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Purification Ability of Different Grasses to Eutrophic Water During the Cold Season

低温季节不同禾草对富营养水体净化能力的研究



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.025
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78

nO€Û%s%ðìEDQNTHIJK

Dô8-
(犆狅狉狋犪犱犲狉犻犪狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’)63Mx›^-
(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)1GTQN%ð§¥\‘¡¸t/0。Óù5d_,œBJKTQN&×\i(NH+4N)»
`#ä0,ô8-Dci(Totalnitrogen,TN),Ö\i(NO-3N)6ð+3Á`(Chemicaloxygendemand,COD)A
õ݅†sé3Mx›^-1G;3Mx›^-1G&‘8s’6‘G‰’T%𧥅†sé‘VdÃ’。Óù
20d_,œBJKDTN,NH+4 -N,NO-3 -NTAõÝW90%jS,Dcj(Totalphosphorus,TP)6CODTAõ
ÝW79%659%jS;QSúš•íŸ`ØíŸc`T50%jS,JrijÖ¹`ØcAõ`T80%jS。gh
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:X52    ABCDE:A     AFG@:10070435(2016)01018407
犘狌狉犻犳犻犮犪狋犻狅狀犃犫犻犾犻狋狔狅犳犇犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犌狉犪狊狊犲狊狋狅犈狌狋狉狅狆犺犻犮犠犪狋犲狉
犇狌狉犻狀犵狋犺犲犆狅犾犱犛犲犪狊狅狀
XUFang1,2,LIUMing1,ZONGJunqin2,NIUJiawei1,CHENJingbo2,LIDandan2,LIUJianxiu1,2
(1.ColegeofHorticulture,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210095,China;
2.InstituteofBotanyProvince&ChineseAcademyofScience,Nanjing,JiangsuProvince210014,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoscreenouttheproperplantmaterialsforthepurificationofeutrophicwaterincold
season,thenutrientuptakesandwaterpurificationabilitiesof犆狅狉狋犪犱犲狉犻犪狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’andthree犔狅
犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 (‘Tetragold’、‘Jumbo’、‘Maximus’)growingineutrophicwaterwerestudied.There
movalefficiencyoftotalnitrogen(TN),totalphosphorus(TP),chemicaloxygendemand(COD)inthe
waterandnitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P)accumulationintheplantsweremeasuredastheindexesof
evaluationofthosematerials.Thepurificationabilitiesofthesematerialsweresignificantlyhigherthanthe
control.After5daysofthetreatments,theconcentrationofNH+4Nwerecloseto0,theTN ,NO-3N
andCODremovalefficiencyof犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’significantlyhigherthanothermaterials,Thepurifi
cationabilitiesof‘Tetragold’and‘Jumbo’wassignificantlyhigherthan‘Maximus’.After20daysof
treatments,theremovalefficiencyofTN,NH+4N,NO-3Nweremorethan90%,andtheremovaleffi
ciencyofTPandCODweremorethan79%and59%,respectively.Theabovewaterdrybiomassofthese
plantmaterialsaccountedformorethan50%oftotaldrybiomass,andtheNandPuptakesaccountedfor
morethan80%ofthetotalremovalsystem,respectively.Althedataindicatedthat,犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumi
la’,‘Tetragold’and‘Jumbo’canbeusedasproperplantmaterialsforeutrophicwaterpurificationincold
season.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Coldseason;Waterpurification;Grasses;Nitrogenandphosphorusuptake
HIJK
:20141013;LMJK:20150312
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thorforcorrespondence,Email:turfunit@aliyun.com
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¯
[1],
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!1# § ?:€Û%s6@q-DìEDQN%ð§¥T/0
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(犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)n€Û%sTHF?-,5
‘£„_ÉLÐEDKFÜ5QNT8’n/0
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ˆ‰/0ghx›^-
T%ð:fHé‘XœBJK

n€Û%s%ðQ
NTHÒ(
[1315],
n‰éx›^-6@1G%
DQNTO*غ¼ri½
[16]。
ô8-
(犆狅狉狋犪犱犲狉犻犪狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪 ‘Pumila’)nʶ
VTq»*$9-»JK

