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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regulation on Alfalfa Nitrogen Accumulation and the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients of Soil

氮磷调控对紫花苜蓿氮积累与土壤氮磷营养的影响



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.009
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67 ÈY730070;3.67()Y+“”Hl+,,67 ÈY730070)
78

L‹:ˆš‰_Ž\‘6@ijQRDGJ!2$T‘6(3{’_xìí(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狊犪狋犻狏犪 ‘GannongNo.
3)¤`、òó¦»`|iÖ¹TUV6_xìí-_ÙC*”i、J:j»`|‘!\<ð、ÙCÀ½、*jW
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(狓1)、À½É(狓2)、J:j»`(狓3)|*jW½É(狓4)©„…†$ú…†‡ˆ‰‰],ÙC*
”i

J:j»`Tˆ‰Ý`

ٚfÊÑÒÄ狔=-2976.953+53.577狓1+216.824狓2+58.534狓3+12.145
狓4(犚2=0.874)。
9:;

_xìí

iÖ¹

ÙCD=

ÙC½É
<=>?@
:S541.9    ABCDE:A     AFG@:10070435(2016)01006108
犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀犪狀犱犘犺狅狊狆犺狅狉狌狊犚犲犵狌犾犪狋犻狅狀狅狀犃犾犳犪犾犳犪犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀
犃犮犮狌犿狌犾犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱狋犺犲犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀犪狀犱犘犺狅狊狆犺狅狉狌狊犖狌狋狉犻犲狀狋狊狅犳犛狅犻犾
ZHANGJinxia1,2,LIUXiaojing1,2,HAOFeng1,2,FANJunjun1,2,
FENGBozheng1,2,QIPeng3
(1.ColegeofPrataculturalScience,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730070,China;2.KeyLaboratory
ofGrasslandEcosystem,MinistryofEducation/SinoU.S.CentersforGrazinglandEcosystemSustainability,Lanzhou,GansuProvince
730070,China;3.ColegeofResourceandEnvironment,GansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730070,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:The‘GannongNo.3’varietyofalfalfaplantedintheNorthwestsemiaridareaswithdifferent
nitrogenandphosphoruslevelswasselectedasthestudiedmaterialinthesecondyear.Theyield,crude
proteincontentandnitrogenaccumulationofalfalfaandalkalihydrolyzablenitrogen,phosphoruscontent
anddynamicchangesofsoil,aswelasthecorrelationofsoilurease,soilavailablenutrient,thedynamic
changeofalkalinephosphataseactivity,enzymeactivitywiththetotalproteinproductionandyieldofalfal
fawereinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatnitrogenfertilizercouldsignificantlyimprovetheyieldand
crudeproteincontentofalfalfa‘GannongNo.3’variety.Andthenitrogenandphosphoruscontentsof
soil,soilureaseandalkalinephosphataseactivitiesincreasedafterfertilization.Theeffectsofnitrogenand
phosphorusfertilizer(NP)onthenitrogenandphosphoruscontentsofsoilweregreaterthansingleappli
cation.Correlationanalysesshowedthat‘GannongNo.3’alfalfayield(狔)hadsignificantpositivecorrela
tionwithsoilnitrogencontent(狓1),ureaseactivity(狓2),phosphoruscontent(狓3)andalkalinephospha
taseactivity(狓4).Thelinearregressionequationwas狔=2976.953+53.577狓1+216.824狓2+58.534狓3
+12.145狓4(犚2=0.874).
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Alfalfa;Nitrogenaccumulation;Soilnutrient;Soilenzymeactivity
HIJK
:20141121;LMJK:20150608
NOPQ

¬¶·*+®¸´µ
(31460622);º˜‘)(())*/©´(2014030488)“Å
5RST

ª\Û
(1987),È,67¦“É,šË/09,Ì«ÍÎ?--„ED9ù/0,Email:zhangjx5335@sina.com ,<Ôc™
Authorforcorrespondence,Email:liuxj@gsau.edu.cn
  _xìí(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狊犪狋犻狏犪L.)ÚÕÉÃ-
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š‰_Ž_xìíšùJ:Tä”Òâ

