为弄清兴安落叶松挥发性物质及其变化对落叶松毛虫寄主选择行为的影响,将兴安落叶松苗进行剪叶损伤和落叶松毛虫幼虫取食25%针叶、50%针叶处理,以健康苗为对照,研究落叶松毛虫成虫对不同状况寄主的产卵选择情况。同时,研究落叶松毛虫雌雄成虫对兴安落叶松R型α-蒎烯、S型α-蒎烯、S型β-蒎烯、叶醇、月桂烯、3-蒈烯,β-罗勒烯、水芹烯和莰烯等9种挥发物的趋性反应。结果表明:已交尾雌虫优先在健康植株上产卵,其产卵量占总产卵量的81%~89.5%; 在不同程度损伤中,优先在轻度损伤的植株上产卵; 机械伤苗上的产卵量要大于虫伤苗上的产卵量; 将落叶松毛虫成虫触角剪去后,发现92.4%的卵被产在地面和笼网上,只有7.6%的卵产在苗上。在健康植株与损伤植株中,幼虫偏嗜健康植株,这与成虫偏嗜选择健康植株产卵是一致的。雌成虫对于β-罗勒烯、月桂烯和3-蒈烯,雄成虫对于莰烯和0.01,0.1,0.2,05 μL·μL-1的叶醇均表现出负趋性,β-蒎烯、S型α-蒎烯在低含量时对雌雄成虫均具有诱引作用,高含量时则表现出驱避作用。R型α-蒎烯、水芹烯、莰烯和3-蒈烯对幼虫有诱引作用,月桂烯则具有驱避作用。
Effects of volatiles and their change of Larix gmeliniion the hostplant selection of a larch defoliator (Dendrolimus superans) were studied. The larch seedlings were treated by being cut, and the defoliator larva was feeding with 25% or 50% needles before bioassay experiments. The results showed that the mated female moths preferred to oviposite on healthy seedlings of Larix gmelinii, which accounted for 86.1%~89.5% of total eggs. Among different injuries, they preferred to oviposite on lightly injured plants, and the oviposition quantities were more on mechanically injured plants than on insect feeding plants. It was found that 92.4% eggs were laid on the ground and nets, and only 7.6% were deposited on plants after the female antennae were cut. The larvae tended to healthy plants rather than injured plants, which was consistent with the results of adult oviposition choice. β ocimene, myrcene and 3carene in the volatiles had repellent effects to femal adults, while camphene and phytol of 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 μL·μL-1 showed repellent effects to the males Besides, βpinene and S αpinene were attractive to both male and female adults in low concentrations, however showed repellent effect in high concentrations. Olfactory responses indicated that larvae were attracted by Rαpinene, phellandren, camphene and 3 carene, and repelled by myrcene.
全 文 :! !"" ! !#
# $ $ %$ ! %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1!
,234*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
# $ $ %
233oWISA233 %/
SUnr(7Q^fd"
#8950# :;a5 < x5 ! =5 > ?5 !=86
<51 tl&’))&)A "#$ 5"$$!$a#1 BlE+EL&’3s&;W?[2’/& +E $"6$$$a
61 ’Y&E=E=G&’3s&;W?[2’/& E=E= $#"6"$G
! "# ^t-SA233SUnr(Ov:;I233oW?MxyQ^7/0*1SA233iPQt3
}Y)233oWOWBk #"713N"$713u’*6(~i^I?*?@233oWyWI#$mk?M7%
HxyjkS$@*?@233oW!IyWISA233 !7!8JKN"7!8JKN" 7"8JKN3,N%~
KN6 8LK*"8)@KNEFK)MK1 %/SUr7[nfdSTUVWX(d2!WDib(~Jgk%H*
v%H6EF%H67 9:157 ; 9%1"7ab#$(H}Y=*DibZH}Y7Jgk%Ha#NYik7%H
