bare land than in forestland. The microelement concentrations in limestone soil was ranked in the order of Fe >Mn>Pb>Zn>Ni >Cu >Co>Cd. The concentrations of total Pb, Zn and Cu were not higher the third State standards so that vegetation restoration was feasible in calcareous soil. The concentrations of different elements in the plants grew in calcareous soil had great difference, so were the changes of the same element concentrations in different plants.
全 文 :! !"" ! "#
# $ $ %$ " %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1"
234*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
# $ $ %
BFJCDES8DE#AAF_i})
80+iOJ"
I&J5$# KLM5$6 N O5$! PL.5$"
E51 vC&’(\H) z> !5$$$!W#1 Ba\&’( BF ""$$$5W61 Cm&’hA5g\]XYZ[TUV z> !5$$$!W
!1 7h~3&hAGC\Hlde)IRSTUV z> !5$$$!W"1 :]3&hAGC\RSTUV z> !5$$$!d
! "# rBaJC.DES8DE#;AF_iv})80+i|}GHM#$9%aDES5 78m)
%169*y :ly ;+il*y ’3ly 2<+iFd*Ui80+i9G) => ? :@ ? *A ? 2B ? ’/ ? ’C ? DB ? ’EWDE
#5 78m) F1"6 G F1%9*,&A5,#u8y *;y :+id(m&A**0l :0,({Ll*>( *(@y *
+i5 $1!FH G 5159H*>( :(@y :5 $19H G 51"H*y ;+i#‘d*[,&A>( ;+iE#"5195 I<8J
AF_iu*‘J80+i5nPLH*JI80S‘J_iu*+i53}89#LHM
$%&a DK}WDESWDE#WAF_iW})80+iWBa
’()*+#L%!M1%5,N5F515 -./01#, -23+#5$$5 K F!994#$$%5$" K $$6! K $9
TUV#a#$$9 K 5$ K 5MM
3WXYa(\Q:$BGHXYE#$$F!5"d8XYI,()-~GHLXYE#$$M$"5"8#$$F$9##d8XY&’f %!9XYE#$$6F#d8XY&
’fRSXYE#$$"$98#$$M558#$$M5F8#$$FO#6d8GC\(\(RSXYE#$$M&;!$"%8#$$F&;!$6$dM
"Xd})lmAgM
!"#$%&’( )(#$#*+ !,**+-’+%,* %* !’(&%+#*!’(&’-#,./ 0,%( ’*1
2(’*+/ ,* +"# 3,&45 6#/#-+%7%&’+%,* 8-#’ %* 9.’:%*;.%5’*<
*AB< NA3/@/5*# NA3B< P>BQC35*6 =3B< NA5*! R3B P>BE>5*"
E51 !"#$%&’ ()*$+ ,#-."%/-$0 )1 2)%"/$%0 4"5+#)’)60 !+/+& !5$$$!W #1 2)%"/$%0 7*%"&* )1 8*-9+)* :%).-#5" 8*-0 ""$$$5W
61 ;&$-)#&’ <#6-#""%-#6 =&>)%&$)%0 1)% ?@@’-"3 4"5+#)’)60 )1 2)%"/$%0 A <5)’)60 -# ()*$+ !+-#& !+/+& !5$$$!W
!1 B"0 =&>)%&$)%0 )1 (*>$%)@-5&’ 2)%"/$ <5)’)60*!)’’"6" )1 C*# :%).-#5" !+/+& !5$$$!W
"S B"0 =&>)%&$)%0 )1 ,%> 2)%"/$ <5)’)60 )1 C*# :%).-#5" !+/+& !5$$$!d
8=/+-’&+a +QAT TUCE4 ABV>TUA<3U>E WQ>IAW30 >0>I>BU W/BW>BUX3UA/BT AB W30WAU>*W30W3X>/CT T/A0 3BE X>TU/X>E 703BUT AB 3 0AI>TU/B>
X/WJ4 E>T>XUAYAW3UA/B 3X>3 AB 8C3ZA*[CA\Q/C :X/VABW> S O>TC0UT TQ/]>E UQ3U 78 V30C> ]3T % S69*W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y U/U30 : 3BE ;
]>X> 0/] ]QA0> UQ3U /Y U/U30 ’3 3BE 2< ]>X> QA IAWX/>0>I>BU W/BW>BUX3UA/BT ]3T X3BJ>E AB UQ> /XE>X /Y => ? :@ ? *A ?
2B ? ’/ ? ’C ? DB ? ’E AB W30WAU> S (B W30W3X>/CT T/A0*UQ> 78 V30C> ]3T 3X/CBE F1"6 G F1%9 S +Q> W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y /X<3BAW
I3UU>X*U/U30 * 3BE : ]>X> QAX AB Y/X>TU03BE UQ3B AB @3X> 03BES +Q> W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y 3V3A03@0> * 3BE : ]>X> V>X4 0/] ]AUQ UQ>
V30C> /Y $1!FH G 5 S 59H 3BE $ S 9H G 5 S "H X>T7>WUAV>04 S +/U30 ; W/BW>BUX3UA/B AB W30W3X>/CT T/A0 ]3T 30T/ 0/]>X*@CU
3V3A03@0> ; W/BW>BUX3UA/BE#"5 S95I<8JX UQ3B UQ3U ;^XAWQ T/A0TE ? 5"" I<8J
T/A0 AT W03TTAYA>E 3T 3 ; XAWQ T/A0 S +Q> W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y U/U30 ’3 3BE 2< ]>X> QAX AB @3X> 03BE UQ3B AB Y/X>TU03BES +Q>
IAWX/>0>I>BU W/BW>BUX3UA/BT AB 0AI>TU/B> T/A0 ]3T X3BJ>E AB UQ> /XE>X /Y => ? 2B ? :@ ? DB ? *A ? ’C ? ’/ ? ’ES +Q>
W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y U/U30 :@*DB 3BE ’C ]>X> B/U QAX UQ> UQAXE &U3U> TU3BE3XET T/ UQ3U V><>U3UA/B X>TU/X3UA/B ]3T Y>3TA@0> AB
W30W3X>/CT T/A0 S +Q> W/BW>BUX3UA/BT /Y EAYY>X>BU >0>I>BUT AB UQ> 703BUT
WQ3B<>T /Y UQ> T3I> >0>I>BU W/BW>BUX3UA/BT AB EAYY>X>BU 703BUT S
>#5 ?,-1/a X/WJ4 E>T>XUAYAW3UA/BWW30WAU>WW30W3X>/CT T/A0WX>TU/X>E 703BUTWWQ>IAW30 >0>I>BUT W/BW>BUX3UA/BW[CA\Q/C
DK}!S7h~NMA.5Z[<=N;
B**0)ZOlyP*#$E4RvQ*3SH5
C0R5IO#A@}GkEDQC "$ &’ S*5%%6dMB
aSTOA.DK}Gkc)4R*5C‘:x
!"#$ % &$’ ()#*6@y\#A(5C5 &*"’’+*C
bP$’z !",$+ - ."$$+5>9U;E/012 !"
