全 文 ：武汉植物学研究 2001, 19( 1) : 7～13
Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research
10种刚竹属植物花部形态的补充描述

赖广辉
(安徽省广德县林业科学研究所, 广德　242200)
摘　要: 首次补充和描述了黄古竹 Phy llos tachy s ang usta、乌芽竹 P . atr ov ag inata、角竹
P . f imbriligula、美竹 P . mannii、早园竹 P . p rop inqua、芽竹 P . r obustir amea、水胖竹 P . r ubi-
cund a、衢县红壳竹 P . r utila、天目早竹 P . tianmuensis 9 种竹子的花部形态特征,并根据采得
的可靠花枝标本对台湾桂竹 P .makinoi的花部形态特征作了增补和修订。
关键词: 竹亚科; 刚竹属; 花部形态
中图分类号: Q949　文献标识码: A　文章编号: 1000-470X ( 2001) 01-0007-07
Supplementary Description of Floral Morphology of Ten
Species in the Genus Phyllostachys ( Bambusoideae)
LAI Guang-Hui
( G uangd e F or est ry Insti tut e of A nhui P rov ince, Guang de　242200, China)
Abstract: The floral mo rphology of nine species of the genus Phyl lostachys, P .
angusta, P . atr ovaginata, P. f imbriligula, P . mannii , P . p r op inqua, P . r obusti-
ramea, P. rubicunda, P . r ut ila, and P . tianmuensis ar e descr ibed and supple-
mented for the f irst t ime, and a detailed descript ion of f loral character of P .
makinoi is pro vided based on some reliable f low ering specimens of this species.
Key words : Bambuso ideae; Phy llostachy s; F loral mor pholog y
Like most bamboos, tho se in the genus Phy llostachy s usually have a long , irregular
flow er ing interval. It is rather diff icult to distinguish species by flow ers only because o f
the rarity of f low ering . Al though the tax onomy of the genus has been car eful ly studied
due to impo rtant econom ic value of some species and various uses of the bamboo pro-
ducts in daily life, so far the f loral morpholog y of some species r emains unknown. How-
ever , compared w ith varied vegetat iv e parts, the flor al character of each species play s an
important role in bamboo systemat ics.
According to the recent w ork o f Wang et al .
[ 1] , f ifty species, all nat iv e to China,

收稿日期: 2000-03-10,修回日期: 2000-06-17。
　作者简介:赖广辉( 1964- ) ,男,高级工程师,从事竹类研究工作。
wer e included in the genus Phy llostachy s in “Flora Reipublicae Popular is Sinicae 9( 1)”,
a tax onomic monogr aph deal ting w ith the bamboos in China. Of w hich tw enty-seven
species, making up 54 percent in the to tal , are flowerless. As their flor al characters w ere
never descr ibed or were incorr ectly recor ded in tax onom ic literatures, these species are
st ill incomplete morpholog ically. It seems impossible to establish a perfect inf ragenet ic
taxonom ic system of the genus in such cases. In the course of invest igat ing the bamboo
resources in Anhui Province, E China, the present autho r and his cow orkers paid more
at tention to f low ering in bamboo s. Since 1990, mo re than a hundred sheets of flowering
specimens, belong ing to nineteen species o f the genus, have been co llected fr om this
pr ovince. Based on these specimens and some vouchers deposited in the Herbarium o f
Nanjing U niv ersity ( N) and the Her barium of Nanjing Fo rest ry Univ ersity ( NF) , the
floral morpho logy o f nine species is studied for the f irst time, and the f loral character o f
one species is fur ther supplemented and revised.
1　Phyllostachys angusta McClure in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35( 9) : 278, f. 1.
1945.
　　Descr. f l. add.: Inflor escentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales vel in ramulo ter-
minales, basi nudae praeter bracteam unam majorem pseudospiculas nonnullas inferiores
obteg entem , eae bracteas nonnullas g erentes; br acteis 19 ～ 21 mm longis 14～ 16-
nerv ibus, dor so puberul is, apice mucrone acifo rmi inst ruct is, ore nec auriferis nec
set iferis. Pseudospiculae vulg o 2 inter dum 1 in quaque bractea, sessiles; g lum is 2～3
( r ar o 1) , dorso pubescent ibus long itudinaliter nerv at is, medio 1-po rcat is, inferne saepe
minoribus 8～ 10 mm long is apice pungent ibus, superne majo ribus lemmat i flo sculi
sim ilibus 15～17 mm longis apice longe acuminat is. F losculus 1 in quaque pseudospicu-
la, g racilis ; lemmat ibus 20～22 mm long is, apice longe acuminat is, dorso supra medium
puber ulis; paleis circa 15 mm longis, do rso bicarinat is glabris, apice bilobis; lo diculis 3
membranaceis sublinearibus; staminibus 3, f ilament is albis 20～35 mm long is, antheris
flav idis 10～12 mm long is; ov ar io ovato g racili parvoque, stylo circa 20 mm longo albo
glabro , st igmat ibus 3 plumosis.