6N)$WYik7%H6a1233oWyW~[tO4*U) %#1!77Hd%b&/)O)k*o3 <1:77
H%bikSb(~Jgx}YJg=*OW|P(~Jg*"xyW|Pxy(~Jg%Hc_‘7S!yW
I$"8)@KN%~K) 6 8LK*IyWI$MK) $1$5*$15*$1#*$1"#-,#-
8 573,BV)F}[n*"8J
KN"7!8JKbm56@I!IyWBx3‘r!"*h56@9V)F{V!"S! 7!8JKNEFKNM
K) 6 8LKIOW3‘r!"*%~K9x3{V!"S
$%&X 233oWaSUn;bra‘ra{Va?MxyaSA233
’()*+#&<591< ,-./0#, ,12+#5$$5 8 >?@#X#$$< 8 $" 8 #9S
ABCDX>E1M()ABXtCD<6$6<55:6GNV!xE3)Q>ABXtCD<-’$!’$:GNV!xEL|CD<=>$!>#$#GS
"@A3^Jv!qS
!"#$%&’()$* +",-’.,", ’/ !"#$%&’()*+ +*,"%-#+ 0’
1$#()&. 2$)3# $.4 50, 6&." 7’*$0&*",
-?@ A?BCDEFBC5*# AGB &EGBHE@B5 ’EFBC I/BC5 JGBC K?5 JFB LGB5 JGBC AGBM@B6
<51 #$%%&’& $( )$*&+,*-*.$*,/&0+, )$*&+,*- 1234&*+3,- 50*632 5"$$!$a
#1 #$2,*$% 027 890*02,32& ",0,3$2 $( )$*&+, :&+,+*5&2’+/93 )$*&+,*- ;9*&09 5&2’+/93 $"6$$$a
61 #$2,*$% 027 890*02,32& ",0,3$2 $( )$*&+, :&+,+*<&+/3=&,&2’ ;022&* )$*&+,*- ;9*&09 <&+/3=&,&2’ $#"6"$G
89,0)$30X )NNFHOD /N P/0GO?0FD GBQ OEF?3 HEGBCF /N >0*3? ’@&%3233 /B OEF E/DO20GBO +&%&A,3$2 /N G 0G3HE QFN/0?GO/3+9C&*02+GRF3F DO@Q?FQ4 +EF 0G3HE DFFQ0?BCD RF3F O3FGOFQ ST SF?BC H@O*GBQ OEF QFN/0?GO/3 0G3PG RGD NFFQ?BC R?OE #"7 /3 "$7
BFFQ0FD SFN/3F S?/GDDGT FU2F3?VFBOD 4 +EF 3FD@0OD DE/RFQ OEGO OEF VGOFQ NFVG0F V/OED 23FNF33FQ O/ /P?2/D?OF /B EFG0OET DFFQ0?BCD
/N >0*3? ’@&%3233*RE?HE GHH/@BOFQ N/3 9:157 ; 9%1"7 /N O/OG0 FCCD 4 ,V/BC Q?NNF3FBO ?BM@3?FD*OEFT 23FNF33FQ O/ /P?2/D?OF /B
0?CEO0T ?BM@3FQ 20GBOD*GBQ OEF /P?2/D?O?/B W@GBO?O?FD RF3F V/3F /B VFHEGB?HG00T ?BM@3FQ 20GBOD OEGB /B ?BDFHO NFFQ?BC 20GBOD 4 (O
RGD N/@BQ OEGO %#1!7 FCCD RF3F 0G?Q /B OEF C3/@BQ GBQ BFOD*GBQ /B0T <1:7 RF3F QF2/D?OFQ /B 20GBOD GNOF3 OEF NFVG0F GBOFBBGF
RF3F H@O 4 +EF 0G3PGF OFBQFQ O/ EFG0OET 20GBOD 3GOEF3 OEGB ?BM@3FQ 20GBOD*RE?HE RGD H/BD?DOFBO R?OE OEF 3FD@0OD /N GQ@0O /P?2/D?O?/B
HE/?HF4"X/H?VFBF*VT3HFBF GBQ 6XHG3FBF ?B OEF P/0GO?0FD EGQ 3F2F00FBO FNNFHOD O/ NFVG0 GQ@0OD*RE?0F HGV2EFBF GBQ 2ETO/0 /N
$1$5*$15*$1#*$1"#-,#-
8 5 DE/RFQ 3F2F00FBO FNNFHOD O/ OEF VG0FD1 >FD?QFD*"X2?BFBF GBQ "X!X2?BFBF RF3F GOO3GHO?PF O/ S/OE
VG0F GBQ NFVG0F GQ@0OD ?B 0/R H/BHFBO3GO?/BD*E/RFPF3 DE/RFQ 3F2F00FBO FNNFHO ?B E?CE H/BHFBO3GO?/BD 4 Y0NGHO/3T 3FD2/BDFD
?BQ?HGOFQ OEGO 0G3PGF RF3F GOO3GHOFQ ST !X!X2?BFBF*2EF00GBQ3FB*HGV2EFBF GBQ 6XHG3FBF*GBQ 3F2F00FQ ST VT3HFBF4
:"; <’)4,X B&27*$%3@9+ +9C&*02+a20GBO P/0GO?0FDa0@3Fa3F2F00FBOaE/DO20GBO DF0FHO?/Ba>0*3? ’@&%3233
233oWtl
&-7-N?W*>?233< >0*3? D224GNn3
<:329+ =$*03&2+3+GND3<: 4 ,069%0&($*@3+GNA^3<: 4
+-%4&+,*3+ PG34 @$2’$%3A0G1lC&-MN138/S
pW.U@Qe13*K:sR*b$-S*@-@
K38yj\*v&’d%.6@->?