#$ 3*#$$#WVs~e*#$$’d*!vXSCDK}Wv
5&.5=VA~M#$ui3W!DK}5P
u*2x9GS#$iu5/*#$iP8})lh
iBu@}*z;#$xhkp53}E~ce*
#$$#dM#$!_ihi53n*)_iiSlxN
MNEF5iu3n*S_ihz8xN;\1_l
‘em5B:3ABAgM#$v5rC!#$G
n5RFesQC*r_ihAc.5##l:f
,:RFvwM
ADK}#$&O5GH‘4BO.H()Z
Ag5O}*Cb‘_%OQCs$MKafg 456
\]GHxG*STOA.#ADK}ASBiS
%Q5&OB*DK}C1./5SBnFzDE
S)nEW#Xe*#$$!dWYvDK}A.#$nF
!xNSDESGoEVs~e*#$$’dWDEB#$
!xN(DEuS5Ss#*./C1(zfzC*
\(5Cd: !$7 ()#EWZ~e*&7*,dW4DEB
#$,vBhU2B*MhTO‘@*
#$_E%h*OLS0);Mz‘5DEq*R[
_E2*yP4R*yPBZ[JB_8C@}s
)0qEbqde*#$$8dMY-rBaDK}#$
uiOJ8P}BuGHF@E~ce*#$$#W#$$,W
#$$.W(j‘e*#$$!Wabe*#$$*d*[C|rB
aDK}DE#})Bu5GHi‘@#*OL!
rDES;1\xNs5DE#lnFAF_i}
)80+iOJ5GHir#HIMPGHCDB
aDK}.DES8DE#;\nFAF_i5}
)80+iOJ*)DK}DE#5o78_E1R
;hA<=ohMNPQRSM
& GH.Iq
BF]y(Ba\vQ*STO5C@y]5
C5 *,+MJC.SBF]CcE&$.9#8:9&$.9,#:
;*#.9&&:9#.9!’:
$Zj]&,"# =*$*Ei& &8* ))*$7ZVO^
~& #&’". >*&rN9 *,+MH,Sm4e8Xmf
g8j)]l8hi@i8hhJn5OSMjSz
k?lSEDESd)n*#$)DE#M_E)v
7h~NM"emW&*Z[_Ezno(
E?020@A0Ad8=(EB0CD0@A0Adlqp(EE>A0@A0Ad_
i)n*ph_E,-qE%&’()# ’*+’#d8ifr
E,!"*$# $*-(.(/!’#d8sIE 01*’!22*2 /*.!+’(2d8tu
E3(4*2"’*- $*)(5*-d8CE 6’*.*2 1!’2()#d8WE 6’*.*2
2#$()(.#d8GvE6&’#)#."7# /8’"*.!#.#dl_Wwx-
E9*+*2 #$)!#!/8$(*2deM
# GHmn
!"# c()*
SGH.*9#*+jS8Ajl#$eAq
&rIr5 !:qOA’=?q &:|A*5CZ
) ..8 )#M\vm&A # WEm&A & "P_i$
%9) #$+*m&A #"P_i$%9) !$+d*,
&A &WE&Cyz9 $"*d*SP:|A*x{h^
1? * :K|S*P:K|S,x $ - #$ l #$ -
’$ @)#kKW#$Bp{1s &:#$|**0K
W #’:#$|**#$|*jV*MZB*CL$
#$l &$$Y(ugMSKW#|5J^*P:|A
CLKW$ - #$l #$ - ’$ @)5SD|*= ! :*J
IK|S‘J#k5SD|*{1s &:|**m
P:|ACLKW{1SD|*= !:*0 7:*g
I|}~*CL$ #$l &$$Y(ugM
S !W|A**"P_ixJO_iKWU8
V8W{1|* &"$ (2*‘IxJO_iKW !:_
s5U8ZlW{1|* &"$ (2*!IxJO_iK
W !sAoQC{1|* &"$ (2Ms|*~DTU
VgZoEl?!E""Z#*q&$, =#^=r
, )F1*pq*$ =#^#h\ui*G$%~ugM
!"! !t)S+R
SDl#$ GHmg 6IJ’Kt GH/~AWy L
+ig2&J’()vXn~AW>( L+igl
?J*}+n~AWy M+ig2&JG,i9n~
AW>( M+ig& )NO8BP &=?+fMJG,i9
n~AWQ0*R2*QC*?A*S1*R1*QT*
-hTCii9/~AW#$,#u+igR.?