HlKŠ–

Xp
.$ܕ

>%©LDxJK

•_

QN?p’
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ÚHÒTD‘-1G
[1718]。
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[19]
°PLZ;_ŽT‘XD‘-€\ƒsw#T%
2

ô8-ELУP•

&¥|?
[20]
/0ghô
8-TÝY‘š§¥

‘W6­6‘ž­©…†
–é72GŸ_JK,ó§cnsêgJKLŸ_
&°›9\:˜

jS/0ghô8-ÞJ¡LŠ
dé€Û%sQN%ðTNLL§

Iµv‰é‘
L€Û%sDQNT%ð§¥T/0]öri½

»/0jô8-|3Mx›^-1Gn/0‡
ý

<=¸t‘÷ŸÓÖDìEDQN&ci
(Total
nitrogen,TN),cj(Totalphosphorus,TP),×\i
(NH+4N),Ö\i(NO-3N)|ð+3Á`(Chemical
oxygendemand,COD)TAõÝ,W06@JK‡ýL
€Û%sDìEDQNT%ð§¥

j#O€Û%
s%ðìEDQNTHIJK1G

n·_€Û%s
ìEDQNT ù¼JÂTïÂ

1 UVWXY
1.1 jkUV
fô8-3Mx›^-1GnBC‡ý

g1)。/0QNf¶Z;¦!¸’@z½,¼î
ß©TED)_
[21],
=¾Ôd_e=‘‘Aâ

Ÿ
 ø=‘‘Aâ

QƒW=‘‘Aâ

_e=‘‘A
â|•äWkâé
[22]
ÃkQN&TN,TP,NH+4
N,NO-3N|CODT»`,=¾n27.07,2.81,7.
23,16.55654.03mg·L-1。}ϬQÏú°
>T

_gQ“”F`ÁM¾¨£Ä

D©œBQN
n•AìEDQN
[23]。
`1 jkUV
Table1 Plantsusedinthisstudy
‡ý
Accession
ç”
Origin
9Ÿ%s
Growingseason
ô8-
犆狅狉狋犪犱犲狉犻犪狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’
SªåŠ
ShanghaiJingwen

Evergreen

8s

犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’
«•¯S
Barenbrug
€Û%s
Coldseason

VdÃ

犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’
«•¯S
Barenbrug
€Û%s
Coldseason



犔狅犾犻狌犿犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’
«•¯S
Barenbrug
€Û%s
Coldseason
1.2 jkXY
1.2.1 ombcþÇë BCLíž&*+
,JK/01-)/0&!TKœÛË

öîÛ

>
¹<Ð

2\‘

é2013$10%18ò,Ѝx›^
--G©QÙbé¸Jz+T¾L&\‘JÉ

@
2Ð1LTô8-z¼_ÞP͸Jz+Tx³&
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ô8-T}
])*9Ÿ_

ÐBC‡ýÞPÍ0`¸T»MP
/NS

L¶çQ&S“Dß¹_\‘ìEDQN
Óù

1.2.2 56ÿ½ BCÓù1,é2013$12%
3ò-23ò\‘,BC#%òÝY‘Ò–A<=n
198~612μmol·m
-2·s-1,ÛA<ð~ë11˜。
BCf,Ân27cm,sn25cmTžúïNx
³nQ“ZŒ

j"Ân25cm»MPnGJ/N,
¿MJKÓù²Â4M•*,jöGJJKTQN
nDÒ
(CK),BC#%<=¼î°ôQOèé°
°

JK°ðÇ!TQ=

=1 ·ZÞ·€¡Q
Fig.1 Variationoftemperatureinthegreenhouse
581
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1.2.3 bcV! QNé:¿5df1“Q:,
éQNT TN,TP,NH+4N,NO-3N | COD×
A
[22]。
JK:1

