免费文献传递   相关文献

Soil Carbon Cycle of Phyllostachy edulis Plantation in Huitong Region, Hunan Province

湖南会同毛竹林土壤碳循环特征*


测定和分析湖南会同毛竹林土壤的碳贮量和各组分呼吸量。结果表明: 毛竹林土壤有机碳贮量为115.558 t·hm-2,矿质土壤层、凋落物层和根系分别占96.01%,0.64%和3.34%; 毛竹林地土壤年呼吸排放碳总量为9.257 t·hm-2a-1,异养呼吸、自养呼吸和凋落物年呼吸量分别占59.49%,28.27%和12.24%; 毛竹林细根年生长量为6.895 t·hm-2a-1,年分解量为0.312 t·hm-2a-1,细根年周转率为0.93次·a-1; 毛竹林年凋落物进入土壤的碳总量为2.245 t·hm-2a-1,地上和地下凋落物分别占78.5%和21.5%。

The carbon storage and respiration of each soil compartment of Phyllostachy edulis plantation in Huitong forest region, Hu,nan Province were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the soil organic carbon storage density of the plantation was 115.558 t·hm-2, and mineral soil layer, litter layer and root layer occupied 96.01%, 0.64% and 3.34%, respectively The amounts of annual carbon released by soil respiration were 9.257 t·hm-2a-1, and heterophic respiration, autotrophic respiration and litter respiration occupied 59.49%,28.27% and 12.24% of the total soil respiration respectively.The fine root growth rate and decomposation rate of P.edulis plantation were 6.895 and 0.312 t·hm-2a-1, respectively. The annual turnover of fine root in P.edulis plantation was 0.93 time. a-1 The annual carbon input into P.edulis plantation soil through litter fall was 2.245 t·hm-2a-1, of which 78.5% was from aboveground litter and 21.5% was from underground dead roots.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
3456*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
Ox)CPQ&|=RS=a6"
:;+7 <=>$ ?@A8 BCD7 EFG8
972 ;Hj&’()< xe 88%%8$B$2 COQTUV8u I_ 7%%7%$B
82 8C()<)Cc&s3N6_ Ox)Cc&s35qCD7t()pa?@_ )C !798%:N
! "# abouvOx)CPQ&|=.R4QowAuW*Qwxyz{|PQ&|=\IR4QZ
77"2""9 ;a<=> $*!K|=XRY7$Xo45u:y %7?*%2#!?o 828!?BPQ&\|=$W*7sR\Q
Z &2$": ;a<=> $ @> 7*uCW*RFCW*oY7$$W*Qu:y "&2!&?*$92$:?o 7$2$!?BPQ&O4$sv
QZ #29&" ;a<=> $ @> 7*$uJQZ %287$ ;a<=> $ @> 7*O4$[.MZ %2&8;a@> 7BPQ&$Y7$rT|=.R