1 UVWXY
1.1 jk/^_
BC_²L67žÈY¦·Ž67()Y+
˜¸2

ª«1525m,¬Û܈š‰Y܏Š‹,$
©Q`330mm,$R©òÒ2ën2474.4h,$
©°°`1650mm,ï#196d,$©Û8.9℃,Ý
p%R©ÝsŠÛ29.1℃,Ý&%R©Ý€ŠÛn
-14.9℃。Ž2ÙCF_n™C,0~60cmْù
ðF~g11˜。
`1 jk/š›NioQÏÌ
Table1 Chemicalpropertiesinthe0~60cmsoillayeratthebeginningofexperiments
ْ‚A
Soildepth/cm
JÁF
Organicmatter
/g·kg-1
ài
Totalnitrogen
/g·kg-1
àj
Totalphosphorus
/g·kg-1
*”i
Availablenitrogen
/mg·kg-1
J:j
Availablephosphorus
/mg·kg-1
pH
0~20 5.11 0.54 0.75 26.08 13.75 8.33
20~40 3.89 0.31 0.75 18.74 13.37 8.40
40~60 2.93 0.26 0.72 12.96 3.25 8.39
1.2 jkUV
œB_xìí1Gn

6(3{’;i”dÈ
Yð+Ã)ºp9¤T"u CO(NH2)2(N≥
46%);j”d¸Öš*š”JA›Gºp9¤
T=jWµCa(H2PO4)2(P2O5≥14%)。
1.3 jkÛµ
BCÔdœàÀÁŽä²²

t9MÓù,3“•
*

ÜuŽ%d`ìfzÜÃÐÓù

uŽÓÖn4
m2,b`n30kg·hm-2,bG‚An2~4cm,Íb,
‘ù20cm,2012$4%18ò\‘ÉÃGmbG,ö#
}•Þ

bGvj”cnž”ß“äd

äd`=
¾n0,90061800kg·hm-2,MnP0,P1,P2。i”=
“äd

äd`v#YãBCß#

=¾n0,112.5
6225kg·hm-2,MnN0,N1,N2;=¾é9#、!1
“6!2“ÈÉ_=3V?`äƒ。_xìí9Ÿ!
2$=¾é6%3ò、7%10ò、8%12ò\‘ÈÉ。
_xìí9Ÿ#2øù@Yã

26
!1# ª\Û?:ijabD_xìíiÖ¹ÙCijEDTUV
`2 jkÛµ
Table2 Fertilizerapplicationdesign/kg·hm-2
ÓùTreatments
5uQRNutrientlevel ä”`Fertilizeramount
N P2O5 "uCO(NH2)2 =jWµCa(H2PO4)2
1 N0P0 0 0 0 0
2 N1P0 51.7 0 112.5 0
3 N2P0 103.5 0 225 0
4 N0P1 0 126 0 900
5 N1P1 51.7 126 112.5 900
6 N2P1 103.5 126 225 900
7 N0P2 0 252 0 1800
8 N1P2 51.7 252 112.5 1800
9 N2P2 103.5 252 225 1800
1.4 ²³¹CfXY
1.4.1 ¬M L_xìí8x#\‘ÈÉä,
ÓÖ4m2,@43~5cm,ÈÉ_­ËS¼•,f:
500gL105℃Ìà&w15min,65℃̚ÍÎ
•

²ßš-¤`

1.4.2 æçè òó¦F»`Ôdˆ?`\{©


1.4.3 ÁGF(éçè­Mê) iÖ¹=@ÈÉ
#÷ŸÓÖ_xìíš-¤`×Jròó¦»`
1.4.4 @AëŒLMbc é_xìí¿“ÈÉ
2

2Sñ­Ô¯0~20,20~40640~60cm
ÙC?š:

ÙC*”i»`d*”ifâ

ÙC
J:j»`d0.5M NaHCO3 º›,Ÿ ø…p
â

1.4.5 @AÂÃabc ÙCf:Òâž^
ÙCD=»`éf:

À½ÉÔdúû
â

“XWâ¸pâ

jW½ÉÔdjWú
åâ¸pâ

2 pqW>r
2.1 c~Kgno$0ðñòŒ/š›jkKž
1flHIÏ2|u
2.1.1 @AìíÁLM¾ èë1Lã,Àì
ْ‚ATíî

_xìí-_ÙC*”i»`6
q€

Í6@ÈÉ4“çT

ÙC*”i»`g
Pn!14>!24>!34;@ßÈÉ4“,ä
”ÓùœÙC*”i»`©Yé6ä”Óù
(N0P0),ij–ä*”i»`Ýs,PÓùT*”
i»`©¸ NÓù€,gPn NP>N>P>6ä
”Óù

÷äi”Óù%غ…†

÷äj”Óù
%غ

=1 0ðñòŒ/c~mnš_jkKž1¡Q
Fig.1 Availablenitrogencontentsofdifferentstubbletimesindifferentsoildepths
ü

ë&6@uU;Çg˜@ßf:2#2غ…†
(犘<0.05);N0,N16N2=¾ogiQR,P0,P16P2=¾ogjQR,œ@
Note:Differentlowercaselettersshowsignificantdifferencesamongdifferenttreatmentsinthesamesampling
periodatthe0.05level,N0,N1,N2;P0,P1,P2indicatedifferentNandPlevels,thesameasbelow
2.1.2 @AîÂÃa¾ èë2Lã,Àìْ ‚ATíî_xìí-_ÙCÀ½É6q€;
36
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Í6@ÈÉ4“çT

Üä”Óù%TÙCÀ½É
<ðï^ߣ)

@ß4“

䔛s¡ÙCÀ½
ɏ

gPnNP>N>P>6ä”Óù,ÜÓù%Ø
º…†
(犘<0.05),òÀäi`Tíîníî。
=2 0ðñòŒ/c~mnš_lHIÏ¡Q
Fig.2 Soilureaseactivitiesofdifferentstubbletimesindifferentsoildepths
2.2 c~Kgno$0ðñòŒ/š›opgž
1fjÏgqHIÏ2|u
2.2.1 @AïðñLM¾ èg3Lã,!14
ÈÉ_

ä”ÓùœÙCJ:j»`©…†sé6
ä”Óù

gPnP>NP>N,¡jQR(P2)ÙC
J:j»`ts

÷äi”Óù%غ

!2
46!34ÈÉ_,ÙCJ:j»`WNgPn
NP>P>N,sjQR(P2)œÙCJ:j»`ts;
Í6@ْçT

YNgPn0~20cmÙCJ:j
»`Ýs
,20~40cm“ã,40~60cmْJ:j
»`݀

ӚçT
,NPÓùTØ:j»`…†
sé‘XÓù
,N ÓùT»`Ýu,Uh÷äi6
§[\cKDjT^_

Í6@ÈÉ4“çT

!
14J:j»`sé‘/ñ4,Uh¡»BCj”
é!ߓÈÉväƒ

›s¡ÙCJ:j»`

IL
_#:f6h…

`3 0ðñòŒ/š›opgž1
Table3 Availablephosphoruscontentsofdifferentsoildepths/mg·kg-1
Óù
Treatments
0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm
6%3ò 7%10ò 8%12ò 6%3ò 7%10ò 8%12ò 6%3ò 7%10ò 8%12ò
N0P0 46.22±0.12f 11.37±0.07g 11.37±0.22f 46.05±1.47d11.30±0.15cd11.23±0.24f 45.92±1.31e11.28±0.23bcd 11.20±0.14d
N1P0 46.29±0.91e 11.45±0.6f 11.41±0.77e 46.23±0.29d11.33±0.37bcd11.33±0.37bc46.18±0.49d11.30±0.05bc 11.23±0.43d
N2P0 46.46±0.11e 11.40±0.13f 11.37±0.59e 46.40±1.77cd11.37±0.97bcd11.24±0.80e 46.35±1.2cd11.37±0.43b 11.23±0.00b
N0P1 46.89±3.09d12.58±0.22b 12.66±0.30a 46.38±0.71cd11.46±0.21bcd11.57±0.52b 46.17±1.04d11.19±0.32d 11.50±0.20c
N1P1 46.85±0.99d11.72±0.65e 11.75±0.05d46.41±0.62cd11.28±0.37d 11.36±0.08de46.37±0.39cd11.25±0.22cd 11.32±0.09c
N2P1 47.43±0.81c 12.04±0.85d 11.65±0.29d46.77±2.13b11.42±0.39bcd11.38±0.74cd46.61±0.17ab11.60±1.31a 11.34±0.21bc
N0P2 48.12±0.54b13.37±0.90a 12.23±0.55c 46.78±1.56b11.76±0.43a 11.42±0.19c 46.72±1.61a11.68±0.83a 11.34±0.11c
N1P2 48.57±1.83a 12.03±0.57d 12.56±1.7ab 46.50±1.18cd11.35±0.35bcd11.55±0.82b 46.47±0.56bc11.20±0.07cd 11.50±0.06b
N2P2 47.87±2.54b12.15±0.4c 12.52±0.18b47.14±0.99a11.45±1.62b 11.85±1.74a 46.62±2.03ab11.21±0.01cd 11.82±0.58a
  ü:@j6@uU;Çg˜Øº…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercaselettersinthesamerowmeansignificantdifferentatthe0.05level,thesameasbelow
2.2.2 @AìañòÂÃa¾ èë3L
ã