/0}n~AWy <+ig5Ui12n~AW>
( <+ig?!n~AM
_i|*y <+ig5Ui12n~AWy L
+ig3’2vXn~AWy M gG,i9n~
AWQ0*R2*R1*QC*S1*?A*QN*
!"$ +,-.
g 6L66&!"$pq|}~S|PM~S./K
g<4-mnCD*rm&A &8m&A #l,&A
,!! ,# Ws4eaBFJCDES8DE#AAF_i})80+iOJ
^ ! /01!txXy,
"#$%! &’()*+#, (,()(-. +/-+(-.0#.*/- *- ,*)(1./-(
|A !"#$ %&
Hi80 ’()*+$,$-$.#/E08102 3d Ui80 ’")*+$,$-$.#/E-08102 3d
4 5 6( ’0 67 8$ 9. ’. 6: ;" 4< 6+
m&A 3 =(*$,(.: 3 >?@A B?3@> B?@3C 3D>?BDE 33F?F>F 3F?F@ AA3?BA G?@A @C?C@ D?C @D?>C @>?3A 3G?G
m&A F =(*$,(.: F >?@A B?33G B?FCC 3DE?3>F 33E?FCA 3D?FF 33F3?>C G?BG @C?A3 D?3 @>?AF @>?FE 3@?BD
,&A 8+*$H#,(.: >?@C B?3FF B?@CB 3FA?>@G 33C?>CE 3G?3D AC>?@E G?@C FC?DE D?> @A?BC @>?3 3G?DC
#$})80+i|}vFM
@ #$ACD
23! /01!txXy,
q9 36z
y 57Z+iCL) B?3FG*B?@F3 08102 3*y 6(*y
’0807Z+iCL) 3D3?@>3l 33G?G3G 08102 3M
Ui807Z+iEyidz 8$ cd*) >EB?AB
-08102 3*6: cl*( D?GC -08102 3*2g&n F3B
[MUi80+i9G) 8$ I 4< I ;" I ’. I 6+ I
67 I 9. I 6:M
234 /0~!txXy,
@?F?3 Z[\]^[ q9 F6z
&A 35 @[*m&A F5 F[*m&A F#$,#
u+iDQod(m&A 3E! J B?BGdM,&A#
$y ;+iIQod(m&A FE! J B?B3d*m&A
FDIQod(m&A 3E! J B?B3dM
#$>( ;+i!#$,( ;5nFj^*f
g#$n#6N_ifg5,( ;Lq*6g>(
;Sy ;+iv5^C{A) ;0,({E-xx
e*FBBCdMq9 F6z
iIQod(m&A*!m&A5 @ K D [E ! J
B?B3dWCm&A 3 Qod(m&A FE ! J B?BGdM
m&A 3 #$ ; 0,({) 3?B3L*m&A F )
B?DCL*,&AD() 3?3AL*9%DE#v ;0,
({LlM
#$v5 4nFoZ(#$ju*DK}#$
nF!xNSDESGo*1(DESvy 4+i
‘d*() B?3FG 08102 3E9 3d*DE#vy 4+i
9GCl*() B?DG K B?CF 08102 3E9 FdM,&A
#$vy 4*>( 4+iZIQod(m&AE! J
B?B3d*m&A F#$y 4l>( 4+iIQod(
m&A 3E! J B?B3dM
DE#vy 57Z+i) @?GC K E?>F 08102 3*@
W|A22k5nP:IQoE7E! J B?B3d*m
&A Fcd*\p),&A*m&A 3clMDE#
>( 5+iE7!3A 580G(5RF}\*,
&A,( 5 +iIQod(m&A 3 l FE ! J
B?B3d*m&A 3 Qod(m&A FE! J B?BGdM#
$>( 5+iE7e/lC\D)aJ AB -08102 3
)4R\ 5WAB K 3FG -08102 3)\ 5W3FG K 3GG
-08102 3MiW I 3GG -08102 3)J 5Eu-
$*m&A F)\ 5t#$M
9 FDQR*DE#5 %&m) C?G@ K C?>A*,
2Bf5*m&A 3 l F IQod(,&AE! J
B?B3d*Cm&AknP‘QoE! M B?BGdMDE#
vy 6(+izm&A 3cd*) E@?>@ 08102 3*,&
Acl*) 3D?E3 08102 3*2g&n D[*m&AZI
Qod(,&A*Cbm&A 3DIQod(m&
A FE! J B?B3dMJ|*y ’0 5+i’zm&A 3
cd*) G>?FB 08102 3*m&A Fcl*m&A 3IQ
od(,&Alm&A FE! J B?B3dM
@?F?F _[\]^[ #$vUi80nFoZ
(s#ju*\+i8jAlC1566)Ui80
GrC.
+icdEGF @AA?DC K E3 3@3?3> -08102 3d*’.pG
EDE@?G3 K 3 BD@?GB -08102 3d*6: clE3?>3 K @?BB
^ 4 /0~2,xXy,!
"#$%4 5#+0/(,()(-. +/-+(-.0#.*/- *- ,*)(1./-( 1/*,
|A !"#$ %&
,#u
N*0(.") -(##$*/
E081023d
y;
O+#(, ;/
E081023d
y 4
O+#(, 4/
E081023d
y5
O+#(, 5/
E081023d
y 6(
O+#(, 6(/
E081023d
y’0
O+#(, ’0/
E081023d
>(;
PQ(",(<,$ ;/
E-081023d
>( 4
PQ(",(<,$ 4/
E-081023d
>(5
PQ(",(<,$ 5/
E-081023d
m&A 3 =(*$,(.: 3 C?>D(PEB?3Ad@>?GF(PE@B?ADdF?@>(PE3?GEd B?DG(PEB?F3d @?GC(PE3?A@dE@?>@(PE@@?GAdG>?FB(PEFC?GEdFD?3C(PE33?F3d@?ED(PE3?@Ad3GC?DE(PE3BE?>Cd
m&AF =(*$,(.: F C?>A(PEB?BAdGB?EB
!9vJ"‘J55Lj9RnPQoE! J B?BGd*J"‘JH5Lj9RnPIQoE! J B?B3d*J"&JLj9RnP‘Qo*M!*
~m)\DnMBJMR"SS$*$.# H-(,, ,$##$*H ".:")(#$ H"0."S")(.#,T :"SS$*$.# (# ! J B?BG*:"SS$*$.# )(%"#(, ,$##$*H ".:")(#$ Q$*T H"0."S")(.#,T :"SS$*$.# (# ! J
B?B3*#U$ H(-$ ,$##$*H ".:")(#$ .+ H"0."S")(.)$*S"07*$ ". %(*$.#U$H$H "H #U$ H#(.:(*: :$Q"(#"+. ". #U$ )+,7-.HV OU$ H(-$ <$,+WV
E@ & ’ ( ) DG"
!"8#"$ %dMDE#v &’+iZzm&A (cd*b
Qod(m&A %l,&AE! ) *+*,d*m&A %c
l*bA,&A5nPQoE! ) *+*,dMm&A ( -.