\QZ $2$!" ;a<=> $ @> 7*\Po\qY7$u:y :92"?o $72"?w
$%&| PQ&B|=R4QB|=W*B|=RS=B)C
’()*+#’:792""n’7"82# ,-./0#- ,12+#7%%7 > :!993$%%&4%# > %%77 > %"
cde#|$%%: > %: > 7%Bfge#|$%%& > %! > $8w
+hi0|CDd{Z(?[\U{]Q!"&v#s"W2‘Z}guhw
!"#$ %&’(") %*+$, "- !"#$$%&’()"# *+,$-& .$&)/&/#") #) 01#/")2
3,2#")*01)&) .’"4#)+,
DE@0 F4=E5G7 F@5 ’<@0<4E$ H@5G ’E105G8 DE05G (@EI457 ’972 !"#$%&" ’(#)*+, -. /-0*120, 3#$(4#$% 88%%8$B$2 5$2*0$#2"-$#6 7*$20* .-0 8#+9-- #$) :#22#$ 8*";"$% 7%%7%$B
82 <="2-$% >&?*0"+*$2#6 @2#2"-$ -. /-0*12 >(-1,12*+*74"$*1* ’(#)*+, -. @("*$(*1 3#2"-$#6 :*1*#0(4 @2#2"-$ -. /-0*12 >(-1,12*+ <="2-$% !798%:N
5(6/’&+/| ,NJGE05*T4*5@5 UN0VE5MJ WJNJ @5@1IXJQ E5 ;R1@5;@;E05 W@P 77"2""9 ;a<=> $*@5Q =E5JN@1 P0E1 1@IJN*1E;;JN 1@IJN @5Q N00; 1@IJN 0MM4REJQ %7?*%2#!? @5Q 828!?*
NJPRJM;EVJ1I2 , $ @> 7*@5Q @4;0;N0R, $ @> 7*NJPRJM;EVJ1I 6 ,@554@1 ;4N50VJN 0S SE5J N00; E5 A 6 *)=6"1 R1@5;@;E05 W@P %2&8 ;E=J6 @> 7 ,; $ @> 7*0S WN00;P 6
7,* 8"’96| A4,66-12#(4, *)=6"1 R1@5;@;E05BP0E1 M@NO05 P;0N@GJBP0E1 NJPREN@;E05BP0E1 M@NO05 MIM1JBT4E;05G
Xn (A$ a8PQ+U.N9ZohKxV
p.{59s3=>?@wBZs3)R=>()
*bP.UiPQwRS=Ns35q$KS=(
AB.~ED{*O^c=>?@.d*q*eKN
;\f__Ibgh.ijosZNsc*KOw|
O8P.S=~EhKa6?@+NkZ4lw0
K|=N{|mX.Rn9!4,Xn8 (A$ 4Q
. $k*o\@AR4Q. 8kN9#.p**$%%!B
qrs**$%%#N*tN*|=c$9W*.%,rs
3Xn8. (A$ QN@tu8rsQ. 7%k9P
9Y@EM< *2 #6 2*7&&"N*KnY.?@_8*abXn
(A$ a8.?@9#v‘**7&&:Nwc&s35q
uZo\s35q.ABABJw*xGio\s
35q\IR\PJu. 9%?*\qJu. !%?
9Z@;^c (A$ ?@hK%&[\AB9yw
PQ9A4,66-12#(4, *)=6"1NNnCxnAB.c&
l/*5B2^qU*nCa\PQ&\LM 8%% z
<=$ 9P*{y^|kQ&LM. $%?*)$p/@
LMB6xX9;}~*$%%$N*BuZnCkEiX
Q.!?]7*@XOhIs3A"nLC0i{h
.u]wj,PQ&\:,Kv!"&.=>^,*
eKN;\PQ&^{=>E8.kF*&\|=s
$)bK#@o|=\IR4QqObH{h9Ie
$**!""#B[C^**!""$B!""%N*tn,K&\|
=RS=a6@3YZ4w&Z?@n’*uv&\|=\IR4QhKcT6
[la6*Z%&+s35q&\|=Rc[^’h
KnXn &’! a8?@.%&kE+C!5*,ZJ
&’(PQ&O^cRA"8.u]oO&uO8
PVL=>PQ&kE?&[\w
( 56\3’
?@[\PQ&=,Oxj)C)*D+w,
-9(")*+#,-*!.*"#,/N*TUVR_n^*$:N8
(%0+ 1*G.(FnNoG.(InNu:Z #%0$
o 2 $0$ 1*$:OPQZ( !"" 3 ( $"" 44*$:!