Àìْ‚ATíî_xìí-_ÙC*
jW½É6q€

ä”Lj›s0~20cm
ْ&ÙC*jW½É

D20~40cm640
~60cmْ&ÙC*jW½ÉTUVt
u

!14,N2P1ÓùœÉÝs;!24,
N0P1ÓùœÉÝs,ÜÓù%غ…†(犘<
0.05);!34,N0P2ÓùœÉÝs, N2P2
Óùغ6…†

‘XÜÓù%غ…†
(犘<
0.05),UhÀìÈɓëTíî,_xìí9Ÿ
DÙC&jT34íî

\n[\*jW½É
T›s

46
!1# ª\Û?:ijabD_xìíiÖ¹ÙCijEDTUV
=3 0ðñòŒ/c~mnš_jÏgqHIÏ¡Q
Fig.3 Alkalinephosphataseactivitiesofdifferentstubbletimesindifferentsoildepths
2.3 c~Kgno$0ðñòK¸·2|u
èg4Lã,ä”L…†›s_xìíÜ4
¤`

òó¦»`6ó¦c`

ÜÓù%

ij”
–ä:ft`

ò N2P1(N103.5kg·hm-2+
P2O5126kg·hm-2)Óùœ_xìí¤`、òó
¦»`6ó¦c`Ýs

LP16P2Óùœ,À
äiQRTíî_xìí¤`

òó¦»`6ó
¦c`6qíY

ÜÓùœ

ÀäjQRTíî
„jíY_‚uT<ðóI

Däi`
(狓)_
xìíó¦c`
(狔)\‘ÊÑ=•,å™Ùšß
üå“ÒÄ狔=-0.113狓2+53.632狓+1681.
911(犚2=0.999)。
`4 0ðñò41、rstž1fstà1
Table4Yield,crudeproteincontentandtotalproteinofalfalfa
Óù
Treatments
¤`Yield/kg·hm-2 òó¦»`Crudeproteincontent/% ó¦c`Totalprotein/kg·hm-2
!14
First
cutting
!24
Second
cutting
!34
Third
cutting
!14
First
cutting
!24
Second
cutting
!34
Third
cutting
!14
First
cutting
!24
Second
cutting
!34
Third
cutting
N0P0 5682±27f 3264±68e 2503±117e 11.83±0.57h 14.94±0.29f 11.82±0.11h 672.32±33.19g 487.72±16.94e 295.88±13.24e
N1P0 9015±86e 6230±75d 4805±169b 18.99±0.21d 17.07±0.06de 18.37±0.25c 1711.73±28.04e1063.8±14.66d 882.95±38.99b
N2P0 11846±65bc 7126±100b 5560±204a 22.16±0.27c 19.33±0.25b 23.03±0.03b 2624.82±29.63c1377.08±21.69b 1280.71±46a
N0P1 11342±278c 6029±81d 4432±234bc 17.25±0.31c 17.05±0.06de 12.91±0.00f 1956.49±23.85d1028.09±11.22d 572.21±30.26d
N1P1 12011±73b 6958±412b 4065±132cd 25.34±0.20b 17.37±0.20cd 17.54±0.15d 3043.57±22.72b1208.48±72.2c 713.20±27.34c
N2P1 12953±230a 7885±46a 5646±201a 25.94±0.60a 20.47±0.27a 23.55±0.36a 3359.58±94.28a1613.85±21.56a 1329.20±41a
N0P2 9991±199d 6067±96d 3715±137d 14.26±0.29g 16.79±0.06e 18.23±0.27c 1424.87±47.45f1018.75±14.73d 677.28±30.51c
N1P2 10184±903d 6588±128c 4525±441b 18.72±0.04d 17.65±0.04c 16.31±028e 1905.00±166.4d1162.53±22.21c 738.45±79.86c
N2P2 9902±281d 6130±202d 4573±131b 16.52±0.15f 17.14±0.02de 16.13±0.10e 1636.06±61.14e1050.62±34.45d 737.75±18.62c
2.4 0ðñò41Wš›upL>ž1fHIÏ
29Ï
èg5Lã,‘6(3{’_xìí¤`Ü’
ÙC*”i»`