Zhejiang, China: Anji, T . H. Wen 61523( N) .
This f low er ing specimen T . H. Wen61523 w as fo rmerly misident ified as P . f lexuosa
A. et C. Riv . by some Chinese botanists. Af ter a careful exam inat ion on its fo liar fo rm
and lo cality, it is her e reident ified as P. angusta McClure.
2　Phyllostachys atrovaginata C . S. Chao et H. Y. Zhou in Acta Phyt otax.
Sin. 18( 2) : 191, f . 13. 1980.
　　Descr. fl. add.: Inf lorescent iae contr actae capitulifo rmes, e nodis ramuli laterales,
basi bracteis nonnullis obtectae; bracteis g labris ad 11 mm longis, apice mucronat is,
do rso 12～14-nerv ibus et manifest iuscule t ransverse nervulo sis, ore nec auriferis nec
set iferis. Pseudospiculae 2～3 in quaque bractea, sessiles; glum is 2, prima g racili 6～
7 mm longa, secunda 8～9 mm longa medio 1-porcata ut prima apice puber ula. Flo sculi
8 武汉 植 物学 研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 19卷　
1～3 in quaque pseudospicula; lemmat ibus cir ca 10 mm long is, apice pungent ibus, supra
medio pubescent ibus, nervis long itudinal ibus obscuris; paleis 9～10 mm longis quam
lemmat ibus vulgo brevioribus vel interdum paulo longioribus, praeter basin glabram
pubescentibus, dorso bicarinat is, apice bilobis; lodiculis 3 sublanceolat is membranaceis
apice ciliat is ; stam inibus 3, f ilament is albis 11～13 mm long is, antheris f lavidis 4～5 mm
longis; ovario ovato, stylo 4～5 mm longo, st igmat ibus 3 plumosis.
Georgia, USA: Savannah, Barbour Lathrop Plant Int roduct ion Garden, F. A. M c-
Clure 21544( NF) .
This flowering specimen w ith some underdeveloped culm-sheaths collected f rom Sa-
vannah, Geo rgia, U SA was formerly m isidentif ied by M cClure as P . p urpurata McClure
w hich w as propo sed to be conspecific w ith P . heteroclad a Oliver or w as t reated as a fo rm
of the lat ter by some Chinese botanists [ 1 6] . How ever , a close observat ion show s that it is
distinct ly different in vegetat ive org ans from P . heteroclada Oliv er and is characterized
by exauriculate culm-sheath w ith slight ly concave ligule. This specimen should be rei-
dent if ied as P . atr ovaginata C. S. Chao et H. Y. Zhou.
3　Phyllostachys f imbriligula Wen in Journ. Bamb. Res . 2( 1) : 71, f . 22. 1983.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflo rescentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis
nonnullis sur sum g radat im ampliatis aliquis superio ribus spathifo rmibus obtectae;
spathis 25～35 mm long is 17～19-nervibus, apice mucrone aciform i vel fo lio redacto an-
guste lanceo lato instr uctis, ore exaurit is sed setis brevibus curvis nonnul lis ornat is. Pseu-
dospicula 1 in quaque bractea, sessil is ; g luma una ( raro 2) 12～18 mm longa, medio
1-porcata, dorso circa 11-nerv i glabra, apice acuta vel acuminata. F losculi 1～3 in quaque
pseudospicula; lemmatibus 22～32 mm longis glabris apice cuspidat is, lo ng itudinaliter
nerv osis et t ransverse nervulosis; paleis 19～24 mm longis dor so bicarinatis, ad carinas
pilo sis, apice bilobis; lo diculis 3 membr anaceis subrhombeis vel sublanceolat is 3～4 mm
longis et 1 mm lat is glabris; stam inibus 3, antheris f lavidis circa 10 mm long is, f ilament is
gr acilibus longisque 35～45 mm longis albis g labris; ovario longe ovato vel fere obconico
flav o-virent i glabro, stylo g racili longoque circa 18 mm longo, st igmat ibus 3 cir ca 5 mm
longis plumosis.