+icd*bQod(m&A %l,&AE! ) *+*,d*
m&A %cl*[A,&A5nP‘QoE! / *+*,dM
m&A (5 01l 02+icd*bIQod(m&
A %l,&AE! ) *+*%d*m&A %cl*bA,&
A5nPQoE! ) *+*,dMm&A (5 3.+ic
d*Am&A %l,&AnPIQoE! ) *+*%d*m
&A %5 3.+icl*A,&AnPIQoE! )
*+*%dMm&A % 5 04*56 l 78 +icd*Am&
A (l,&AnPIQoE! ) *+*%d*,&A5 56
l 78+icl*Am&A (nPIQoE! ) *+*%d*
Cm&A ( 5 78 +icl*A,&AnPIQo
E! ) *+*%dMzo#$9%1‘J_iiOes5&
C#$rRW’5hL8DCAg%Q‘JM
sDE#v=Ui80+iABa\#$N;
mlyXDEESd#B<=N;mE)o=*(**(d
|}vF*-.S 9W|A#$v5+iZl(Ba
\#$N;mlyXDEESd#B<=N;m*04
l 78t!&f*d(Ba\#$N;mlyXDE
ESd#B<=N;mM
/X#$<=ui\DE:;%,<%=>%??,dv56
/\DnFMg(&A#$E78e*(**
l %+* !"8#"$ %M1m6#*9 W|ADE#v 78
E@9+@< A B@+(, !"8#"$ %d*-.E,,+,* A <*+=% !"8#"$ %d
l 01E(@+,9 A 9,+(B !"8#"$ %d+iZrJ\*( 04
+i)6/\D5 ( A 9[*:zm&A %%QM9
%DE#3PoMg(&AM
^ ! /0~w,xXy,
"#$%! &’()*+,+-+./ (*.(+./)#/’*. ’. ,’-+0/*.+ 0*’, !"z#"$ %
|A C6D’ 01 &’ -. 3. 04 56 78 02
m&A % ;EF’ GE.4 % (B+<%EHE%(I<
8EK#"F21.4 LEG1’ 6. :16MN21 (,+B* $ =(+@* ,?%+** *+%99 99+B* (?+9* %B+%*
yXDEESd#B<=N;m
O6!’JD2.’ J26G 8EK#"F21.4 LEG1’
6. 0N6.E
(=+=* $ %%*+(* $ *+99( @9+,* 9(+(* %=+9*
^ 1 /0~xX;34$%z+
"#$%1 ")#.02*)/#/’*. #.3 #((4-4,#/’*. (*+55’(’+./ *5 .4/)’+./ +,+-+./0 ’. ,’-+0/*.+ 0*’,
|A C6D’J 7 P 0E 3" 01 &’ -. 3. 04 56 78 02
m&A % ;EF’ GE.4 % 9+<* %%+%( *+@, *+,% %+?? ,@+,9 %*+,9 %9+,* *+m&A ( ;EF’ GE.4 ( ,+%( (%+,< *+%% *+*( (+,@ <9+<9 %%+,@ 9*+9? *+,* %+(9 %+%% %+<,
,&A &2F’JDGE.4 ,+B< %=+<< *+%* *+%9 %+BB ,=+== %*+,= %=+=% *+@( %+%@ %+@% %+9%
9+(+9 ?‘\]Dabcdef rH@~#$
Co*jS580es!#$xN$[vcr5N
;+iMDES#$5s#$[vFO9*})M
}E+, 0Q( 5ErSD5:(l:[d!nF$
[MSDES5s#$[v*SD5;i;})e
s8SkzLl#"er#$80es8
" R #. S#TM
^va" )
(l 9d*#T )jS80+iE9 %dMK9 @ >R*
0E*3"l 04 5 " m5( %*)f
D580M9%OBF]JC.S7h~Nhj)
AqBDESxNsDE#$[v*0E*3"l 048
0*x?@5z:*+i=>%h*4#$v5+i
l(jS*C 7*P*01*&’*-.*3.*56*78 l 02 80
_|(&rCDLA*+i‘A;<*S#$v5+
id(jS*:z &’*3.*Pl -.80%QM
9+(+@ ghOi?‘\]DjkUV &OCD
#$E9 ,d9%*DE#5 UVmAy 58y 78y P8
y &’ly -.+i,IQoi&OE! ) *+*%d*Ay
3.+i,Qoi&OE! ) *+*,d*CAy 0E8y 3"
ly 04+i,IQot&OE! ) *+*%d*Ay 018
B9! ,# Ws4eaBFJCDES8DE#AAF_i})80+iOJ
^ ! /0~ "#5M!txXy,46,5[;;$)S!