nR8O 5"69P*$:eF( $$+0$ 7*^ $-/#
#"$/*[p #"" 3 +"" 4*w8 ("* 3 (+**|=Z0’
=w56&LZ12I5\p6R^ 78qRx}>yR_Qs9*:sf
A@D8.*aO&u8Q8Z( 5"" 3 ! $"" da
742 !*&u?|A:<=Z (!0% 84*QF (!0# 4w
j,c$n&\rs7q*&\P+<;\mf*O
sv4<&q@A9’l9!"#"$%&"% ’%(#)"(%*"’NR=
>T9 +%,-,&"% ’.%(-,(’NR? @ A9 /0)$$)1("%
.0&-%$%NRB C D9 234,*04’"’ %.0("$"50*"%NRE A
9614,&)’ -"5503"’NoFGH9!".&%(04$,&"’ *"(,%&"’N*
\AZvw
! ?@no
!"# op)q5r=s5
!""+$ ((%QR #|‘b[\9#" 4 9 !! 4N*
Oc|[\.PR8Rq #|w=wV #|i*mw
" 3 !"*!" 3 $"o$" 3 %" 84 |X]P= + 84.|I
}^|=[?wCQ}]=JoOc|[\D #|
L^|[*ab|=K89#!L*())%Nw
!"! tuvwxy
!""+$ ((%O #|[\PwVW +| ( 4 9 (
4.Y[n.^JM7$*UVY7$aGQw
!"$ z{evy|?
O4s$Q>?}]]z{ID|No_w!""%
$ !K(!%c !|%Oc|‘b[\PQDPR8R
q #|w=*c|w=Q #|i*c|[\ )|iw
:%ug*]|I9j= + 84Nw " 3 !"*!" 3 $" o
$" 3 %" 84|XID|[*mu:$ZPR8oqXw
‘}^.[?OPVgN69*QQl&fO4c
sOR= "0+ 44 .|SP*]P[T !$ 7 c*U
VR~S*QQl-|&fO4*GcM45O4.
?^RWbRt%R"X68XY3[NE8Jul
!+ 44.E4oZ4c*, 5" 1[~Z\KQ*C
QD{bQ45uuv[?w
O4s$QUV+,Z9;8&<=>?7@ABC ,$ %* 0*
()5!N
7D E 74 9 ("! F]!9- F!N! *^
,8|7D ZO4s$Q9Ba742 !NB74 ZA:c|
|NO4~KQ9?NB- Z4IP=984Nw
!"% tuv)}~!
!""+$ (!%‘}^.PQ5R&RO4w !" ?
u:_TwOP.R=Z "0+ 44RXYZ !+ 84 9
!+ 84.‘aUb8*&R5sWO&\P.PR8R
qw=~JpM&75.\z*75[jj6|=
jk*O4UbsWO|8 + 84Swc|w=c/
SLZ2 #" b*c|SLAC ! ;*!""% $ (K(!
%*c%lBCw=wcg !b5[wDgccO
VduJ./Y7$zLe.f{*gpvTuJ
bP.45*,5" 1q[~Z\KQ*ab./Y
7$KQw
!"& "#y|?$%"&yCD
|=RY7$oO4[?8RB"Qab}]
Ah#iT@t?Uo9#!L*())%Bjk*())%NB
PQO4oY7$R"Q6Ks$Q.lMZO4
oY7$.R4QB|=R4QUV+,Z
8 G E 8H 9 ! 9 8 9 68*8 G Z|=R4Q9Ba742 !NB
8H Z|=K89?a842 #NB! Z}[88984NB8 Z
LM974!NB68 Z|=\IR"Q96Nw
!"’ tuv)}’(=)*)+
Y7$uJXM^UZ 9 F9" E @2 :$*9 Z $ Q
m.Y7$noKQB9" ZY7$.DVKQB$
ZQ09=NB: Z$uJXM9?a?2 ( =2 (N*}2Wp
ZuJ5!9’!"( z{=,e-y.,)}yR,/0(=CD
O4$svQRuJQoO4.$[.M+,
u:Z9/=K=J@*().5B()5%N|
; E 94=L 2 94MJ N !B
+ E <4=L 2 <4MJ N ;B
= E + F,8|; ZO4$ZqQB+ ZO4$svQB!
ZO4$uJQB94=Lo 94MJu:ZZO4s$Q
(XEo(YEB<4=Lo <4MJu:ZEO4s$Q
(XEo(YEB= ZO4$[.MB< ZEO4
!( & ’ ( ) $+"
s$QA:Ew
!"# op12’(|?