~yVW;)d97U}*#JrpJr%D=(
B)0j:0?W7drcnr(*K"Jr0d
r(VF?WQ^#l:0v>?*(y^?WH
b2’7_"JKn7[\<$%&’() !" #$ **!""+a
,-&) !" #$ **#..+a#../a0%%12 !" #$ **#..+a,[1*
#..+GSSA233<%#&’( )*!$’+’’GSUn;bry
0MN^!3 JKN"3 JKN)@KNWKNEFK
16K
7xyRC*+R#$(HWYO#NYI233
oWQ^7/0aJ=tOyW~[7RC*?@
~[byW%H[7=7!"S^w[SA233
SUnr(I233oW7YL!"*=t-vr
,YL!"<\bHyk*J=yWNOWI$?M
JrSUr7Q^fdRC*RUIv%H[76
OBk1Q^x3s,!"7y0S
! i’xCs
!"! "#$K
233oWZ@1’Y&[E!OE=E=G
g9%233&*I’\4uyW*"$%HxyR
CS!IyWd2%H*];F!OW*\4u # 4
5 {"$OW7BkRCSSA233i^ 5 $d
a#i*gh /. 4 6. 78SMN.^3 97&*)9
@{.S, 7!3JK "":N- 7!3JK "";<:N
- 7"3JK "":N3, "6:N%~K ".:N5 3LK
".:<=(>82 XfG*"3 )@K<6.: 7(?@-7(8%) 2)A
#<: ’(8-)%)GNEFK <.:
yWI#$u’2337%HxyXbi+L
N^|7)_’% +" ! 8 G ! 8 G ! 874WO=
i7S4WO{0^#H$*v’/+73ipzX
#0O*(~iN#<:13tYiN<.:13tYia
%0O*(~iN#<:13WYiN<.:13WYia
&0O*(~iN<.:13tYiN<.:13WYia
$0O*(~iSBggd27!Ww !. w/+$
#*%*&04WO’*k8vb!"Jgk7%H
jkS1tO~[7(d2!W !. w/$$04
WO’*k8vbO’7%HjkS
yWI233SUr7Q^fdX1@*72
33oWZ*‘b4WO’/+$4WI’*4W
IiH:0b<#< H !GI*e?
2%HS97YL.c"ab0y7K9X7&*As
e !. 78*’$ 5 78*Lc1ex #. 78*Lcl[x
6
"K‘&z{CSO<"$:09C6GNF39l
2<3jpz9G7N[G<+.. 8JGNF3cnx7
abG<"$);z9GN9e1SHRx*B560
>^ .;.!*.;!*.;#*.;<’J,’J
3 !7]2SUr !.
’J*0$fkj!"c7N[G’al_NJ9s)z9*z9CS
+ J,8()3 !SyW3[en*^ V.e!N9C1R
e7y7Q’*!H ! 0de ! 0N[G77+S
I$!/JrSUr7H[*!NIyWBw #.w*
-Q 5 0Sc3HRBbe!B37BCI’P
Q*!0HRxi|PBCI7U9Ne9 # &*)
0>HR!NIyWI#$:{7YLfdS
OWI233OvSUr7Q^fdX1gg
];7!OW/bt46’+$4WI’\4St
467gsi‘ !=V0o@*bvks)/ !V
fk*fkkhE6NSIHS!L@*V]72
33ON3j\4*u #{@PQpzRCSP$
233oWOWx3[en*2oRCbAdiY
{k7J6j’PQ*&s%+e2*Ke?>?B
3_‘S
!GOWI?MJrSUr7xyRC B #.