ÐJr=nQS6Qœñú=

Ë}
]~Xñú=
),
Sk8½6e5¼•_ÐJr:
1ÂéÌà&105℃w30min,À_L75℃œÌ
šÍΕ

Sk8½6e52Tš•

Ý_éJr
Tij»`
[21]。
1.2.4 Lƒÿ½ 
9K`<ð=e59K`-8½9K`
Jri

j

Ö¹`T|}Ý=Jri(j)Ö¹
/`
]^i

j

Aõc`×100%
JKDìEDQN&´µKTAõݲߺâ
n
:犠 (% )= (犆0-犆犻)/犆0×100%
â&
:犠 n!犻d´µKTcAõÝ,犆0 n8
½´µK×A
,犆犻n!犻dT´µKT×A[2425]。
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˜

ÔdSPSS20.0^²=•ÕÖL95%TÂԎ
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6@Óù%غ…†Ïd
Duncanâ\‘ÁM;ÔdExcel2010Fga。
2 pqW>r
2.1 c~+,lhLót<2‡Ó_
œBJK©LÒ`KŠìEDTQHl

ô8
-LWM=Ä&ß"JrO«

Xpו
,3Mx
›^-1GL´QÓù15d_,X´OP¡i?°
w;‰

JKTš¼•<ð~g21˜,¼•<ð
<=L675.4~1108.0g·m-22,Yuÿ“n:ô
8->‘8s’>‘G‰’>‘VdÃ’,š•<ðL
101.7~272.9g·m-2<=2,Yuÿ“n:ô8-
>‘G‰’>‘8s’>‘VdÃ’。ô8-Tš¼•<
ð…†sé3Mx›^-1G(犘<0.05),3M
x›^-1G&

8s





Tš¼•<ð…†


VdÃ
’。
QSú=š•<ðØcš•<ðT
¸ÝYéQœú=1ظÝ

`2 4e+,,1¡Q2‚"
Table2 Comparisonofbiomassofthefourplantmaterials
‡ý
Accession
¼•
Freshweight
/g·m-2
š•
Dryweight/g·m-2
Øcš•¸
Thetotaldryweightratio/%
QSú
Abovewater
QϜ
Belowwater

Total
QSú
Abovewater
QϜ
Belowwater
ô8-
犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’
1108.0±129.4a 161.4±17.5a 111.4±27.0a 272.9±33.7a 59.4±6.0b 40.6±6.0a

8s

犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘Tetragold’
933.0±113.5b 94.0±9.0b 41.4±7.2b 135.3±15.9b 69.6±2.2a 30.4±2.2b

VdÃ

犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘Maximus’
675.4±21.1c 73.8±3.9c 27.9±1.2b 101.7±3.2c 72.5±1.7a 27.5±1.7b



犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’
901.6±46.1b 97.0±1.6b 39.6±2.8b 136.7±3.5b 71.0±1.5a 29.0±1.5b
  ü:@j6@uU;Çg˜Øº…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercaseswithinthesamecolumnindicatesignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.Thesameasbelow
2.2 c~+,no$ót‚"
2.2.1 `aom”,™žÁ"E#$ðº QN
&iuAõÝ~g31˜,Óù5d_,ô8-D
TNTAõÝW90%jS,%𧥅†Hé3M
x›^-1G
(犘<0.05);‘8s’‘G‰’DTN
TAõÝW57%jS,…†Hé‘VdÃ’。Óù20
d_,JKÓùTQN& TN T×AÍ 27.07
mg·L-1Í¡0.43~0.59mg·L-1,þ€éiA
ìEDTÁM»F1.0mg·L-1,nDÒQNEn
•AìEDðQR