À½É

J:j»`|*jW
½É©„…†$ú…†‡ˆ‰‰]

_xìí¤
`ÙC*”i

J:j»`Tˆ‰Ý`

ÙC
À½*”i»`

ÙCJ:j*jW½É
ã%A+L…†$ú…†‡ˆ‰‰]

D*”i»
`
(狓1)、À½É(狓2)、*jW½É(狓3)、J:
j
(狓4)_xìí¤`(狔)\‘ÊÑ=•,ٚß
üߓÒÄ狔=-2976.953+53.577狓1+216.824
狓2+58.534狓3+12.145狓4(犚2=0.874)。
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Table5 Therelationshipbetweenyieldandsoilnutrients,enzymeactivity
ْ
Soildepth
¤`
Dryyield
*”i»`
AvailableN
content
À½É
Soilurease
activity
*jW½É
Alkalinephosphatase
activity
J:j»`
Available
phosphoruscontent
0~20cm
¤`Dryyield 1.000
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.570 1.000
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.335 0.536 1.000
*jW½É
Alkalinephosphataseactivity
0.552 0.473 0.254 1.000
J:j»`
Availablephosphoruscontent
0.822 0.251 0.046 0.431 1.000
20~40cm
¤`Dryyield 1.000
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.363 1.000
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.370 0.330 1.000
*jW½É
Alkalinephosphataseactivity
0.216 0.472 0.413 1.000
J:j»`
Availablephosphoruscontent
0.821 0.090 0.234 0.238 1.000
40~60cm
¤`Dryyield 1.000
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.706 1.000
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.214 0.003 1.000
*jW½É
Alkalinephosphataseactivity
0.375 0.263 0.602 1.000
J:j»`
Availablephosphoruscontent
0.821 0.442 0.228 0.347 1.000
  ü:6=¾g˜L0.0560.01QRSغ…†,œ@
Note:andmeansignificantdifferenceatthe0.05and0.01level,respectively.Thesameasbelow
  ‘6(3{’_xìíó¦c`ÜMْ
ÙC*”i»`

À½É

J:j»`6*
jW½É©„…†$ú…†‡ˆ‰‰]

D
ÙC*”i»`
(狓)ó¦c`(狔)\‘ÊÑ=
•

å ™ Ù š ß ü ß “ Ò Ä 狔=40.362狓-
567.609(犚2=0.433)。
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Table6 TherelationshipbetweenCP,totalproteinandsoilnutrients,enzymeactivity
ْSoildepth/cm òó¦Crudeproteincontent ó¦c`Totalprotein
0~20
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.687 0.658
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.436 0.392
*jW½ÉAlkalinephosphataseactivity 0.329 0.538
J:j»`Availablephosphoruscontent 0.188 0.689
20~40
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.362 0.367
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.171 0.349
*jW½ÉAlkalinephosphataseactivity 0.134 0.214
J:j»`Availablephosphoruscontent 0.194 0.690
40~60
*”i»`AvailableNcontent 0.479 0.659
À½ÉSoilureaseactivity 0.032 0.159
*jW½ÉAlkalinephosphataseactivity 0.153 0.345
J:j»`Availablephosphoruscontent 0.196 0.691
3 ˆ‰Wp‰
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