Abstract:The genetic diversity of 48 taro 〔Colocasia esculenta (L. ) Schott〕germplasm resources collected from Yunnan province were analyzed by AFLP technique and “3 + 2”primers labeled with fluorescence. 184 DNA bandswere amplified by three pairs of AFLP primers and 56.3 polymorphic bands per pair of primer were produced on average. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 91.8%. Rich genetic diversity of taro germplasm was displayed at DNA level in Yunnan province. Cluster analysis showed that the relationship between wild germplasms and cultivars was far, and the classification result based on AFLP markers of cultivars was basically consistent with those on their morphological characters.