$%&’! ()**+,%-.)/0 &+-1++/ "# 2%,3+ %/4 56+7.5%, +,+7+/- 5)/5+/-*%-.)/4-)-%, %7)3/-5./ ,.7+0-)/+ 0).,
XY
!"#$ % & ’ () *+ (, -# ./ */ (0 %1 &2 (3
45 6 789:9!! 6 789:;!! 6 78<=>!! 78><7!! 789; 6 78?A9
% ? 78:7=!! 789A7!!6 789@=!! 6 789>?!! 6 787;9 78;@>!! 7897;!! 78;9@!!6 7897=!! 787?7 787;7 78?==
& ? 78>:9!!6 78=;9!! 6 78=;>!! 78?<= 78>A;!! 78><>!! 789@=9!! 78?7A 6 78??@ 78<7?!!
’ ? 6 78@A>!! 6 78@>;!! 789<=!! 78=97!! 78>:?!! 78:>=!!6 78=77!! 78?@= 6 78A9@! 78=?() ? 78@>:!! 6 78<9;!! 6 78=:=!! 6 78>@A!! 6 78=@9!! 78=;>!! 6 78AA< 78?9A 6 78>!!
*+ ? 6 78<=>!! 6 78=<=!! 6 78>=A!! 6 78:=A!! 78=;?!! 6 78?9< 78A:? 6 78=?A!!
(, ? 7899!!
-# ? 78@7;!! 78=7?!!6 789;;!! 78>@A!! 78A7@ 789<:!!
./ ? 78>=7!!6 789?7!! 78=A*/ ? 6 78<=9!! 78A9?! 6 78A9=! 78:7:!!
(0 ? 6 787<: 78?A: 6 78A==!
%1 ? 78>79!! 78?AA
&2 ? 6 78;A:!!
(3 ?
!!!a! B 787?W!a! B 7879 C
y %18y &2ly (3+i&OB‘kM9%9:*
Elj]5;<*#$?}*@r ()**+ l (0 5
/*+iB**Cy %*y &*y ’*y -# ly ./ C
D*+i;<*y (,8y %18y &2ly (35CD‘
6%QMy %8y &8y ’8y -#8y ./ly */22
GkZ,IQo5t&OE! B 787?dWy %8y &8y
’8y -#8y ./ly */+iCLAy ()8y *+l
y (0+i,IQoi&OE! B 787?dWy %+iA
y %18y &28y (3ly (,+i5&OB‘kWy &
+iAy %1+i8y &2+ily (,+i&OB‘
k*Ay (3+i,IQo5t&OE! B 787?dWy ’
+iAy %1+i&OB‘k*Ay &2+i,Qo
i&OE! B 7879d*Ay (3 ly (, ,IQot&
OE! B 787?dWy -#8y ./8y */Ay (,8y %1A
y (3GkZ,IQo5t&OE! B 787?dWy -#A
y &2&OB‘kWy ./Ay &2,IQo5t&O
E! B 787?dWy */ Ay &2 ,Qo5i&OE ! B
7879dWy ()8y *+Ay (022GkZ,IQo5
t&OE! B 787?dWy ()8y *+ly &2Ay (,l
y (3CL,IQoE! B 787?dLQoi&OE! B
7879d*Ay %1ly &2&OB‘kWy %1Ay &2I
Qot&OE! B 787?d*Ay (3&OB‘kWy &2
Ay (3 Qoi&OE! B 7879dMzo#$9%#
$v‘J80Gk&8vwF)%Q*bnF9G
)QJLA{ AOBtM
898 7"v867!txXy,
;8;8? lmno?‘\]^[ _iu*})8
05es;+iE7*SLH[9o_3(#$v
})805es;+iE7*z;_ir#$v=
O})805hTlJWfnMK9 >>R*m&
A ?l Ahz5_iOBF@*,"P8‘I;BP
_i*deu*})80+iFbJ*y %8y &l
y ’+iHCd(#$M%&_i,56z
-5’&.1$&-%d6zA)"#qrMdeSDE#oh
zGH*z{7!*K$RBc"!IL,jklm
5TO*%&"P_i16A)GrLE#P4
qrM
q9 >6z
, %l ’W? E : +8D+6 ?5, ()**+l &MUi80
7Z+iS <77 $+8D+6 ?zo5, -#l */W?7 E >7
$+8D+6 ?5, ./l (,*? E : $+8D+6 ?5, %1l &2W
B ? $+8D+6 ?5, (3l (0MJI80+iS‘J_
iu*53}89LH*dlmI5&n6[x%
6[*6h6%[MKSrE 2’#6 4"$4"$#%d*/+ic
d*)A ?978@; $+8D+6 ?*DBE!"#$%$&% 7()(*%d+i
cl*( @A897 $+8D+6 ?*Zg&n A;[@*%A_i
r#$v=O})805hTlJWfn,poO
cM‘J_ivHicr80lUi8057Z+
iZ,IA5nP*Hicr807Z+izPI
E 83&’%6 -/&.%dc l ) ;8;9 +8D+6 ?*z I J
E9#.1$%.*/#3% &.1&-"3dcd) ?;89? +8D+6 ?WUi8
07Z+iz&~FE+&,-%.*/", 0’($&1"’",dcl)
=78A? $+8D+6 ?*Srcd) @ $+8D+6 ?M
;8;8A pmqrQsEF 4_ih;KB5‘
J*|W8mWl"P_iq<=vhTlCD})
805fn,FHnL*6ghihTc~o9R
_ir})805hTlCDfnELd[e*
:; & ’ ( ) <9"
^ ! 7"v867;!txXy,46,5
"#$%! &’()*+,( -.,-+,()#(*.,/ .0 1#*, )+/(.)+2 34#,( *, 4*1+/(.,+ /.*4
|A
!"#$
iO
!%$&"$’
Hi80 ()&*+$,$-$.#/E08102 3d Ui80 ("&*+$,$-$.#/E-08102 3d
4 5 6 7) (0 8$ (. 9. 7: 4" 5; 7<
m&A 3