w #{OW*kl !L4|QPQRCS"aw^
QB !.’J7:{0$fkk*/$ 97&_Nc
7N[G’*l_N!z{Kv)7z9J=*!0
1 !wOW/9=&7ckk8vxyjk*k8
@&^ < 8()*-Q 50S
#GOWI?MJr7Q^fd 0>"t3
Y #<:*<.:)WY #<:*<.:7OiPQRC*H
Rpz +/&bX#(~Nt3Y #<:a%(~Nt
3Y <.:a&(~NWY #<:a$(~NWY <.:*
k8OW7xyjkShi"\lL1u’7Oi
mn*&’L7zNz{cnx6=fz9*&’L
7kNz{)9@{.6zBz9*v&"K‘&z
{b 97&7_"ck*)"\l&’Lmn(~7
Oi*z{b 97&l_N7ckSh|)9@{
.*/9kl !L7 #{OW*k8vbc’7xy
jk*k8@&^ < 8()*-Q 50*"W6^ #.wS
!"$ z=)f
K" =N== PQ E$OPE C’0R) 0C)72) 7
-9]S
56! +# "8U1X233oWISA233 "/SUnr(7Q^fd
! TUx0R
!"# ;
gx3WG7xyn*TUXV "SPV "RX*b
!*"0O=*(~JgxjYJg’(GX$%$&G*t3 !&’x &$’NWY !&’x &$’’(#G
Xg*lbja}Y7Jgk%H]WSb#0O=*
(~Nt3 &$’)WY &$’%&’(GX< ! #
$%$&G*233oW1)s0H%b(~Jgk*l
bja}Y7Jgk*#NY9WYJg%H7_
sSRX*b{$}Yjkz*yW$[\$b#N
}Y73ik%H*"5fgb233oW7_/
d_qG*8~_gJrk$/VW=7@*46q
Rea.xyv3JrBk*"anlbkrNz&
#Z7y7d_%.Sb$0O=*tO~[72
33oWo1 )%*’ 7H%b(~Jgk*l
+!%,’7H%bO)k)&/k*’(nGX*"w
WZO~[7233oWIT[7a?MJr*~
[cvMN7YL^_S
5 # ;
-Q
-./.010123
!0O%H6
4556 13 3.0 !
"0O%H6
4556 13 3.0 "
#0O%H6
4556 13 3.0 #
$0O%H6
4556 13 3.0 $
(~
7.890:;
t3 !&’
<=00135
!&’
t3 &$’
<=00135
&$’
(~
7.890:;
WY !&’
>..?135
!&’
WY &$’
>..?135
&$’
(~
7.890:;
t3 &$’
@.8ABC=00135
&$’
WY &$’
>..?135
&$’
(~
7.890:;
OO&k
D3 0:. 5E2=3?
83? 3.0
" ,+! *! ,F ,F& !G "& ,F+ && "! &* ,)F
! &&! G" "* &$F *$ !" &$F *$ !" G$ &!+
G ,&F ,* ,$ &!* ,! "F &!* ,! "F ,! &&)
F) H2089 " &$!% "G+ "$, " &"+% "!& &, " &!G% "&) &" "!F " &*,
%Hs0S
DI1/610123
/.EC.3085.J’
F*%"8 F%$K &%+K F+%&8 )%,K G%"K FF%$8 +%"K !%+C )%*8 +!%,K
% !?GeVhb ! # $%$&E*’(GXSLM899 9.00.E 6:2N 0:. 61531A1C830 ?1AA.E.3C. 80 ! # $%$& 9.I.9 O
5 ! ;
SUr P298019.6 $%$"&@,&@
Q "
"# Q< QGQ’QJK "#B< QGB’B/13.3. **%,! GG%* &)%)! ,!%G ,F%" &"%+ ,G%& &*%&
(Q)@K(Q 2C1M.3. ,G%F! &*%! &,%$! ,*%$ ,&%G! &,%) ,$%&!! &+%&
"# Q< QGQ(QJK "#B< QGB(B/13.3. &F%*!! ,"%, &&%,!! ,,%* ,,%F! &&%! ,!%!!! &)%F
EFK T:.9983?E.3. &G%F! ,*%! ,)%& &!%& ,G%G!! &*%) ,!%+! &)%"
MK <8M/:.3. ,,%G! &&%) &G%, ,*%* G+%$!! *"%$ ,"%G!! &F%)
3, T:;029 &)%+!! ,!%" &*%"!! ,G%+ ,,%F! &&%! ,"%,! &F%*
%~K U;EC.3. ,)%, &!%* ,*%)!! &G%G ,)%$! &G%$ ,&%&! &,%&
< SGQ G QLK< SGBGBC8E.3. ,*%*! &G%, ,)%!! &!%F ,&%&!! &,%& ,*%G! &G%)
%
!"! ;
233oW!yWI233 ,/567 +/SUr
7I’Q^fd*TUXV !SbV ! =*" 7’Q
JKb $%"&@,&@
Q "@I233oW!Wx3‘r
!"*‘rS^ &*%F’*bv3HRE*zBV)
^{V!"S # 7’QJKb $%$") $%"&@,&@
Q "
@I!Wx3‘r!"*‘rS0>^ **%,’)
&)%)’*$%!) $%&&@,&@
Q "{V!"#GXS(Q)
@Kb $%$"*$%!*$%&&@,&@
Q "@*I233oW!