JKDQN&TNT%ð:f
…†HéïJKTQN

èg3Lã,Óù5d_,JK%NH+4NTA
õÝغ

©W90%jS,…†séDÒQ
N
(犘<0.05);ô 8 - D NO-3N A õ Ý W
97.3%,…†Hé3Mx›^-1G,nx›
^-1G%Aغ…†

ÿ“n

8s
’>‘G‰’
>‘VdÃ’。Óù20d_,JKÓùTQN&
NH+4N6NO-3NAõÝW98%jS,…†Hé
m¦DÒT

681
!1# § ?:€Û%s6@q-DìEDQN%ð§¥T/0
`3 c~no$ótTable3 ComparisonofNitrogenremovalefficiencywithdifferenttreatment
»F
Index
‡ý
Accession
AõÝRemovalefficiency/%
5d 10d 15d 20d
TN
ô8-犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’ 95.8±3.4a 96.9±0.5a 98.0±0.2a 98.4±0.5a

8s
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’ 68.3±5.6b 93.4±4.6ab 97.2±0.2a 98.2±0.2a

VdÃ
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’ 42.0±4.6d 65.4±2.5c 89.8±2.5b 97.8±0.1a


’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’ 57.5±3.3c 90.6±3.5b 97.5±0.1a 98.1±0.1a
CK 5.7±3.8e 12.3±5.7d 12.6±1.7c 16.1±4.6b
NH+4 -N
ô8-犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’ 97.6±0.1a 98.0±0.2a 98.5±0.2a 98.7±0.5a

8s
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’ 97.7±0.8a 98.2±0.2a 98.2±0.2a 98.8±0.3a

VdÃ
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’ 90.9±1.6b 97.7±1.1a 98.1±0.2a 98.8±0.1a


’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’ 97.5±1.9a 99.1±0.1a 99.3±0.1a 98.9±0.2a
CK 8.4±1.8c 11.9±4.2b 1.6±2.6b 0.8±2.9b
NO-3 -N
ô8-犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’ 97.3±5.0a 99.8±0.1a 99.7±0.1a 99.3±0.1a

8s
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’ 53.4±9.9b 96.0±5.9ab 99.6±0.1a 99.0±0.1a

VdÃ
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’ 16.9±8.8d 57.9±4.0c 88.1±3.0b 98.9±0.1a


’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’ 38.1±6.4c 91.2±4.9b 99.9±0.1a 99.2±0.1a
CK 8.5±3.3d 18.5±1.8c 21.8±5.7c 28.0±5.3b
  ü:6@»F@j6@uU;Çg˜Øº…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercasewithinthesamecolumnofdifferentindexindicatesignificantdifferenceatthe0.05level.Thesameasbelow
2.2.2 `aom”,™žñE#$ðº QN&TP
AõÝ~g41˜,Óù5d_,6@JKDTPTA
õÝÿ“n
:‘
8s
’>‘G‰’>‘VdÃ’>ô8->D
Ò

ô8-TAõÝø€é3Mx›^-,IÓù20
d_‘TPAõÝAW79.4%,JKÓù_QN&TP
AõÝ©…†sém¦DÒT14.2%(犘<0.05)。
`4 c~no$ótTable4 Comparisonofphosphorusremovalefficiencywithdifferenttreatment
‡ý
Accession
TPAõÝ TPremovalefficiency/%
5d 10d 15d 20d
ô8-犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’ 34.4±9.0b 50.8±9.7c 68.7±9.3c 79.4±7.4b

8s
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’ 73.1±9.6a 95.2±0.7a 98.6±1.2a 99.7±0.07a

VdÃ
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’ 37.0±2.5b 64.2±2.3b 83.2±12.7b 99.7±0.04a


’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’ 65.4±8.8a 95.7±4.7a 99.7±0.07a 99.7±0.04a
CK 9.3±0.34c 9.5±1.2d 11.9±1.0d 14.2±0.86c
2.2.3 `aom” COD E#$ðº QN&
CODAõÝ~g51˜。Óù5d_,6@JKD
CODTAõÝÿ“n:ô8->‘8s’>‘G‰’>