=)*$,).< 3
m&A >
=)*$,).< >
,&A
8+*$’#,).<
&~F !"#$%&’()# *+,-".)+)# 3?@A3 3@>3 B@CD E@B3 F@GB >?A@?B >FG@3D 3C@>D G@F> C@D3 F@FB ?@FD
~pM /’0-".")1 %2)"+"&)1 3F@3E 3@DD B@E> >@FF >@AD >AE@E >G3@3> >A@D3 G@A3 3@CD A@G ?@>C
$N2 34#"1%$("% $(-"#’"&%0 E@EC 3@CE 3F@DG B@DF D@AG 3 >>E@BE 3EG@AF F?@G> >B@AE 3@B> F@?3 ?@EF
I$O 5-"60-,& %&&))# 3>@>G 3@AA 3G@> 3F@>A >@CC F>A@D FBA@C D>@DE >3@A3 ?@A 3F@GC ?@CA
WP- 7,#% +%8"6%’% 3E@>B >@?> D@B3 >@F> 3@BE >F>@E> >CF@GA C?@FG >?@3G E@?B C@GD ?@FA
Gv /4-%$%&’(% *,-’)&0%&% D@BA ?@AG 33@A3 F@D> F@E> 3CF@FE CCD@D CB@3> >A@F3 3@DG C@F> >@3G
,v 91:0-%’% $4+"&.-"$% B@FB ?@BF D@EB >@?E >@EF FAD@GG >CD@3D 3G@FC 3E@G F@F> 33@EG ?@D>
Q" ;-’(-%<,& ("#:".)# D@>E ?@GG B@A3 >@D C@D >CF@?G >?D@F >3@B 33@AC ?@GB B@E> ?@>3
IJ =0&.-%&’(01% "&."$)1 33@AB 3@3 FE@?3 A@GC E@A3 BCG@GC FDE@B CF@3D EE@BG E@G F@DA 3@3F
wx- 7)>)# :%+1%’)# A@3 ?@BE F@EE B@GF >@D> >AF@>> CBD@BF F?@A3 3E@FC E@A> D@G3 ?@CA
DB /)0-%-"% +,>,’% >?@AD 3@C3 3E@FC 3G@DB C@AB 3??C@DF G>@C >E@DF 3>@DB >@CC 3>@CB ?@BC
PI ?1"+%< $("&% C@FD 3@?C A@B 3@DF ?@AG >>>@BA EEG@EA >G@CD 3>@AE ?@B> E ?@3A
#T @-,)##,&0’"% :%:4-"*0-% 3D@>A 3@E A@FA 33@3G E@AE DDF@C3 3FBE@A3 ED@C> 3C@B3 3@DF F@DA ?@>C
sI A):-0##)# *)&0>-"# B@3F ?@GD C@CG 3?@EB E@FC >3?@>D BD>@EB EG@>D B@DE ?@EC E@?E ?@EF
Sr 9+0< :)-:)-0% 3?@CD ?@GC B@GG C@BG E@GF FAF@BG > 3C?@GE EC>@3D 3E@DG D@AG A@EE >@?A
RT A0+’"# ’0’-%&.-% G@FF 3@3C C@A> 3?@D> F@CF 3B>@E3 DFF@> >E@AF 33@CE F@CE C@G> ?@>E
ST B-%$(4$%-:)# *,-’)&0" B@> 3@F3 3>@G >@A3 >@CC FAA@FD FCF@3E EG@FG >?@G >@3B F@?G ?@>E
&~F !"#$%&’()# *+,-".)+)# 3?@A3 3@D 33@ED D@D3 >@>F >3>@DC >B?@AA 3>@AB 33@B3 E@FA A@?G ?@FE
^ 5 67W/0~9;\7:;z+
"#$%5 6*.7#$/.)3(*., -.+00*-*+,( .0 34#,(/ *, 4*1+/(.,+ /.*4
|A !"#$
iO
!%$&"$’
4 5 6 7) (0 8$ (. 9. 7: 4" 5; 7<
m&A 3
=)*$ ,).< 3
m&A >
=)*$ ,).< >
,&A
8+*$’#,).<
&~F !"#$%&’()# *+,-".)+)# FFB@3 >DB@G >EG@B D@? B@F ?@F CE@B >A@C EF@3 G@> D@? 3C@E
~pM /’0-".")1 %2)"+"&)1 CG3@> EDB@G >EE@3 E@B F@A ?@C D>@B FG@A EC@> >@D 3?@D B@E
$N2 34#"1%$("% $(-"#’"&%0 3F?@> EF?@? F33@C 3E@C 33@C >@E E?@3 AE@A 3?F@3 E@? C@F 33@E
I$O 5-"60-,& %&&))# C3F@> EGE@E CEA@B >>@E F@E ?@B 3?C@> 33>@B AB@D 3@3 >?@3 3G@?
WP- 7,#% +%8"6%’% CCC@D FFB@G 3G?@B E@B E@3 ?@C CC@? G3@? AE@3 C@? B@? 3C@A
Gv /4-%$%&’(% *,-’)&0%&% >BA@F 3AC@D E>B@? A@> A@E ?@E 3>?@3 3?F@A GG@E >@B A@E AE@?
7Zm ($). F>>@B EE>@D E>E@C G@F D@D ?@B A3@> AD@D A?@A F@? G@D >E@B
,v 91:0-%’% $4+"&.-"$% >EB@> 3E3@E G>@> 3E@3 BC@F ?@B >F@C E>@? EG@F G@D >D@> >A@>
Q" ;-’(-%<,& ("#:".)# 3AC@? 3CF@A 3>C@G 3D@B >?F@F ?@F 3G@B EC@B EE@E >@3 3G@3 G@>
IJ =0&.-%&’(01% "&."$)1 EE?@G 3A3@G D>3@C C3@C 3EC@F 3@F FF@F BG@3 GD@3 B@F 3?@A C?@?
wx- 7)>)# :%+1%’)# 3GG@F 3>G@A D>@D CA@G GC@D ?@F CD@> DD@G EB@3 B@3 3C@G >C@?