Anhui, China: Guangde, G. H. Lai 93006, 93007, 93008, 93009, 93010, 930119
( GDFI
) , col lected f rom a bamboo clump w ere int roduced from Fuyang of Zhejiang by
the staff o f GDFI in February , 1988.
4　Phyllostachys makinoi Hayat a in Icon. Pl. Formos . 5: 250; 6: 142, f . 52.
1916; 7: 95. 1918.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflo rescentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis
nonnullis sur sum g radat im ampliatis aliquis superio ribus spathifo rmibus obtectae;
9　第 1期　　　　　　　　　　赖广辉: 10种刚竹属植物花部形态的补充描述(英)

GDFI= Her barium of Gu angd e Forest ry Inst itute,Anhui Provin ce,C hina.
spathis 17～20 mm longis conspicue 13～15-ner vibus, apice folio redacto late o vato apice
longe acuminato do rso 3～4-nervi et t ransverse nervuloso aut in appendicem subulatam
descrecenti o rnat is, ore exauritis sed setas nonnullas f lexas gerent ibus. Pseudo spiculae
1～2 in quaque bractea, sessiles; glumis 1～2, medio 1-po rcat is, apice longe acum inat is,
pr ima 8～10 mm longa submembr anacea dorso sparse pubescent i, secunda aut una 12～
15 mm longa 7-nerv i dorso prope apicem sparse puberula marg ine sparse ciliolata.
Flosculus 1 in quaque pseudospicula; lemmat ibus 21～23 mm long is apice longe pungen-
tibus puberulis; paleis 18～24 mm long is saepe lemmat ibus brevioribus ( interdum paulo
longior ibus) , dorso bicar inat is, apice bilobis puberulis; lodiculis 3 membranaceis an-
gust issime linearibus; stam inibus 3 plumosis.
Anhui, China: J ixi, G. H . Lai et al . 95037( GDFI ) , Jing xian, G. H. Lai et al . 96036
( GDFI) ; Zhejiang: Qingyuan, S. Q. Chen QY 83017( N) ; Fujian: Sanm ing , K. F . Huang et
al . 018( NF) .
A descript ion of the flo ral morpholog y of this species was pro vided by Keng in
“Flora Illustr ata Plantarum Primarum Sinicarum ( Gramineae)”[ 7] and by Lin in “Flora
of T aiw an Vol. 5”[ 8] respect iv ely . How ever , Wang et al . perceiv ed an obvious difference
in this respect betw een these tw o tax onomic monographs and suggested that the descrip-
tion in the lat ter is rather suspicious
[ 1]
, w hile the descript ion in the fo rmer also is unreli-
able f rom a mixed character of vegetative organs of this species provided by Keng
[ 7] . It s
floral character, therefore, r emained puzzled up to then. Due to some rel iable flowering
materials were r ecent ly obtained from S Anhui in China and specimens w ere also found
in N and NF, it s f loral morpholog y is r edescribed and revised here.
5　Phyllostachys mannii Gamble in Ann. Roy . Bot. Gard. Calcut ta 7: 28, pl.
28. 1896.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflorescent iae spicifo rmes, paulo contractae, e nodis r amul i la-
ter ales, basi bracteis nonnullis sursum gradat im ampliat is aliquis superior ibus spathi-
fo rmibus obtectae; spathis 15～17 mm long is conspicue 15～ 17-nerv ibus, apice mu-
cronat is, ore nec auriferis nec set iferis. Pseudo spicula 1 ( raro 2) in quaque bractea, ses-
silis ; glumis 2, medio 1-porcat is, prima 8～9 mm longa obscure vel manifest iuscule longi-
tudinaliter nerv ata apice obtusa, secunda 11～12 mm longa circa 7-nervi subglabra apice
longe acuminata. Flosculi 2 in quaque pseudospicula; lemmat ibus cir ca 15 mm long is,
apice longe pungent ibus, supr a medium puberulis; paleis lemmat i aequilong is v el paulo
brev io ribus, bicarinatis supr a medium puber ulis, apice bilobis; lodiculis 3 membranaceis
sublinearibus; staminibus 3, f ilament is 17～23 mm longis albis, antheris f lavo-v ir ent ibus
circa 7 mm long is; ovario anguste ovato, sty lo 11～13 mm longo, st igmatibus 3 plumo-
sis.
Jiangsu, China: Qidong , X. K. Zhou 4015( NF) ; Anhui : Jix i, G. H . Lai et al . 95036
( GDFI) .