O !|‘b[\.c|[\PQR "|BC.
=W9PR8Rqww #|N*}]r9orsF64
5spY7$RHo45HoY7$oHo45s
pY7$ ! /SL9$%&’(& !" #$ )*#***B+,-.(& !"
#$ )*#**!Bahj**#**"B/%&0 !" #$ )*#**1B2D
C**#**1Nw#**" $ 2K2# %*c%QR 2 |tu
R] 345+v.|=W*96 345 6 !*2 !Vab
‘rs|=W*pa*c # 7ab 2;*c|SLc
;ab ! 8 9 :;&*‘9}[XMZ !* ’*n9P 3<#
a8OZ*,Xn8a8c!*rsq{|abw
!"$ op34"/05k
%’ = & ’a’ ’ 62*%’ Z|=R[.Q09%NB’’
Z|=uCW*$rs.RQ9 .a7:6 # %6 2N9>%;?7
!" #$ @*2AA#Nw
! xy6uv
%"& tuv"&y
Y7$XaGQZ 2)A2 .a7:6 #*!4,4GIR *)1B .a7:6 #w
%"! 66op734"&y
jz 287*PQ|=\IR"QoR4Q:
9 * 8 #* ?:|X(F*K;Z #* 8 B* ?:|X*"Q
(I.Z B* 8 "* ?:|XwPQ&\|=\IRQZ 22*)A9 .a7:6 #*K8 * 8 #* ?:|X|=R4Q
Z BA)"" .a7:6 #*y&\|=R4Q. BB)19C*u
:Z #* 8 B*o B* 8 "* ?:|X. 2)!D o 2)A1 k*
PQ& * 8 B* ?:|XN|=8R.vB4GX*y
\R4Q. 11)#!C*]6PX|=SqX|=.
s$w@QX\4w
O & op34"#yI"&y
’()*& +(,)-. /-./0.1,(12-. (.3 /(,)-. 41-,(50 2. 4-26
|X
E(;F F%GH-I
?:
K8
5H&’;.GI
90a?:6 !N
R"Q
3%-J(&
?(&?H&.-%.;(&IC
R4Q
3%-J(& ’.(-%0HI
9.a7:6 #N
* 8 #* *@A92 A K *)*" # @"*1 K *)2*B BA @"" K B)#B
#* 8 B* 2@299 ! K *)*91 2 @99A K *)21D !" @*B K ")"9
B* 8 "* 2@#B! " K *)*D# 2 @*29 K *)2A2 #9 @#" K ")2*
%"% z{"&y
z #z{*PQ&|=8EO4R4QA:Z
!)9!A .a7:6 #*{$8BC4<.?@WXZ
#)B!! 8 9)!AD .a7:6 #*#%w(Y*"%w(XB@
ZO4R4QA:Z *)!#A .a7:6 #*BC4,*)211 8 *)9*! .a7:6 #D0*,N #%w(Y*"%
w(Xw#%w(YNMZ # %wN8I*mX2
QPQ@;\rTsv4vxQ#*BK9%NPQXQy5Q#*"%_5~
KQb,Rb*&u5LM~!;3(X*2Q*P
Q{nLh}Fzsv*{{nL4|sv,tS
}f**cCuQB.4Q,#w
O ! z{"&y
’()*! +(,)-. 41-,(50 -7 72.0 ,--1 .87:6 #
i0
4.H:
%w L(&.7
# B " D 2* 2#
A:
LH%&
EO4 M;NH O;&H -((. #)B!! K *)2!# #)12" K *)2B1 9)!AD K *)#A# !)DD1 K *)#2* B)2!* K *)##! #)""A K *)2BB !)9!A K 2)BD*
ZO4 5H%P O;&H -((. *)211 K *)*2* *)#2" K *)*2# *)9*! K *)*#1 *)B#B K *)*#! *)B9" K *)*#9 *)2AA K *)*22 *)!#A K *)2A*
%"8 tuv)}’(
R] Q095xuJQ0NouJ A9CY7$xQQ0
rsda*xyYz !wPQ5R&oO4Y7$$
