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作 者 ：张先仪

期 刊 ：林业科学 1986年 22卷 3期 页码：225-232

关键词：杉木；

摘 要 ：本文对不同整地方式的水土保持作用和杉木幼林生长效果,进行了5年的连续定位观测。整地方式的水保作用与降雨量、降雨强度、前期降雨以及地形和抚育措施等均有密切关系。水保能力以穴垦最大,其次为水平带垦,再次为撩壕,全垦最小。平均每年每ha的固体迳流分别为0.023t,0.06t、0.454t、3.144t,液体迳流分别为0.92mm、1.76mm、4.68mm、9.68mm。全垦坡度超过25°,流失量急剧增加。但杉木幼林高生长,以撩壕的为最好,分别比全垦、水平带垦和穴垦高10.8%、35.5%、65.5%。单位面积以撩壕投工量最多,分别比全垦、水平带垦和穴垦多37.5%、53.8%、76.3%。

Abstract:This study was conducted from 1980 to 1984 in Zhu-Ting forest area, Hunan Province. The study was to find the effects of different ways of site preparation on soil and water conservation and the growth of the young stands of Chinese fir, for the purpose to choose the better way of site preparation based on scientific data.The climate of Zhu-Ting forest area is of subtropical type. The mean annual temperature is 17.5℃, mean annual preciptation 1417.3mm, maximum annual preciptation 1746.8mm. The area is hilly in topography with an altitude of 200—300m and its soil is acidic red soil.The runoff plot-design with four ways of site preparation has been adopted. Each runoff plot is 160m~2 on which 48 seedlings were planted with 2m×1.7m in space. A rainfall gauge were installed in the experimental area to record the amount of rainfall and its intensity. Soil loss and water runoff were measured after each rain. The height and diameter growth of the young stands were measured yearly.Data of 5 years show that the amount of rainfall, rain intensity, topography and ways of tending have significant effect on soil erosion. Capability of water and soil conservation was very different among four ways of site preparation—site preparation of all surface, site preparation by digging trenches, site preparation in strip, site preparation in pit, the mean annual soil losses were 3.144t/ha, 0.454t/ha, 0.06t/ha, 0.023t/ha, the mean annual surface runoff were 9.68mm, 4.68mm, 1.76mm, 0.92mm, respectively. The pit and stripe site preparation give better result of water and soil conservation than the others. The total height growth is as well affected by different ways of site preparation, like wise the mean total height is 2.64m, 2.96m, 1.9m, and 1.05m, respectively. The site preparation by digging trenches and all surface site preparation give the best result on the growth of young stands. The soil losses of all site preparation increases with increasing slop up to a critical point 25°. then a rapid increase happend in soil loss with further increase in slope. According to the close relationship between soil loss and slop, it is very important to apply all surface site preparation carefully.

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