WBx3{V!"S(QJK56"$%"&@,&@
Q "@
I233oW!Wx3‘r!"*#$%!&@,&@
Q "@
9V)^{V!"*{VS^ &&%!’) &)%F’SE
FK)MKb $%$"&@,&@
Q "@I233oW!Wx
3‘r!"*‘rS^ &G%F’*b $%! ) $%&&@,
&@
Q "@9V)^{V!"S3,b $%$") $%"&@,
&@
Q "@I233oW!Wx3‘r!"*‘rS0
>^ &)%+’) &*%"’*b $%!) $%&&@,&@
Q "@9x
,) & ’ ( ) ,&"
3{V!"S%~K) ! " LKb #$#%*#$%*#$&*
#$’!(,!(
" %@Bx3{V!"S
&$&$& POKALMNO 233oWIyWI
233 )/567 */SUr7I’Q^fdTU
XV !SbV !=*! 7""JK56!#$%!(,!(
" %
@I233oWIWx3{V!"*bm56@V
)^‘r!"S" 7""JKb #$%!(,!(
" %@I2
33oWIWx3‘r!"*‘rS^ ’’$+,*b
#$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@9V)F{V!"S#")@K
b #$#%) #$%!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*‘rS^
’+$!,) ’$*,*b #$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@x3{V!
"S#"JKb #$%!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*‘r
S^ ’’$+,*b #$#%*#$&*#$’ @V)F{V!"S
EFKb #$%!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*‘rS^
’-$&,*b #$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@V)F{V!"SM
K)3,b #$#%*#$%) #$’!(,!(
" %@V){V!
"S%~Kb #$%) #$&!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*
‘rS0>^ ’&$*,*’’$*,*b #$#% ) #$’!(,
!(
" %@9V)F{V!"S! "LKb #$#%*#$%)
#$&!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*‘rS^ ’’$.,)
’!$.,*b #$’!(,!(
" %@V)F{V!"S
5 ! ;
SUr /0123415 #$#%!(,!(
" % 67#$#% #$%!(,!(
" % 67#$% #$&!(,!(
" % 67#$& #$’!(,!(
" % 67#$’
%! "< 8G"""JK %!9< 8G9"9:4;5;5 ’)$*"" )’$% )’$-" ’)$! )&$&"" ’-$. )’$#" ’’$#
%" "< "G"""JK %"9< "G9"9:4;5;5 )%$*"" ’.$% ’’$+ ))$) )+$#"" ’)$# )’$." ’)$&
#")@K#90<4=5;5 ’+$!"" )!$- ’&$*" )-$% ))$%" ’’$* )!$&"" ’+$.
%" "< "G"#"JK %"9< "G9#9:4;5;5 ))$)" ’’$+ ’’$&" ))$. )’$%" ’)$* )’$." ’)$&
EFK >?5112;@A5; ’&$. )-$& ’-$&"" )&$. )+$." ’!$& )%$#"" ’*$#
MK 62=:?5;5 ))$."" ’’$& )+$*" ’!$% )-$& ’&$. )!$&"" ’+$.
3, >?B301 )+$*" ’!$% )-$-" ’&$! ’-$+"" )&$) )+$&" ’!$.
%~K CBA<5;5 )&$*"" ’-$% ’&$*"" )-$% ’’$*"" ))$% )-$’" ’&$’
< 8G" ! "LK< 8G9!9<2A5;5 ’’$."" ))$& ’!$." )+$& ’-$."" )&$& )’$." ’)$&
45! bY!;
3{VN‘r!"*TUXV )S#V ) =R6k
a*! 7""JKNEFKN%~KN! "LKNMKb
#$#%*#$%*#$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@Bx3‘r!"S "
7""JK #$#%!(,!(
" %I233oWx3{V!
"*b #$%*#$&*#$’!(,!(
" %x3‘r!"S#" )
@Kb #$#%!(,!(
" %@IOWt3WG7[\!
"*~567Yh*b #$%*#$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@x3
‘r!"S#"JKb #$#%*#$%!(,!(
" %@x3‘
r!"*b #$&*#$’!(,!(
" %@x3{V!"S3,
b #$#%*#$%*#$’!(,!(
" %@x3‘r!"*b #$&
!(,!(
" %@#x3{V‘r!"S
5 6 ;
SUr /0123415D #$#%!(,!(
" % 67#$#% #$%!(,!(
" % 67#$% #$&!(,!(
" % 67#$& #$’!(,!(
" % 67#$’
%! "< 8G"""JK %!9< 8G9"9:4;5;5 .%$."" %.$& ’+$!"" )!$- -%$)"" &.$+ ’+$!" )!$-
%" "< "G"""JK %"9< "G9"9:4;5;5 !!$!" ++$- +%$%" !.$* .!$!"" %+$- +)$!" !’$-
#")@K#90<4=5;5 ’#$# ’#$# %##$#"" #$# %##$#"" #$# --$."" &&$&
%" "< "G"#"JK %"9< "G9#9:4;5;5 %##$#"" #$# +)$-" !’$! $#" .#$# $#" .#$#
EFK >?5112;@A5; %##$#"" #$# .-$’"" %&$’ .!$!"" %+$- +*$&"" !#$.
