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Effects of Grassland Cultivation Measures on Plant Diversity and Productivity in the Alpine Meadow-Steppe

培育措施对高寒草甸草原植物多样性和生产力的影响



全 文 :!23" !3#
 Vol.23  No.3
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  5%
  May.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.03.004
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犌狉犪狊狊犾犪狀犱犆狌犾狋犻狏犪狋犻狅狀犕犲犪狊狌狉犲狊狅狀犘犾犪狀狋犇犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔
犪狀犱犘狉狅犱狌犮狋犻狏犻狋狔犻狀狋犺犲犃犾狆犻狀犲犕犲犪犱狅狑犛狋犲狆狆犲
LIWen1,CAOWenxia1,WEIWei2,SHIShangli1,YUYingwen3
(1.GrasslandScienceColegeofGansuAgriculturalUniversity,GrasslandEcosystemKeyLaboratoryofMinistry
ofEducation,SinoU.S.ResearchCentersforSustainableGrasslandandLivestockManagement,Lanzhou,GansuProvince
730030,China;2.InstituteofgrasslandScience,TibetAcademyofAgricultureandAnimalHusandrySciences,Lhasa,Tibet850009,
China;3.ColegeofPastoralAgricultureScienceandTechnology,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou,GansuProvince730000,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Effectsofdifferentgrasslandcultivationmeasuresonthespeciesdiversity,communityheight,
communitydensity,abovegroundbiomassandbelowgroundbiomassofthealpinemeadowsteppewerein
vestigatedbyquadrantmethod.Therewerefivetreatmentsinthestudyarea,includingEnclosure(E),
Enclosure+Irrigation(EI),Enclosure+Irrigation+Fertilization(EIF),Enclosure+Irrigation+Fer
tilization+ Reseeding(EIFR)andContinuousgrazing(CG)plots.Theresultsindicatedthattheheight
ofgramineous,leguminous,sedgeandforbsplantfunctionalgroupsincreased,theabovegroundandbe
lowgroundbiomassofgramineousplants,andthedominantgramineousplantimportantvaluesof犈犾狔犿狌狊
狀狌狋犪狀狊alincreasedwiththecomprehensiveimprovementofcultivationmeasures,especialywithEIFR.
Theplantspeciesdiversityindexofcommunitysignificantlyincreasedinaltreatments,especialyinEIF.
Andtheimportantvalues,coverage,thebiomasspercentageofforbsandtherootshootratiowerealde
creased.Therefore,thegrasslandcultivationmeasuresareimportantmeasurestoimprovetherecoveryand
productivityofalpinemeadowecosystem.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:AlpineMeadowsteppe;Grasslandcultivationmeasures;Speciesdiversity;Productivity
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Table1 Speciescompositionandimportantvaluesofthecommunityinalpinemeadowsteppe
underdifferentgrasslandcultivationmeasures
ž&`Plantspecies
~VðImportancevalue
CG E EI EIF EIFR
ABCD]犈犾狔犿狌狊狀狌狋犪狀狊 0.450b 0.798a 0.887a 0.893a 1.000a
Z4HIŸ犘狅犪犮狉狔犿狅狆犺犻犾犪 0.109b 0.376a 0.482a 0.355a 0.301a
T]犓狅犲犾犲狉犻犪犮狉犻狊狋犪狋犪 0.120c 0.440a 0.538a 0.344a 0.274b
RM犛狋犻狆犪犪犾犻犲狀犪 0.600a 0.109b 0.000c 0.000c 0.000c
N]犔犲狔犿狌狊狊犲犮犪犾犻狀狌狊 0.000c 0.317a 0.403a 0.176b 0.395a
8XYM犉犲狊狋狌犮犪狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 0.000c 0.000c 0.485a 0.000c 0.247b
Zñ[]犓狅犫狉犲狊犻犪犺狌犿犻犾犻狊 0.047b 0.156a 0.000c 0.221a 0.106a
L\]犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狉狌狋犺犲狀犻犮犪 0.192a 0.142a 0.082a 0.130a 0.118a
hµ¨犌狌犲犾犱犲狀狊狋犪犲犱狋犻犪狏犲狉狀犪 0.183a 0.175a 0.150a 0.122a 0.000b
c^犃狊狋狉犪犵犪犾狌狊犿犲犿犫狉犪狀犪犮犲狌狊 0.267a 0.223a 0.170a 0.098b 0.000c
4_U犅狌狆犾犲狌狉狌犿狋犲狀狌犲 0.282b 0.433a 0.223b 0.242b 0.244b
àLL9犎犪犾犲狀犻犪犲犾犾犻狆狋犻犮犪 0.614a 0.348b 0.245b 0.148b 0.000c
`abÖL犃狀犲犿狅狀犲犻犿犫狉犻犮犪狋犪 0.122b 0.290a 0.183a 0.196a 0.224a
BUV0犇犪狌犮狌狊犮犪狉狅狋犪 0.337a 0.114b 0.000c 0.182b 0.000c
cde犘狅狋犲狀狋犻犾犾犪狊狆狆 0.097b 0.208a 0.173a 0.102b 0.099b
àWá犘犾犪狀狋犪犵狅犿犪犼狅狉 0.219a 0.000b 0.049b 0.000b 0.000b