VdÃ
’>DÒ,ô8-TAõ݅†sé3M
x›^-1G
(犘<0.05);ÀìBC\‘,CODA
õÝ6ÿíY
,3Mx›^-1GTCODAõÝ
tn#ä

غ

Óù20d_,JKDCOD
AõÝ©…†séDÒT54.5%(犘<0.05)。
`5 c~no$ót<犆犗犇mnÕ2‚"
Table5 ComparisonofCODremovalefficiencywithdifferenttreatment
‡ý
Accession
CODAõÝCODremovalefficiency/%
5d 10d 15d 20d
ô8-犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘Pumila’ 54.8±5.1a 65.0±4.1a 67.7±7.0a 67.6±5.8a

8s
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Tetragold’ 42.0±3.2b 50.5±1.1b 56.1±4.2b 60.0±4.0b

VdÃ
’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Maximus’ 35.6±4.3b 53.8±4.6b 59.1±5.6b 65.0±2.0ab


’犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘Jumbo’ 40.8±4.6b 52.2±0.8b 59.8±4.2b 63.9±1.8ab
CK 25.8±7.6c 41.6±3.0c 48.4±2.8c 54.4±3.2c
2.3 c~+,$K、g2¸·
èg6Lã,JK%iTcÖ¹`غ,
L1679.1~1883.1mg·m-2<=2,ÿ“n:‘G‰’
>‘8s’>ô8->‘VdÃ’。QSú=iÖ¹`
L937.8~1381.8mg·m-2<=2,ÿ“n:‘G‰’
>‘8s’>‘VdÃ’>ô8-,Qœú=iÖ¹`L
451.9~887.3mg·m-2<=2,ÿ“n:ô8->‘8
s
’>‘G‰’>‘VdÃ’。3Mx›^-1GQS
781
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ú=iÖ¹`D]^cAõ`|}ÝW64%jS,
…†séô8-T49.2%(犘<0.05)。JriÖ¹
c`©W]^cAõ`T88%jS,ghJKÖ¹
L]^NAõ&ªdÈP•«Tcd。
`6 4e+,Kg¸·12‚"
Table6 Comparisonofnitrogenandphosphorusaccumulationofthefourmaterials
»F
Index
‡ý
Accession
Ö¹`Accumulation/mg·m-2
QSú
Abovewater
QϜ
Belowwater

Total
QSú
Abovewater
QϜ
Belowwater

Total
i
Nitrogen
ô8-
犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘犘狌犿犻犾犪’
937.8±356.8b 887.3±120.0a 1825.0±337.1a 49.2±18.6b 46.6±6.4a 95.8±27.3a

8s

犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘犜犲狋狉犪犵狅犾犱’
1301.2±112.0a 542.8±55.0b 1844.0±166.6a 68.6±5.9a 28.6±2.9b 97.2±8.7a

VdÃ

L.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘犕犪狓犻犿狌狊’
1227.2±52.0ab 451.9±38.8b 1679.1±62.2a 64.9±2.8ab 23.9±2.0b 88.8±3.3a



犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘犑狌犿犫狅’
1381.8±58.3a 501.3±11.0b 1883.1±48.9a 72.8±3.0a 26.4±0.5b 99.3±2.5a
j
Phosphorus
ô8-
犆.狊犲犾犾狅犪狀犪‘犘狌犿犻犾犪’
13.3±41.7b 125.2±30.7a 138.5±62.2b 8.8±31.8b 81.4±23.5a 90.2±47.6a

8s

犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘犜犲狋狉犪犵狅犾犱’
114.0±8.4a 68.4±14.3b 182.5±20.7ab 57.0±4.1a 34.2±7.1b 91.2±10.2a

