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Effects of Irrigation Methods on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Alfalfa in Arid Northwest China

西北旱区灌溉方式对苜蓿生长及水分利用效率的影响



全 文 :!24" !1#
 Vol.24  No.1
! " # $
ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2016$  1%
  Jan.  2016
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2016.01.016
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犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犐狉狉犻犵犪狋犻狅狀犕犲狋犺狅犱狊狅狀犌狉狅狑狋犺犪狀犱犠犪狋犲狉犝狊犲犈犳犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔狅犳犃犾犳犪犾犳犪
犻狀犃狉犻犱犖狅狉狋犺狑犲狊狋犆犺犻狀犪
TAOXue1,SUDerong1,KOUDan2,QIAOYang1
(1.CenterforGrasslandResourcesandEcologyResearch,BeijingForestryUniversity,Beijing100083,China,
2.InstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100093,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Inordertoexploretheeffectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonalfalfa(犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狊犪狋犻狏犪)
growth,wateruseefficiencyandyield,afieldexperimentwascarriedouttostudythechangeofalfalfa
growthunderfourdifferentirrigationtreatments,includingsubsurfacedripirrigation(SDI),borderirri
gation(BI),sprinklerirrigation(SI)andcontroltreatment(CK,noirrigation).Resultsshowedthatdif
ferentirrigationmethodshaddifferenteffectsonsoilwatercontent,andSDItreatmenthadthehighestsoil
watercontentduringtheexperimentalstage.Plantheight,primaryshootnumber,leafareaofeachplant
andweightofeachplantofSDItreatmentincreasedsignificantlycomparedwiththoseofBI,SIandCK
treatments(犘<0.05).Inaddition,thisstudypresentedthatdifferentirrigationtreatmentshaddifferent
effectsonalfalfayieldandwateruseefficiency.Yieldofthesecondcuttingandthethirdcuttingalfalfaof
SDItreatmentware4815.87and4300.41kg·hm-2,respectively.ComparedwithBI,SIandCKtreat
ments,yieldofthesecondcuttingalfalfaofSDIincreasedby10.56%,14.92%and95.26%,andthethird
cuttingby13.64%,23.60%and120.85%,respectively(犘<0.05).Wateruseefficiencyofthesecond
cuttingandthethirdcuttingalfalfaofSDItreatmentware2.66and2.50kg·m-3,respectively.Com
paredwithBIandSItreatments,wateruseefficiencyofthesecondcuttingofSDIincreasedby17.70%
and21.46%,andthethirdcuttingby20.77%and34.41%,respectively(犘<0.05).Therefore,consid
eringgrowth,yieldandwateruseefficiencyofalfalfa,thesubsurfacedripirrigationwasthemostsuitable
irrigationmethodinaridnorthwestChina.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Alfalfa;Subsurfacedripirrigation;Sprinklerirrigation;Borderirrigation;Yield;Wateruse
efficiency
HIJK
:20141119;LMJK:20150312
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Fig.1 Dynamicvariationofsoilvolumetricwater
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Table1 EffectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonplantheightofAlfalfa

Cuttings
Óù
Treatments
=8#
Branchingperiod/cm
P%#
Squaringperiod/cm
8x#
Floweringperiod/cm
_œùïSDI 53.13±3.33a 79.58±2.20a 104.15±5.27a
!24 ÛïBI 51.27±3.96a 73.68±2.23b 97.04±1.19b
The2ndcutting ÝïSI 50.77±2.52a 69.24±2.94b 95.85±3.67b
DÒÓùCK 32.60±2.51b 55.29±4.28c 68.22±5.88c
_œùïSDI 50.60±1.35A 77.33±3.83A 97.67±5.08A
!34 ÛïBI 47.37±3.20A 67.76±3.03B 85.52±3.70B
The3rdcutting ÝïSI 46.07±3.69A 65.35±5.44B 83.89±6.01B
DÒÓùCK 37.43±3.7B 51.33±2.96C 62.96±3.05C
  ü:@j6@uU;Çg˜!2ô6@Óù%غ…†;@j6@YU;Çg˜!3ô6@Óù%غ…†(犘<0.05),œ@
Note:Differentlowercasesandcapitallettersinthesamelineindicatesignificantdifferenceamongtreatmentgroupsatthe0.05levelat
the2ndcuttingandthe3rdcuttingrespectively,thesameasbelow
`2 c~fÆX9$ñòÈr2|u
Table2 EffectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonstemdiameterofAlfalfa

Cuttings
Óù
Treatments
=8#
Branchingperiod/mm
P%#
Squaringperiod/mm
8x#
Floweringperiod/mm
_œùïSDI 3.06±0.05a 3.28±0.04a 3.34±0.04a
!24 ÛïBI 2.69±0.03ab 3.19±c0.01bc 3.28±0.04a
The2ndcutting ÝïSI 2.77±0.10b 3.21±0.02b 3.23±0.06a
DÒÓùCK 2.56±0.09c 3.02±0.04c 2.67±0.13b
_œùïSDI 2.45±0.14A 2.70±0.13A 3.38±0.22A
!34 ÛïBI 2.16±0.13B 2.40±0.07B 2.92±0.17B
The3rdcutting ÝïSI 2.12±0.12B 2.30±0.06B 2.67±0.14B
DÒÓùCK 1.73±0.07C 1.94±0.07C 2.33±0.08C
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Table3 EffectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonAlfalfaleafareaofeachplant

Cuttings
Óù
Treatments
=8#
Branchingperiod/cm2
P%#
Squaringperiod/cm2
8x#
Floweringperiod/cm2
_œùïSDI 71.21±2.57a 131.52±3.53a 121.87±3.69a
!24 ÛïBI 64.30±5.74a 113.96±2.93b 105.94±8.47b
The2ndcutting ÝïSI 63.11±4.95a 110.70±2.30b 103.05±6.22b
DÒÓùCK 30.40±6.14b 62.47±2.85c 73.09±2.97c
_œùïSDI 69.95±7.68A 108.97±13.30A 92.00±5.29A
!34 ÛïBI 59.14±11.77A 95.66±4.72B 83.15±6.42B
The3rdcutting ÝïSI 58.43±8.60A 86.73±7.98B 79.77±2.21B
DÒÓùCK 31.57±2.17B 47.23±6.58C 56.9±8.93C
711
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Table4 EffectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonprimaryshootnumberofAlfalfa

Cuttings
Óù
Treatments
=8#
Branchingperiod
P%#
Squaringperiod
8x#
Floweringperiod
_œùïSDI 5.47±0.30a 10.47±0.21a 14.20±0.36a
!24 ÛïBI 5.47±0.30a 9.83±0.06b 13.57±0.38b
The2ndcutting ÝïSI 5.17±0.25a 9.80±0.31b 13.03±0.21b
DÒÓùCK 4.47±0.20b 8.73±0.32c 11.80±0.26c
_œùïSDI 7.13±0.76A 11.10±0.35A 15.60±0.53A
!34 ÛïBI 6.73±0.12A 10.10±0.17B 13.80±0.92B
The3rdcutting ÝïSI 6.27±0.42A 9.40±0.17C 13.53±0.58B
DÒÓùCK 4.93±0.12B 7.40±0.12D 11.33±0.31C
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TLQ`=¾‚ƒ¡6.08%65.52%,!34‚ƒ
¡6.19%68.18%。ñ4ìí÷rš•6¤`ÿ
“‚ƒTklÚSDI>BI>SI>CK,‘&SDIÓù
!246!34T÷r•=¾n2.51g62.24g。
ÜÓù%
,SDIÓùT¤`Ýs,!24n4815.87
kg·hm-2,!34n4300.41kg·hm-2,ˆ¸BI,
SI,CKÓù,!24SDIÓùT¤`=¾›s¡
10.56%,14.92%695.26%,!34=¾›s¡
13.64%,23.60%6120.85%,©Wd…†QR(犘
<0.05);÷Í!24ìíQ=Ïd:ÝçT,CK
TQ=Ïd:Ýkd¡›s

I‘š-¤`6÷r
•z݀
。SDI,BI,SIÓù%TïXQÏd:Ý<
ðQ=Ïd:Ýß#

BI,SIÓùˆ¸,!24
SDITQ=Ïd:Ý=¾›s¡17.70%621.46%,
!34›s¡20.77%634.41%,!24SDITïX
QÏd:Ý=¾›s¡10.47%614.90%,!34›
s¡14.04%624.07%。cNSÜÓù!24T¤
`6Q=Ïd:ÝYé!34。
`5 c~fÆX9$ñòDzœ、Ëó1、åŒ41wó>?6pÕ2|u
Table5 Effectsofdifferentirrigationmethodsonweightofeachplant,waterconsumption,hayyield,andWUEofAlfalfa

Cuttings
»F
Indexes
_œùï
SDI
_ÓÛï
BI
Ýï
SI
DÒÓù
CK
!24
The2ndcutting
÷rš•
Dryweightofeachplant/g
2.51±0.07a 2.30±0.05b 2.28±0.03b 1.16±0.04c
š-¤`
Hayyield/kg·hm-2
4815.87±41.96a 4355.65±104.53b 4190.33±67.47b 2466.81±254.89c
LQ`
Waterconsumption/mm
181.20±1.91b 192.73±3.07a 190.99±2.35a 85.89±4.72c
Q=Ïd:Ý
犠犝犈/kg·m-3
2.66±0.01b 2.26±0.09c 2.19±0.02c 2.87±0.15a
ïXQÏd:Ý
犐犠犝犈/kg·m-3
4.01±0.03a 3.63±0.09b 3.49±0.06c -
!34
The3rdcutting
÷rš•
Dryweightofeachplant/g
2.24±0.08a 2.02±0.06b 1.99±0.12b 1.17±0.23c
š-¤`
Hayyield/kg·hm-2
4300.41±179.04a 3784.74±277.47b 3479.77±386.89b 1947.53±12.35c
LQ`
Waterconsumption/mm
171.71±5.26b 182.47±2.88a 187.02±5.20a 94.59±5.76c
Q=Ïd:Ý
犠犝犈/kg·m-3
2.50±0.05a 2.07±0.18b 1.86±0.25b 2.06±0.14b
ïXQÏd:Ý
犐犠犝犈/kg·m-3
5.36±0.0.07a 4.7±0.20b 4.32±0.12c -
  ü:@‘6@uU;Çg˜<`ã%غ…†(犘<0.05)
Note:Differentlowercasesinthesamerowindicatesignificantdifferenceamongtreatmentgroupsatthe0.05level
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