10 武汉 植 物学 研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 19卷　
6　Phyllostachys propinqua McClure in Journ. Wash. A cad. Sci. 35( 9) : 289,
f. 1. 1945.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflo rescentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis
nonnullis sursum gradat im ampliat is aliquis superioribus spathiform ibus obtectae vel
ipsae bracteas spathiformes nonnullas tantum ger entes; spathis 20～29 mm long is 17～
19-nervibus, dor so saepe sparse pubescent ibus, apice folio redacto amplitudine variabili
ovato usque subulato o rnat is, ore nec auriferis nec setifer is. Pseudo spiculae 1～ 3 in
quaque bractea, sessiles; gluma una 15～20 mm longa, medio 1-porcata, do rso 11～13-
nerv i pubescent i, apice acum inata. F losculus vulg o 1 in quaque pseudospicula ; lemmati-
bus 23～28 mm long is tex tura duris vix ner vat is subg labris vel paulo nerv at is pu-
berulisque, apice longe acuminat is; paleis circa 20～22 mm long is subg labr is, dorso bica-
rinat is, apice bilobis; lodiculis 3 membranaceis; stam inibus 3, f ilament is 24～ 33 mm
longis, antheris f lav is 7～8 mm longis; ovario o vato longe st ipitato , stylo 15～20 mm lon-
go , st igmat ibus 3 plumosis.
Anhui, China: Lu′an, G. H. Lai 97186( GDFI ) , Guangde, G. H . Lai 96007( GDFI ) ,
Jingde, G. H. Lai 95082( GDFI) .
7　Phyllostachys robustiramea S. Y. Chen et C. Y . Yao in Acta Phyt otax.
Sin. 18( 2) : 188, f . 10. 1980.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflo rescentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis
nonnullis sur sum g radat im ampliatis aliquis superio ribus spathifo rmibus obtectae;
spathis 20～23 mm longis 17～19-nervibus, do rso glabris sed marg ine ciliat is, apice folio
redacto subulato o rnat is, or e auriculas obscuras et setas nonnullas suberectas geren-
tibus. Psuedospiculae 1～4 in quaque bractea, sessiles; g lum is 3 lemmat ibus mino ribus et
tenuio ribus submembranaceis long itudinaliter nervat is, medio 1-porcat is, do rso praeter
po rcam prope apicem persparse puber ulam glabris, apice acuminat is vel longe acumi-
nat is, prima secundaque margine ciliata sed tert ia mar gine vix ciliata . Flosculi 1～2 in
quaque pseudo spicula; lemmat ibus 14～17 mm longis, apice longe acuminat is, dorso circa
5-ner vibus supra medium puberulis; paleis 14～15 mm long is, dor so bicarinat is supra
medium puberulis, apice bilobis; lodiculis 3 membranaceis subovat is, mar gine ciliolat is ;
staminibus 3, filament is g racilibus albis 22～31 mm long is, antheris f lavo-v ir ent ibus
5～7 mm longis; o vario ovato vel subconico , sty lo 10～12 mm longo supra medium sparse
villoso, st igmat ibus 3 plumosis.
Anhui, China: Guangde, G. H . Lai 96005( GDFI) , col lected f rom a bamboo clump in-
tr oduced from Hangzhou of Zhejiang by the author in M arch, 1993.
8　Phyllostachys rubicunda Wen in Acta Phytot ax . Sin. 16( 4) : 98, f . 1. 1978.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inf lor escent iae contractae capituliformes vel subcapitulifo rmes, e
nodis r amuli laterales, basi bracteis nonnullis obtectae; bracteis lat ioribus subaequimag-
nis 8～11 mm longis v el inf ra br evio ribus, apice mucronat is, dorso cir ca 14-nervibus, ore
11　第 1期　　　　　　　　　　赖广辉: 10种刚竹属植物花部形态的补充描述(英)
nec auriferis nec set iferis. Pseudospiculae 4～8 in quaque bractea, sessiles; gluma una 8～
11 mm longa, medio 1-porcata, apice perex igue puberula. F losculi 1～3 in quaque pseu-
dospicula; lemmat ibus saepe 8～10 (～12 ) mm longis enervibus, apice longe pungen-
tibus, supra medium pubescent ibus; paleis 7～ 9 mm longis lemmat ibus brevioribus,
pr aeter basin glabram pubescent ibus, dorso bicarinat is, apice bilobis; lodiculis 3 mem-
br anaceis subellipticis, mar gine ciliatis ; stam inibus 3, filamentis 9～14 mm long is, an-
theris flavis 4～6 mm longis; ovario conico , stylo circa 4 mm longo , st igmatibus 3 plumo-
sis.
Jiangsu, China: Yix ing , S. L . Zhou 84538( NF) .