uJ5!u:Z *)A*B**)!D*o *)"*"*PQ5uJ
(h*uJ{xxQ.Q0N *)"A2$*uJ A9CQ
B !)#!1$BK;NO4*uJ{xxQ.Q0N
2)#*D$*A9CAuJQB 9)**"$BuJ(P.N
Q&*uJ{xxQ.Q0N 2)DA#$*uJ A9CQ
1)ABD$w
%"9 9:z{=,e-y.)}yR/0(
PQ&O4$svQZ ")DA! .a7:6 #*$uJ
QZ *)!2# .a7:6 #B$[.MZ *)A!;a%6 2*~,e
fO4.$[.MWX *)#A 8 2)#* ;a%6 2D099
DA*2AA#Nw{t*PQ&O4$ZqQZ *)A"B .a
7:6 #*y67$Y7$\Q. #9)DC9*C{**
#**1N*v{O4.ZqN~$Kl@$w@3|=
.W{AB!=wM2*OF"67sO4NB8@*.Juw
%": 9:6op12$";jz B87*PQ&\|= 3<# rsQO 2$
8g{h.4^>?*D %w;3$7s 3<# Q(XE ")119 .a
7:6 #*2c;\N8.OI@qOw]6|=W*
oY7$W*6N8oR8.45tSKF\4*D
%w|=PU]^S:*PQ45R|=4$Rns
$*s$E4}f*Y7$XuJX8?h*M2&
\ 3<# rsQFwUVlPQ&\|=$7s 3<#
!2! "# *C{*|Ox)CPQ&|=RS=a6
QZ !!"#$% &a’() * +) %*!4,rsR\Q #"*,- &a
’() *+) %*K8uCW*RFCW*oY7$W*u
:y ,#"$#.**/"*-.o %*"*$.w
O ! tuv)}JQ
"#$%! &’(()* +),-./-0’(’-1 *#()
i0
0&1(
uJ5!
2134(5467&748 9+&1
xuJQ0
:7(1 4; ’+<;
=134(5467&748
#,.uJQ0
:7(1 4; #,.
=134(5467&748
& >9+83’ ?"!/? %"/#* -"#$/
5 @1+; ?"#?$ ?"A#% !"*!-
O4 B781 944& ?"A?A %"*?/ ,"??A
O 2 =< 345 y=>hi
"#$%2 6)0/’*#(’-1 ,-107./(’-1 ’1 +’88)*)1( .-1(9
%w
C48&’
uCW*
D1&1945’73
916579+&748E
9&a’() *N
FCW*
FG&4&945’73
916579+&748E
9&a’() *N
Y7$W*
@7&&19
916579+&748E
9&a’() *N
&\rsQ
@+8=
91<1+61E
9&a’() *N
% ?"/*- H ?"?$# ?"?-$ H ?"?%? ?"?-$ H ?"?%# ?"#-A H ?"?-,
* ?"-*/ H ?"?-$ ?"%/$ H ?"?*% ?"?,? H ?"?%- ?"#A* H ?"?-%
! ?"#!? H ?"%!- ?"!A- H ?"?,? ?"?#, H ?"?,/ %"!#* H ?"*!?
$ %"%-% H ?"?#- ?"AA% H ?"?/- ?"**# H ?"%?? *"?A% H ?"*A%
, %"-*/ H ?"%-# ?"/AA H ?"%*? ?"$?/ H ?"%%$ !"??* H ?"*#%
A *",?/ H ?"%A/ %"%/A H ?"*/% ?",$# H ?"%,A $"*$* H ?",-?
- *"-,* H ?"%-/ %"//$ H ?"*-* ?"-!, H ?"*?/ ,"!-% H ?"A*!
/ !",$/ H ?"*?? *"*/- H ?"%$% ?"#$? H ?"?#% A"--, H ?"$?A
# *"%,, H ?"%*$ ?"#?- H ?"%!$ ?",%A H ?"?// !",-# H ?"!!*
%? %"/!! H ?"%$% ?"A$A H ?"%%! ?"!!, H ?"?## *"/%$ H ?"!*!