Æfr犛狋犪犮犺狔狊狊犻犲犫狅犾犱犻犻 0.061b 0.000b 0.163a 0.159a 0.000b
6278犔犻犵狌犾犪狉犻犪狊犪犵犻狋狋犪 0.731a 0.000b 0.000b 0.000b 0.000b
@A犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪犪狉犵狔犻 0.321a 0.312a 0.342a 0.475a 0.250a
?L犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊犪犾狋犪犻犮狌狊 0.192b 0.461a 0.249b 0.207b 0.165b
cL:;犗狓狔狋狉狅狆犻狊狅犮犺狉狅犮犲狆犺犪犾犪 0.376a 0.133b 0.159b 0.124b 0.129b
]4Vg]犌犲狉犪狀犻狌犿狆狉犪狋犲狀狊犲 0.126a 0.000c 0.060b 0.104a 0.067b
ha]犔犪狀犮犲犪狋犻犫犲狋犻犮犪 0.166a 0.000b 0.043b 0.108a 0.147a
Zij]犔犲狅狀狋狅狆狅犱犻狌犿狀犪狀狌犿 0.110a 0.00b 0.181a 0.000b 0.000b
kkÕ犞犲狉狅狀犻犮犪犱犻犱狔犿犪 0.093a 0.134a 0.000b 0.163a 0.000b
l›m犜犪狉犪狓犪犮狌犿犿狅狀犵狅犾犻犮狌犿 0.082a 0.000b 0.090a 0.091a 0.042b
Ñrpn]犜犺犪犾犻犮狋狉狌犿犪犾狆犻狀狌犿 0.068ab 0.044b 0.050ab 0.120a 0.088a
o‰A犃狉狋犲犿犻狊犻犪犮犪狆犻犾犾犪狉犻狊 0.000c 0.279a 0.000c 0.116ab 0.177a
+2&p犃犼犪狀犻犪狋犲狀狌犻犳狅犾犻犪 0.000c 0.378a 0.207a 0.271a 0.205a
Ñrq犃犾犾犻狌犿狊犻犽犽犻犿犲狀狊犲 0.000c 0.199a 0.101b 0.164a 0.094b
rse犛狑犲狉狋犻犪犫犻犿犪犮狌犾犪狋犪 0.000b 0.215a 0.100a 0.169a 0.132a
ÆǛ>A犘犲犱犻犮狌犾犪狉犻狊犽犪狀狊狌犲狀狊犻狊 0.000b 0.251a 0.300a 0.201a 0.000b
tu犇犲犾狆犺犻狀犻狌犿犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿 0.000b 0.244a 0.000b 0.177a 0.000b
qqv犌犪犾犻狌犿犪狆犪狉犻狀犲 0.000c 0.140a 0.000c 0.064b 0.222a
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Fig.1 Communityfeaturesinalpinemeadowsteppeunderdifferentgrasslandcultivationmeasures
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Table2 Effectsofdifferentgrasslandcultivationmeasuresonspeciescommunitydiversityinalpinemeadowsteppe
z{Index CG E EI EIF EIFR
ShannonWienerøFñzG
ShannonWienerdiversityindex
2.080±0.540c 2.370±0.090b 2.230±0.03bc 2.620±0.030a 2.320±0.110b
PielouvyezG
Pielouevennessindex
0.859±0.012c 0.897±0.005b 0.914±0.058b 0.952±0.064a 0.887±0.013b
78ezG
Richnessindex
10.670±0.330c 12.670±0.670b 12.500±0.500bc 16.040±0.580a 13.330±0.880b
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Table3 Effectofdifferentgrasslandcultivationmeasuresonthebiomassofthecommunityinalpinemeadowsteppe
ñ&"Biomass CG E EI EIF EIFR
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Aboveground
biomass
/g·m-2
Ÿ?-Gramineae 9.79±0.77d 58.75±8.51c 128.64±12.08b207.96±17.68a229.48±27.18a
ž]-Cyperaceae 1.50±0.71b 3.95±0.49a 4.50±0.69a 4.60±0.60a 4.75±0.35a
;-Leguminosae 2.33±0.41b 13.08±4.35a 11.07±2.53a 10.35±2.51a 10.04±1.57a
 a]Forbs 54.48±4.74b 64.40±3.58b 77.60±13.71b144.48±18.71a141.04±18.23a
4†ñ&"Abovegroundbiomass 68.10±8.50d 140.18±7.12c 221.81±14.10b367.39±14.23a385.08±37.81a
Ÿ?-tuThebiomass
percentageofgramineae/%
14.38±1.67b 41.91±2.48a 57.99±2.62a 56.60±2.09a 59.59±1.87a
ž]-tu
Thebiomasspercentageofcyperaceae/%
2.20±0.42a 2.82±0.28a 2.03±0.19a 1.25±0.39a 1.23±0.25a
;-tuThebiomass
percentageofleguminosae/%
3.42±0.67a 9.33±0.58a 4.99±0.64a 2.82±0.66a 2.61±0.69a
 a]tu
Thebiomasspercentageofforbs/%
80.00±2.54a 45.94±1.96b 34.98±2.07b 39.33±1.58b 36.63±1.27b
4ñ&"
Underground
biomass
/g·m-2
0~10cm 565.49±37.08b 1152.29±45.65a1023.28±54.94a928.38±34.22a 1203.22±66.83a
10~20cm 231.19±22.98a 271.31±26.54a 159.36±21.37b164.35±19.79b 197.40±25.88b
20~30cm  65.69±14.37a 89.44±17.99a 114.86±22.37a101.56±21.72a 119.02±25.05a
0~30cm 862.37±56.93b 1512.89±40.56a1297.51±45.76a1294.28±70.26a 1419.65±74.68a
+¦ñ&"tu
Thesurfacebiomassofthetotal/%
65.57±1.84a 76.16±2.11a 78.86±1.94a 71.73±3.27a 84.75±3.27a
ˆ}tRootshootratio 12.66±1.87a  10.79±1.15a  5.85±0.64b  3.52±0.38b  3.69±0.59b
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