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作 者 ：鲍甫成 江泽慧 姜笑梅 陆熙娴 骆秀琴

期 刊 ：林业科学 1998年 34卷 2期 页码：63-76

关键词：木材性质；幼龄材与成熟材；人工林与天然林木材；

Keywords:Wood property, Juvenile and mature wood, Plantation and natural forest wood,

摘 要 ：本文对中国10种人工林和4种天然林的幼龄材与成熟材及4个树种的人工林木材与天然林木材的构造特征、化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的33项材性指标差异进行了比较研究。结果表明,在幼龄材与成熟材之间,在统计上表现出差异显著性的为幼龄材比成熟材生长轮宽,管胞列数多,管胞短,直径小,微纤丝角大,密度小,径向干缩小,差异干缩大,流体扩散性高,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、径面顺纹抗剪强度、径面抗劈力和冲击韧性低等15项,即46%的测试项目差异显著;表明在木材加工和用作结构材时应将幼龄材和成熟材视作两个性质不同的总体来考虑,在培育结构材时应研究如何缩短幼年期或改善幼年期材性。在人工林与天然林木材之间,采取人工林幼龄材性质与天然林幼龄材性质相比,人工林成熟材性质与天然林成熟材性质相比,结果表明,多数性质在统计上差异不显著,只有人工林木材比天然林木材胞壁率小、顺纹抗压强度低、差异干缩大、流体扩散性高等4项,即只有12%的很少数测试项目差异显著;表明有可能通过人工培育的方法培育出与天然林木材性质相近的木材。

Abstract:Variance analysis on 33 indices of anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of juvenile vs. mature wood of 10 species from plantation and 4 species from natural forest and plantation vs. natural forest of 4 species in China shows there is significance of differences between juvenile and mature wood in most species. Compared to mature wood, the growth ring width of juvenile wood is wider, the tracheid row is more, the length of tracheid is shorten, the diameter of tracheid is smaller, the microfibrillar angle is bigger, the wood density is smaller, the radial shrinkage is smaller, the ratio of tangential to radial shrinkage is bigger, the moisture diffusion coefficient is higher, the bending strength, elastic modulus of bending strength, compressive strength parallel to the grain, radial shearing strength parallel to the grain, radial cleavage resistance and toughness are smaller, and above 15 indices (46%) have significant difference in statistics. This indicates that the juvenile wood and mature wood should be considered as 2 series with different properties in processing and using as structural material, and how to shorten the juvenile period and improve the properties of juvenile wood should be taken into account in cultivating forest for structural material. In order to compare the variance of wood from plantation vs. natural forest, the juvenile wood from plantation vs. that from natural forest,the mature wood from plantation vs. that from natural forest have been compared. Variance analysis on wood properties of plantation vs. natural forest of 4 species shows that there is no significance of difference between them in most properties except the following 4 properties (12%): compressive strength parallel to the grain of plantation is lower, ratio of trangential to radial shrinkage of plantation is bigger, moisture diffusion coefficient of plantation is higher, and cell wall ratio of plantation is smaller than those of natural one. This suggests that it is possible to cultivate wood with property similar to those of the wood from natural forest.

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