%% %"?!/ H ?"?#! ?"$#$ H ?"?%/ ?"%$% H ?"?!/ %"A-$ H ?"%!/
%* ?"#-% H ?"?$$ ?"?$% H ?"?*! ?"?/! H ?"?%A %"?#$ H ?"?A,
VU :4&+< *?"%#? H %"!,? #",#A H ?"-,A $"%,, H %"%?? !!"#$% H !"%/$
!:; 9:6op"?@)A)*?y)q
PQ&\|=RS=8*M&75oZqO4
Y7rT|=.R\QZ *"*$, &a’() * +) %** hu
:y -/",.o *%",.w\qY7$%TRQy%TRQtz~, A"*. I //"-..WXP9/Y^
***??%Nw
|=\IR4QZ %%,",,/ &a’() **K8!K
|=R4QZ %%?"#, &a’() **y|=4G\Q.
#A"?%.*n|=R4GQUvau]BEO46Z
O4.\IRxGQDo-\ !"/A/ &a’() **y&
\R4Q. !"!$.*n|=R4GQ&’BXw&
\|=$%T\IRQZ *"*$, &a’() * +) %*t&|=$W*Q;3 #"*,- &a’() * +) %*^ {=>PQ
&|=\IR"QOI*8*6&\|=$W*Q
F\4w
UVilPQ&|=\IR[.Q0Z *?"%,
$*6()*\+&J,~9!"#$% &’($)’*+,-."%N&|
=\IR[.Q0!)9**"* $N*t45-.%
9/$*-0$% ’)"*#’1’-N&9,?"%$NR/G45&9!*$Nh
!"/5&9$/ $NS9qrs***??AB#D$**
*??!Bahj***??,N*]D_,PQ&\|=W*
XMF*rsRQX*t|=\IR4Q!ncIw
$ x.6<.
PQ&|=\IRxQZ %%,"-,/ &a’() **K
8!K|=XZ %%?"#,? &a’() **Y7$XZ ?"-$?
&a’() *w6 C { & J . q f9 2$##"#34’."’
)’#0*,)’&’N&\!t*PQ&|=\\IR"QBF
,qf&9’0***??,B*C{***??-N*8*j,
PQa\.\q|5qs$QX*ugS1*c$_
\|o4ZqR23*4ai|=\IRnwl]{
iP5*PQ&|=.F9*k,,qf&w
PQ&O4$[.MZ ?"#! ;a+) %*~,ef
O4.$[.MWX*I,I67q9 !"0*’
%"&04*#%"%N. %"?, ;a+) %oI68%99 5"-",6*#6-,#
&$)"7"+*-’N. %"*? ;a+) %*F,3Q98*#6-,0’)’.,7%"%
,)64’."N. ?"$- ;a+) %RR\~9! " *))",&&""N. ?",*
;a+) %R.:;~9 ! " %9)1*%&-"%N. ?",? ;a+) %R*
<~9! " &’*6’N. ?"$-;a+) %oI6=q9:("*%’.
’(")"%N. ?"$, ;a+) %99DA**%##*B&>{**
%##/Nwn,PQO4[.MSF.LM*8*6?
@J=,8TUV*SKv?@JP9NVN\+:
.PU]^*mXPQ&=2Z3\R,PQsv
.!Z~?*]w~?f@iPQ45sv.=>*
-riO4[.wM2*PQ&O4[.6=>:
s.45@\3?@w
|=W*N{|!5FCW*ouCW*OP
.C\~E*p6|=$LR@)bK\4t*@Z
n^Ro\@Ahs$.%&wBCn^JP.&
\|=rs JK* Q3uSX*lINV3UVBC
c&’() * +) %*mX;\A8jF3I*BCc&&\|=$W*Qg]^>?.bH9KBC**
%##-B#v‘**%##/BaJu***??$Baff**
*??,NwC{n^J.BCc&U.BC$DES|=W*Q,\3u*’FDg
{yGH92’%&’#,7%"% ;’<’;’.""NFGHIJP.y
GH/G&R!!$s.yGH!"&hqf!"&
|=$W*Qu:Z ,?"!/-*!$"A%? o %A"A,/ &a
’() * +) %BOx)C/G;s45&R%% $so *?