DB /)0-%-"% 3,>,’% CBE@3 >EC@G 3GF@F 3>A@C >3?@G 3@D B@G EB@G ED@? C@C >B@G EA@E
PI ?1"+%< $("&% 3CE@F 3DF@3 33>@A 3?@D >B@B ?@F E>@C FB@D ED@3 3@B D@G A@C
7Zm ($). >B?@? 3DF@D >?3@D FD@> 3>D@B ?@B E3@E C3@G FD@C C@G 3B@? >D@?
#T @-,)##,&0’"% :%:4-"*0-% >D>@B 3B?@D 3>F@A AD@D >C@F 3@> >>G@A DC@C DF@C E@B B@C 3E@3
sI A):-0##)# *)&0>-"# 3E3@C 3EE@E GE@E A3@? >E@C ?@F 3EE@C A?@F EC@> ?@B C@C 3A@B
Sr 9+0< :)-:)-0% 3A?@D 3E3@G 3C?@3 F?@E >D@G ?@B EE>@G DE3@A CC@B 3C@G 3E@E 3?B@F
RT A0+’"# ’0’-%&.-% 3C>@C 3CG@A GC@C A>@A E3@? ?@E GG@A F>@D FA@? 3?@D 3?@A 3>@?
ST B-%$(4$%-:)# *,-’)&0" 3E>@C 3GC@B >3C@F 3B@C 3A@F ?@B A?@E A?@B BC@> C@3 A@F 3>@?
&~F !"#$%&’()# *+,-".)+)# 3AE@? >>>@> 3BG@D FC@> 3C@E ?@F FE@C >>@G FB@3 B@3 3>@G >>@C
7Zm ($). 3A?@C 3A?@D 3FF@B CF@3 >E@E ?@A 3C3@D 3C?@A CD@? A@F G@A E3@?
>??3d*/H:^KBa
; HEA% /A.dI 3??*
^va; )hihTc~*A%)_iu*S80+
iE9 Dd*A. )#k80+iE9 > l EdM/H#
$E9 Ad9%*EW|A5_irDE#v 3> O}
)805CDfn6C) E:kpa! 3kp! 4*
5l 6*_ir% EO805CDfnck*hih
Tc~7ZmZ) 3??zo*[‘J_irJI8
05hTc~{,>‘J*K 6S EW|A5hi
hTc~7ZmZS 3?? zo*[,vE 91:0-%’%
$4+"&.-"$%d8wx-E7)>)# :%+1%’)#d8sIEA):-0##)#
*)&0>-"#d8RTEA0+’"# ’0’-%&.-%dr#$v 65hTc
GE! C# Ws4eaBFJCDES8DE#AAF_i})80+iOJ
~() !"#"*$"#$*!%#%*!&W! " kp! ’(*)**
)+*,+*’-l ’.*\hihTc~7Zmlm&A /
5 ’(l )*) /0 zB,*\uZ) /0 1 /00*\v
)*Sm&A "; )+l ,+S,&A5hihTc
~7ZmJ$ /00*[)+l ,+Sm&A /l "5h
ihTc~ZS /00zB*4ms\")! "kpW
! %kpL+ 23*45l 67*l 675hihTc~7
ZmSm&A ") /8#0,*\uZS /0zB*9%
_irde5CDfnc-M
9 #QAwQ
GHDES})sC*6)BaDK}#$}
)805GHMN3n~SMPGHzU&A*D
ES5 :;m) !#%8*,2BMy 6ly <+iC
L() 0#/"&l 0#%"/ *8=*> /MDES)UuSB*
Sj*})M}5:QAg^*’:B5V}il
W?l*5EAg)+z:5/*C
L) /9/#%!/ l //&/& *8=*> /MUi80+id
lA!)ay 23 ?y 67 ?y 45 ?y )+ ?y ’@ ?y
’- ?y ,+ ?y ’.*DESv 67E90#"/ A*8=*> /d*45
E%!#/" A*8=*> /d*’@E/ & A*8=*> /dl ’.E$
A*8=*> /d57Z+i%Qd(/XRQDESv
67E%" A*8=*> /d*45E%#8 A*8=*> /d*’@E/#! A*8=*> /d
l ’.E 0#08 A*8=*> / d5 + i*C )+E %8#/8
A*8=*> /d*’-E/%#98 A*8=*> /dl ,+EB8 A*8=*> /d
5+i_l(/XRQDESv )+E//" A*8=*> /d*
’-E%0 A*8=*> /dl ,+E/$ A*8=*> /d5+iE)Xh
e*/!!!dM
rDE#})sCCD*6)DK}^P-5
#$crYAMNNAMDESJ+ ’( l )* e
80*s#$[vjS*:QAg‘AZ0x ’(l
)*e2#W’80*mJ!SNM57h~z:A
gFk5<=B*#$’,2Bf5Ei%e*
/!8BdMPGHzU&A#$nF!DESxN5
DE#*:;m) B#&% 1 B#!8*,2B*y ’(ly )*
+iZzm&A /cdM,&A,#u8y 48>(
48y 6l>( 6+iZIQod(m&AMq4
!,&A_ihiid*|}_We"_iid*9
:UcCailUhi5C(*|_iZ0rC"
1#$*MdO#$,#ulrC+iM6#*_E
rDE#v,#u84l 6+i5vw!&.H5M
DE#v 40,({l*(@y 4+i5 0#9BC 1
/#/8CW,&Ay 65+i{vm&Ad*[ 60
,({’l*()y 6+i5 0#8C 1 /#&C*nF!