MK 62=:?5;5 -%$)"" &.$+ -!$!" &+$- %##$#"" #$# .’$-"" %)$!
3, >?B301 %##$#"" #$# ++$- !!$! ’#$# ’#$# +%$’"" !.$’
%~K CBA<5;5 &*$)" -#$+ %#$#" *#$# &!$%" -+$* $#" .#$#
< 8G" ! "LK< 8G9!9<2A5;5 .)$+"" %’$) ’)$’" )%$’ --$."" &&$& *#$*"" *$%
456 bY!wx[?;
(~Jg^I?*HRTUXV ’SPV ’RX*b
$&=*OW3 -)$’,xyb(~Jg*x &’,7
OWxybt3Y &’,73iab%&=*3
.-$’,7OWxyb(~Jg*xyt3Y ’#,3
i7o3 %&$’,ab&&=*--$&,7OWxyb
(~3i*| &!,7OWxybWY &’,73ia
b’&=*xyA~3i7OWEFWA7
.%$%,*lxyWY ’#,3i7o3 %.$*,SR
’-! )# "8U1X233oWISA233 */SUnr(7Q^fd
X*bRxy7jkz*OW|P(~Jg*xyS
Bb !"#6k*\uct3u’’cOWBku
’*JrIOW7Qr.;~}Y(H7p-lD
E*"xyW|Pxy(~Jg%Hc_‘7S
5 ! bY!wx[?;
! " # $
(~
$%&’()*
t3 +,#
-%&./01((234 +,#
(~
$%&’()*
t3 ,5#
-%&./01((234 ,5#
(~
$%&’()*
WY ,5#
6%%7234 ,5#
(~
$%&’()*
WY ,5#
6%%7234 ,5#
!"8, +,8,! 9!8, :+8,!! !!8+ ++89! 9:8: :98;!
< Tuxvu
?M9lIVW7%HQ^x3]57[\!
"<=&>23 !" #$ ?*+55,G*?W?M9l1#K$o<
xy%H5c<=&>23 !" #$ ?*+55@GpqKv%H6D
W
d}Y7Jgk<-&37C’(*+55:aD37%E>C3 !" #$ ?*
:;;;aF% GCE&%> !" #$ ?*+55:GS"x^?@7TU
_‘*(d2!WDib(~Jgk%H*v%H6
EF%H67 9+8<# H ;+89#*"{7%Hxy3
K$Dmv4Xdpkp?dnLqBk7#.*
DWT{OW7AB*5Dmbr,Jr‘r[A
7RenS
JknVWI?M7{j1@ +"P2XyW
%Hxy)OWHn<=)CIJ>C3*:;99GSxOW{
9*yW7!9H}OQ^Pc$3K$?MrR*
2oyW7%HxyIstDVWT^-N*#X
I%H5c7xy1o[)7AstDVW4X7
dewUOdemk
uuo<%#&!’#’(# )*’(+!$$#GOW>?]-7H,v
38<,!-./$/- *(00).#-"#1/&G*3j:\]743&
:}W]7*b"{7JgkyW]W*wW"/o
.K?MJr79ly0Ud:;*=4~yOW
{#7Rp*vH[7SUr&056.GXRp*
"sr(=7@)s0;3{Vv%H7!"
b(~pZH}Y7Jgk%H*wW233oW
yWb%Hxy=(=${.V|m(67?MJ
r*"x#$(HWYi7%HxyTU{
WI?M7xy*v;^P2b$ +/u’CsB
e‘r233%dx3{V!"7SUrSOWB
k@xw=%d7@p_b$OWxw=7v3;
)R0e
3’#--(.#!G7’%QCr=‘a{|pt@<%/
4’10C>27&>%G
<:! S ^A,",AGS - S T",-2R/<:!/
)*7ECT*’23C’%3C*’G/-/4’1(&I23%< UC’202(23G3
r7tu./S#l]K/stDVWlX0!r
=5‘abx" +/r(T~{J7y0*wWb
VW SJr7/&|t=3_"?$7R0#0
b#NYik7%H6N)$WYik7%H6*
55cOWlX0!r‘rb]h&07H[SU
r*pq‘rb$^Hf7[VSUr*"/~H’
[NP_qC5Sb(~Jgx}YJg7xyR
C=*OW|P(~Jg*"xyW|Pxy(~J
g%Hc_‘7S
OW7BkURe1/0vM;4yW7%H
Q^*/0yWxUsx3C0%HpBk‘r7
JrSUr7{X!"