$sqf&|=$W*Qu:Z *#"?/,*!%",* o
%?",%- & JK*a’() * +) %9*C{**??!Baff**
*??,BnI***??,NwM2*Z,&dVPQ&|=
W*Q*@o?,BC=>:sPQ&|=W*.
abouvw
$% & ’ ( ) $,"
\|=R%T6%lD0.43A"a6wZ,&
’(nCPQ&s35qn^cn^?@.&oh
KO^cRS=8.J*ou]*@o?,nSO
BCJPoBC=>:sq.PQ&\|=RS=
.tS?@w
Z [ , -
2DC*#|J*FuC** ! "##$ ! ITUV %x]NV~YJT
Uc&s35q|=W*hKAuu3 ! s3)Z*"$9&N|
’$(’ % ’)#" !
#.p*- **o K** ! "##* ! yIALLM|=W*a6 !
o]s3)Z*’&9(N|’&&" % ’&+#!
j k ! ’((+ !8Cs35q?@UVpa6uvj,noKKKo
\s$67>?pa6uv !I_|8Cj,l]‘ !
n I*MXD*is@** ! "##& ! qf!"&&\|= ,-" rs
QhK%&Mz.?@ !&’()**’9"N|’ % $!
’ 0*NOP*QRa** ! "##& ! qfR*kST&hK67&s
35q ,R.4Q ! s3)Z*"&9’"N|/’*+ % /’&*!
;}~ ! "##" ! |kQT ! UV|W1()?&l]‘ !
qrs*#D$*XY)** ! "##+ ! ()*\+&J,~&|=RS
=?@ ! o]s3)Z*’$9&N|$&( % $+* !
&>{*& Z*a/L ! ’(() ! 3Q&O4[..?@ ! [4X)
)Z|FG()]*/$9/N|*"( % */& !
#!L ! ’((+ ! 8Cs35q?@UVpa6uvj,noKKK|
=L@uv6|L-. !I_|8Cj,l]‘ !
#D$*qi\*(]^** ! "##/ ! *\+&J-.%&|=RS=
.43^U ! HI6&(?X))Z*/’9+N|’* % ’)!
#v‘*n_7*JM[ ! ’(() !I_1\NVc&.|=W* ! @$
s3)Z*""9"N|’’( % ’"+ !
#v‘*n_7 ! ’(($ ! |=W*.%&h^cO8qN8.%& !
s3)Z*’$9&N|*+( % *$+ !
9DA*‘X8 ! ’((" ! CtnO4?@.43 ! s3)\/*’’9*N|
*+ % *(!
KBC*"wk*-9^** ! ’(($ ! aN)UV1\‘&|= ,xQ
o ,-" 7sQ.DG?@ ! @$s3)Z*"’9&N|*’+ % *"/!
*C{*W2‘*QRa** ! "##$ ! PQRqf!"&s35qR4
QhKu#a6 !s3)Z*"$9$N|"$(* % ")#’!
*C{ ! "##/ ! qf!"&s35qRA"?@ ! ;H6’X)b
c)=.s !
Ie$*ID{*&uY ! "##/ ! ^{=>PQ&|=Eb\IRn
?@ ! P|H})Z*’$9*N|’& % "’!
ahj*qpm ! "##+ ! )I)Jc&s35q|=W*Au.u3
Q@ ! s3)Z*"+9+N|’+*# % ’+*$!
ahj*qpm ! "##& ! )I)Jc&s35q|=R4QoR}Q
.?@ ! s3)Z*"&9’’N|")$& % "))" !
aJu*-k!*qde ! "##* ! xTUVc&67:;~E8&q
|=.W*a6 ! oH@$*"*9&N|**/ % **(!
aff*#!P*qYC** ! "##& ! 8CTUVc&.yn|=W*
43h}Q.%& ! s3)Z*"&9$N|’+)* % ’+(#!