VdÃ

犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿‘犕犪狓犻犿狌狊’
112.2±10.7a 56.8±10.0b 169.0±16.5ab 56.1±5.3a 28.4±5.0b 84.4±8.2a



犔.犿狌犾狋犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 ‘犑狌犿犫狅’
128.8±4.9a 70.5±4.7b 199.3±7.0a 64.3±2.5a 35.2±2.3b 99.5±3.5a
  ~g61˜,JK%DjTcÖ¹`+L…†
غ
(犘<0.05),L138.5~199.3mg·m-2<=
2

ÿ“n
:‘

’>‘8s’>‘VdÃ’>ô8-。
QSú=jÖ¹`L13.3~128.8mg·m-2<=
2

ÿ“n
:‘

’>‘8s’>‘VdÃ’>ô8-,
Qœú=jÖ¹`L56.8~125.2mg·m-2<=
2

ÿ“n

ô8->‘G‰’>‘8s’>‘VdÃ’。
‘&ô8-Tjֹ̫¯&LQœú
,3Mx
›^-1GTjֹ̫¯&LQSú

6@JK
DjTcÖ¹`©W]^cAõ`T84%jS,J
KÖ¹L]^jAõ&ªdÈP•«Tcd

3 ˆ‰
3.1 +,lhLót<2‡Ó_
ô8-LWMBC#%9ŸÒ`

rFO«

X
pו

ghô8-L€ÛHlLÒ`9Ÿ

ÞJß
©TŽ¥

.s\?
[26]
/0&°Pô8-ÞJ
Ž¥Tefß#

BCv15dx›^-X´
pøW1ê•

_#OP¡i?T°w

.L§Úý
uTgP
[27]。
S¤
[28]
?/0°PJK9K`T
<ðJKi

jÖ¹fˆ‰

6@JKL9K`
=–S<ðûY

9K`T=–g©¡L%ðQN
=Ä&JKT_ÉÒâ

ëJKQSú=9K`
1Øc9K`T¸•Yé$?é50%,L"#_É
QSú=

nDéQœú==–tTJK

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AghJKQSú=9K`1ظ•XY

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lT6@KŠ§¥
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D´Q&TN,TPTAõ݅†séDÒQN,J
KLh…›sEDKFTAõ:f

»/0&Tô
8-LBCv5dþåõÐQN&TN^_œà,
Aõ݅†sé3Mx›^-1G,gPOs:
T%ð§¥
。‘
8s





ÓùTQN&TN×
ALv5dœgØ,…†×é‘VdÃ’,_#ÀQ
N&TN»`€óéRŒ。.Pÿ¸?[31]/
0T

BCv4dQNTN×AžŸœ,À_À×
A€nœRŒTóIˆ&š
,Montemurro
?
[32]
T/0efAghJKD@GEDKFT^
_Ïd݁‘œŠ×AJ‰
。TPTœóIWN
TNß#,Iô8-ÓùTQN&TPTœØ
881
!1# § ?:€Û%s6@q-DìEDQN%ð§¥T/0
AtnŒ:

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[33]。
BC=Ä&ô8-DCODTAõ
Ýß"…†Hé3Mx›^-1G,.L§‘
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ˆ‰/0ghJK}]T°WÄ
A"#UVì CODTAõ:f[34]。LBCv#
CODœgØ,À_óéRŒ,ghLÀûv#t
`T%ð:fã_

QN&P/¡ßú=tÝAõ
TJÁKF

.Vymazal?[35]/0&›d´µQ
N&»Jƒú=6[”TJÁKˆÙ

IJKÓ
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ˆ‰/0ˆÙ
[36]。
3.3 +,$K、g2¸·Ö_
Vymazal?[35]/0°PÔdõÝGJÒâ2
JK1ªd%ðcdÝY

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J

JKD]^ijAõc`T|}Ý©W80.0%
jS

ghJKDijTÖ¹ªd‰cd


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[38]
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Ldx›^-\‘QNO*2Q(

8s

6


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