DW*lVW\’\47! :X!o*b3\?M@
%H6:;#)
"=(=Re%d|’S2o^RC@"_dZM
;47yWPQRC*vOW"?MJr\4*=P
QdH*#lwNRCTU7Lwn)r9nSb
RC=(=pUU)U/SUr79lx3]57
[\!"*bUsjkz6u.<=cgJr./
7c3SUr7FKd*"/r(ae1d|Uy
‘p^*#lK!r)3’:7JrV|pDmV
W7>?
&$4o< 40)+)0"!’# 8’/6(0!’+#GBk‘r‘S<9!#
-Gi.%d)%,<’23&’CC’G*9(~‘Sc./
@! & ’ ( ) ","
7SUrIvyW$x‘r.a0p)%,7SU
r9t3pr(7JrSUr$xQr.*"VW
g&$4oYLfde2}_SUr7:;ls
:S^?@J= !7YL.7H[*pqw[b "
/?MSUrI233oWyWNOW7[\!"*
v= #$%) #$&!’,!’
( )7 )! (< *G("(JKI
!ox3]57{V!"*#$)!’,!’
( )7 )" (
< (G("(JKx3‘r!"*" %/r(3T|U
d"$&&‘px{V[2S
E F , -
03X*&,’*" (*1 + )"",$ 233139lx3oW>?7
|t +tl&’)))4*%-<-GX.# ( .,+
, [*(3W*t J*1 + %##-$ 7PkJr0dr(I!Eo%
H{V))k!"7?@ +d"d9)4*)&TgU + )""% +=>s&VW + % f
y +
@A3*Es%*IxR*1 + )"""$ 233SUnr(xJUR+>
?7|t +&’()*/&GX&. ( ,%+
123456 !*7895: ; <+ %##/$ ’56=5> ?@AB8C6? 4B B=DAB8D4DB: E?4?66?:48 5>4?68
8CF8?GC?:4 B=DAB8D4DB: F?35=DB6 D: H?:?65>D84*#$%&’()*+,%-.% 5:E
8A?ID5>D84*/*+01**- 23*(,01**- 9B438+ JBC6:5> BK L3?9DI5> MIB>BHN*%"
<.GX).&/ ( ).0#+
1>FB6: O P*PC6>D:H8 P L J*JB:?8 P O*10 -* + )""0$ 1: ?>DID4B6 BK A>5:4
=B>54D>?8 K6B9 F??4 569NQB69 B65> 8?I6?4DB:+ RID?:I?*%0,<&/)-GX"-&
( "-" +
1:E?68B: S*1>FB6: O+ )"""$ MKK?I48 B: B=DAB8D4DB: F?35=DBC6 5:E >56=5>
E?=?>BA9?:4 BK ")(4()01$- *%00($-*%, FN 3?6FD=B6?TD:ECI?E I35:H?8 D:
IB44B: A>5:48+ M:4B9B>BHD5 M@A?6D9?:45>D8 ?4 1AA>DI545*"%<)GX-& (
&)+
L566B>> ; J* RI39?>U M 1*;?5H3?6 V* 10 -* + %##,$ 14465I4DB: BK
")(4()01$- 5$+6%)1$4- >56=5? 4B =B>54D>?8 K6B9 3?6FD=B6? ( E595H?E 95DU?