/Y^*K80 ! "##’ ! c&s35qO4s)*/$9/N|’"+ % ’/)!
[C^*&uY ! "##* ! PQ&.RK8oR4QhKs0ug ! &
’()**#9+N|"# % "*!
[C^*ID{*KDc** ! "##+ ! PQ&^{=>~E8|=Eb
\IRn.:? ! &’()**"9+N|’"* % ’")!
012345 6 7*829:;3<92 = >! "##/ ! ?;9@A B9CD129B953 4E 2443 29DF;2C3;45
;5A;GC39 @;33@9 34 54 D9CD45C@ 39BF92C39 CGG@;BC3;45 E42 D1:C2 BCF@9 C5A
29A F;59! H299 8IJD;4@4:J*"/|"$/ % ")#!
KC5D45 8 7*LAMC2AD . H*NC2395 , H*!" #$ ! "### ! >9FC2C3;5: 2443 C5A
D4;@ B;G24O;C@ G4532;O13;45D 34 D4;@ 29DF;2C3;45|C 29P;9M 4E B93I4AD C5A
4OD92PC3;45D! 0;4:94GI9B;D32J**)|’’& % ’*+ !
QC3I; R*0C@A499I; S S*7C2P;D 8 N! ’((( ! HI9 GC2O45 OC@C5G9 4E 324F;GC@*
39BF92C39 C5A O429C@E429D3D! 8@C53 ,9@@ C5A L5P;24B953*""|$’& %
$*#!
QG,@C1:I923J , 6*6O92 7 S! ’()" ! HI9 24@9 4E E;59 2443D ;5 3I9 42:C5;G
BC3392 C5A 5;324:95 O1A:93D 4E 3M4 E429D39A 9G4DJD39BD! LG4@4:J*’*)’
% ’*(#!
.CTC59 =! ’($) ! 6 BC3I9BC3;GC@ B4A9@ 4E 3I9 O9ICP;42 C5A P923;GC@
A;D32;O13;45 4E 42:C5;G GC2O45 ;5 E429D3 D4;@D !|C 29P;D9A B4A9@ 3CT;5:
3I9 D1FF@J 4E 2443 @;3392 ;534 G45D;A92C3;45! 7CFC59D9 74125C@ 4E LG4@4:J*
")9/N|’+( % ’$$!
.CTC59 =! ’()+ ! ,C2O45 GJG@;5: ;5 E429D3 9G4DJD39BD! 7CFC59D9 74125C@ 4E
LG4@4:J*/+9’N|"( % /(!
-@D45 7 >! ’(+/ ! L592:J D342C:9 C5A 3I9 OC@C5G9 4E F24A1G92D C5A
A9G4BF4D92D ;5 9G4@4:;GC@ DJD39BD! LG4@4:J***|/"/ % //’!
UC;GI 7 V*843392 , >! ’((& ! N@4OC@ FC33925D 4E GC2O45 A;4W;A9 9B;DD;45D
E24B D4;@D! N@4OC@ 0;4:94GI9B;GC@ ,JG@9D*(|"/ % /+!
UC;GI 7 V*>GI@9D;5:92 V K! ’(("! HI9 :@4OC@ GC2O45 A;4W;A9 E@1W ;5 D4;@
29DF;2C3;45 C5A ;3D 29@C3;45DI@F 34 P9:93C3;45 C5A G@;BC39! H9@@1D***0|
)@ % (( !
VC5: , =*RC5: 7 R! "##$ ! UI;<4DFI92;G C5A I93924324FI;G G4BF45953D 4E
D4;@ 29DF;2C3;45 ;5 D;W ,I;59D9 39BF92C39 E429D3D! N@4OC@ ,IC5:9 0;4@4:J*
’/|’"/ % ’/’!
!"#$% &’()
&’! +# *C{*|Ox)CPQ&|=RS=a6