1(M_i
1(+/;i5OBl+irDE#y < B
J#Ag*CDESM}ixN5DE#+ <;i
\]*4m#$5y <+iFlEu-
US#$>( < +iE7e/lC\DEu-<
e*"008d*,&A8m&A /’J
O*_ir <5(kiH*4mSDK}_EiR
$[v*r\ <5#$5\<
5A*BaJC.DE#y 678y ,+ly ’-5+
iCL) 9%#9$ 1 B9#"&*&&0 1 $0#8/ l "9#&% 1
%"B A*8=*> /*rJ$5Av6/@&A#$5
&00*&00 l 900 A*8=*> /\D*(y ’. +i /#!/ 1
%#00 A*8=*> /J$\D /#0 A*8=*> /M4mGH.6
A)@&A4gM[S"&^*5}j*g{VB
k5]#TO*K^TE!"#$%#&’#%() *)+(,&$)’)dEF5(+
#’ )$ G*"00Bd*;JW ’.fnk5&B_i*Kem
_E -.#+"*"/(&0 ),&0(+)’&0dl ‘ aE 12&’($"+
.32%(/&0deM
BF]JC.*7h~Nhj)vw*SDE
SxNsDE#5$[v*’(*)*l ’.80Sz:
AgB*+i=>%h*#$v5+il(jS*)
f
)&rCD80M
DE#5 :;mAy 48y 68y <8y 23 ly
,++i,IQoi&OE4 H 0#0/d*Ay )+ +i
,Qoi&OE4 H 0#0&d*CAy ’(8y )*ly ’.
+i,IQot&OE4 H 0#0/d*Ay ’-8y 458y
67ly ’@+i&OB‘kM9%9:*Elj]
5;<*#$?}*@r ’(*)*l ’.5/*Cy 48
y 68y <8y 23ly ,+CD*y ’-8y 458y 67l
y ’@5CD‘6%QM%A]=>eE/!!9d5G
H#$3P&KM
P._ivHicr80 4*<*6*’(l )*5
7Z+iAyb_i7Z+i&n*CUi805
7Z+iZd(yb_i7Z+i*K )+ 80d
xn /0[*’-80Ddx "[@Ecd[e*/!!$dM
zPGH._iA4C_i80+i5H5)!<
zrv*6z
Hi805+i!",>‘J*4C_i) 4 ? ’(
09 & ’ ( ) 9&"
! " ! #$ ! %*CPGH._i) " ! & ! ’( ! #$ ! %
Ecd[e*)**+dM
E F - .
)o= , -..- , <=vwHl , FGadePNx89*)+. / )+-,
)Xh*d I*e/q*e , )***,vXRQJfS8gES;DESo
#$Ui80+i5h9
5hTAJWAg , 5ghA)H*)2E1da3)- / 3)3,
cd[*imn*7ou*e , )**+ , &pq"AZ[P9.‘J_
i})80+i5GH , "A)H*4E)da33 / +-,
a b*qfW*)d,*e , -..0 , STOq.hA^P.DK}$
[5#$uiOJGH , ,Cr8H))H*-0E-da30 / +4,
bqd*ts<*;X]*e , -..2 , DES0q"&B#$rCA;
Bk+i53} , &’()*41E;da1* / 4-,
W#X*(.t*;jy*e , -..1 , BaS:A.S:BA#ADK
}5|k&OCD , AP)H*30E-da1)4 / 1-.,
~ c*2u@*W v , -..- , STOq.#Afgm^r#$u
il35vw , E#P4)H*)+E)da2+ / 2*,
~ c*fBw*eYa*e , -..3 , BaSTOA.#$DK}5P
uOJGH , #$)H*4-E1da4)* / 4-2 ,
~ c*W v*x=y*e , -..+ , $tSTOA.DK}l3$[
r#$uiBL5vw , E#P4)H*-.E-da22 / 0),
Ld[*2}z*W#{*e , -..) , ‘J/q3urDq>|}6_
id#hz5vw , a&hA<=*)2E4da)- / )+,
Vs~*&u~*2!"*e , -..4 , YvDK}A.hA1R$[v
#$rC3POJ , E#P4lH*E+da-- / -3,
(j‘*FQ#*2/~ , -..1 , DK}$[v#$P}Bu3}5
rsGH , qAa’hi)H*--E1da-.4 / -.2,
]=>*rE$*%Tw*e , )**4 , vXRQDES#$80+iC
P56GH , AP()*)4E)da)+ / -),
u-<*(6&*F&[*e , -..0 , ;SFSTOE..#Afgm
^r#$rC5vw , 5ghA)H*).E3da).)1 / ).)0 ,
-xx*^ .j*’(4*e , -..2 , @)1&.&"R1]^#$r
CMA , &’()*41E;da).) / ).3,
WZ~**+; , )*03 , ,f&’#$ , -aa,f(\x89 ,
i %*i.4 , )*02 , >qSTO3&B5#$!;t/ ,>qS
TO3&()AlW , BFaBa0.x89*))) / )-1 ,
56(7 8 9*:6(7$ ; <*=(7 ; 8*!" #$ , -..2 , >6?@?$6A(@ ABA@CD ?E F67CG(@
C@CFC7HD 67 ( B?I7$ F6JCK DH(7K 67 (L(7K?7CK F6767$ D?6@D, M?IG7(@ ?E
N7HC$G(H6OC %@(7H >6?@?$B*4*E*da)-04 / )-*1 ,
;(7$ P M*QR(7$ 8 S*96 T 9, -..- , #CAR(76DF ?E G?AUB KCDCGH6E6A(H6?7 67
"(GDH #?I7H(67 (GC(D ?E VI6WR?I %G?O67AC* P?IHRXCDH ’R67(,
N7HCG7(H6?7(@ TCO6CX E?G Y7O6G?7FC7H(@ PHG(HC$6CD*1E)da)-1 / )13,
QRI Q 8*;(7$ 5, )**1 , 5GC7KD ?E KCDCGH6E6A(H6?7 (7K 6HD GCR(L6@6H(H6?7 67
’R67(, 8CDCGH6E6A(H6?7 ’?7HG?@ >I@@CH67*--a)3 / )*,
!"#$% WXY(
)4! 3# Ws4eaBFJCDES8DE#AAF_i})80+iOJ