8??E>D:H8+ JBC6:5> BK L3?9DI5> MIB>BHN*/%<"GX)")) ( )"%-+
W? ;B65?8 L ;*;?8I3?6 ; L*PC9>D:8B: J O*%##)$ L54?6AD>>56TD:ECI?E
:BI4C6:5> A>5:4 =B>54D>?8 6?A?> :B:8A?IDKDI K?95>?8+ X54C6?* -)#X
&00 ( &.# +
W??A5 R S*V?HD:? Y*JB3: O <+ %##-$ 1:4?::5> 6?8AB:8?8 BK KBC6 8A?ID?8
BK 46??T2D>>D:H F562 F??4>?8< LB>?BA4?65X RIB>N4DE5?G 4B =B>54D>?8
IB>>?I4?E K6B9 F??4>?8* 5:E 43?D6 3B84 5:E :B:3B84 IB:DK?68+
L3?9B?IB>BHN*)-<%GX&" ( ,,+
JB3: 1 <*Z35:H [ O*Y\65: <+ %##-$ 1=BDE5:I? BK :B:3B84 A>5:48 FN 5
F562 F??4>?* /%03(61.1, 7%41.0-0+,* D: 5 KB6?84 BK BEB68+
X54C6QD88?:8I35K4?:*")<&GX%)& ( %)" +
JB3: 1 <*]?D88F?I2?6 <*RI3^4U R+ %##, + _B>54D>? ?9D88DB:8 K6B9 81,&+*+,
9%))(&-,0-.+: D:ECI?E FN 9D:D:H BK >56=5> 845H?8 BK ;-:1$-$%-
<’$%41**- D:K>C?:I? B=DAB8D4DB: FN IB:8A?IDKDI K?95>?8+ JBC6:5> BK
L3?9DI5> MIB>BHN*/%<)#GX%/#/ ( %/)"+
’5:EB>4 S J+ %##)$ ;B43 ?@A?6D?:I? 5:E :B4 A>5:4 D:‘C6N 5KK?I4?E K?95>?
I5FF5H? >BBA?6 9B43<’?ADEBA4?65XXBI4CDE5?GB6D?:454DB: 4B AB454B
A>5:48+ P3? a>B6DE5 M:4B9B>BHD84*.-<%GX%-/ ( %-" +
;544D5IID ’*WDI2? ;*SB843C9C8 ; 1+ )""&$#TY>CIB8DE58?8X5: ?>DID4B6 BK
3?6FD=B6?TD:ECI?E A>5:4 BEB6 4354 54465I48 3B84T8?56I3D:H A5658D4DI Q58A8+
S6BI??ED:H8 BK 43? X54DB:5> 1I5E?9N BK RID?:I?8 BK 43? b:D4?E R454?8 BK
19?6DI5*"%<,GX%#/, ( %#-#+
X?3>D: Y*_5>4?6B=5 7*<56HT256>8B: 1 c+ )""-$ b8? BK IB:DK?6 =B>54D>?8 4B
6?ECI? D:‘C6N I5C8?E FN I566B4 A8N>>DE* #$%(=- -)%&-*%, a\684?6
V?8?456D48 ] J J+ )"",$ d=DAB8D4DB: 8D4? I3BDI? 5:E >DK? 3D84B6N ?=B>C4DB:+
19?6DI5: ZBB>BHD84*/,<%GX%#& ( %)&+
VBE6DHC?UTR5B:5 L*L65K48T<65:E:?6 R J*]D>>D598 777 ’*10 -* + %##%$ ’NHC8
3?8A?6C8 K??ED:H 5:E 85>D=56N H>5:E ?@465I48 D:ECI? =B>54D>? ?9D88DB:8 D:
A>5:48+ JBC6:5> BK L3?9DI5> MIB>BHN*%.<"GX)0// ( )0-0+
R3?>4B: 1 ;*<5E?:?8TS?6?U a V+ %##,$ LB:I?A48 5:E 5AA>DI54DB:8 BK 465A
I6BAAD:H D: A?84 95:5H?9?:4 + 1::C5> V?=D?Q BK M:4B9B>BHN*&)<)GX
%.& ( /#.+
P58D: ;*1:KB65 Y* 7B6D544D L* 10 -* + %##& + 1:4?::5> 5:E F?35=DB65>
6?8AB:8?8 BK H65A?=D:? 9B43 *(71,%- 7(0$-.- K?95>?8 4B =B>54D>?8 K6B9
H65A?=D:?+ JBC6:5> BK L3?9DI5> MIB>BHN*/)<)GX00 ( .0+
P58D: ;*
IC?8 D: 43? H65A?=D:? 9B43+ WD? X54C6QD88?:8I35K4?:*"/)--+
P3B9A8B: J X+ )"..$ M=B>C4DB:56N ?IB>BHN BK 43? 6?>54DB:83DA F?4Q??:
B=DAB8D4DB: A6?K?6?:I? 5:E A?6KB695:I? BK BKK8A6D:H D: A3N4BA35HBC8
D:8?I48+ M:4B9B>BHD5 M@A?6D9?:45>D8 ?4 1AA>DI545*-0<)GX/ ( )-+
]D4UH5>> S*1:8?FB ’*!5:H Z*10 -* + %##&$ S>5:4 =B>54D>?8 5KK?I4 B=DAB8D4DB:
FN IBE>D:H 9B438+ L3?9B?IB>BHN*)&<%GX00 ( ./+
!"#$% QRS)
00! -# "8U1X233oWISA233 "/SUnr(7Q^fd