9　Phyllostachys rutila Wen in Bull. Bot. Res . 2( 1) : 70, f . 8. 1982.
　　Descr. fl . add.: Inflo rescentiae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis
nonnullis sur sum g radat im ampliatis aliquis superio ribus spathifo rmibus obtectae;
spathis 20～26 mm long is 17～19-nervibus, do rso glabris, apice folio redacto ovato usque
anguste lanceolato o rnat is, ore nec aurifer is nec set iferis. Pseudo spiculae 1～2 in quaque
bractea , sessiles; glumis 1～2 quam lemmat ibus conspicue br ev io ribus 10～ 16 mm
longis, medio 1-porcatis, dorso conspicue 7～9-nerv ibus in ner vis hispidulis v el sub-
glabris. F losculi 1～2 in quaque pseudospicula; lemmat ibus 22～26 mm longis 9～13-
nerv ibus, apice longe acuminat is puber ulis; paleis 21～26 mm longis, dor so obscure bica-
rinat is, apice bilobis puber ulis; lodiculis 3 membranaceis anguste lanceolat is , marg ine non
ciliat is; stam inibus 3, filamentis 35～53 mm long is, antheris flavis 11～13 mm long is;
ovario anguste ovato usque anguste conico , stylo 15～19 mm longo, st igmatibus 3 plus
minusve plumosis.
Anhui, China: Guangde, G. H . Lai 96004 ( GDFI) , co llected from a bamboo clump
int roduced from Hangzhou of Zhejiang by the author in March, 1993.
10　Phyllostachys tianmuensis Z. P. Wang et N . X. Ma in Journ. Nanjing
U niv . (N at . Sci. Ed. ) No. ( 3) : 191. 1983.
　　Descr. f l. add.: Inf lor escent iae spiciformes, e nodis ramuli laterales, basi bracteis 2～
3 m inor ibus obsitae, eae bracteas spathifo rmes nonnullas g erentes; spathis 22～40 mm
longis et 8～10 mm lat is, do rso dense albo-pubescent ibus 17～19-nerv ibus et interdum
transverse nervulo sis, apice mucrone subulata vel folio redacto anguste lanceolato in-
st ruct is, ore nec auriferis nec set iferis. Pseudo spiculae 1～3 in quaque bractea, sessiles;
glumis 1～2 dense pubescent ibus ( superior ibus interdum sparse pubescent ibus) , dorso
1-porcat is, dum una vel prima 11～16 mm longa apice acum inat is, secunda 7～10 mm
longa apice acuta v el paulo obtusa. f losculus 1 ( raro 2) in quaque pseudospicula; lemma-
t ibus 20～22 mm longis pubescent ibus longitudinaliter ner vatis, apice apiculatis ; paleis
circa 20 mm longis, do rso v ix bicarinat is long itudinal iter nervulo sis g labris, apice bilobis,
lobis purpur at is pilosis; lo diculis 3 membranaceis spathulat is, marg ine ciliat is ;
staminibus 3, antheris f lavo-virent ibus fasciariis circa 10 mm longis, filament is in dim idio
superior e albis sed in dimidio inferio re f lavo-v ir ent ibus cir ca 22 mm long is glabris; ovario
12 武汉 植 物学 研究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 19卷　
ellipt ico flavo-viridi g labro , stylo circa 15 mm longo albo glabro , st igmat ibus 3 circa
10 mm longis plumosis.
Anhui, China: J ixi, G. H. Lai et al . 93099, 93100, 93101, 93102, 93103( GDFI) , same
locality , G. H. Lai et al . 95040( GDFI) .
Acknowledgement : T he aut ho r wishes t o express his sincere t hanks to P ro f. Ding Yulong o f Nan-
jing Fo restr y Univ ersity and Prof . Ma Naixun at the Resear ch Institute o f Subtr opical For estry , CAF fo r
critical reading o f the manuscr ipt, and to the cur ator s of N and NF for pro viding him with facilities fo r
ex amination of the specimens.
References:
[ 1]　Wang Z P,Ye G H, Yu Z H, et al. P hy llostachys. In: Geng B J, Wan g Z P eds. Flora Reip ublicae Popularis Sin icae
Tom : 9( 1) . Beijing: S cien ce Press, 1996. 254.
[ 2]　Wang C P,C hu C D, Chen S Y, et al . A taxonomical study of Phyl lostachy s, C hina ( cou nt . ) .A cta P hy totax S in,
1980, 18( 2) : 187.
[ 3]　Wen T H. New taxa of Phyl lostachy s f rom Zhejiang. Bul l B ot R es, 1982, 2( 1) : 78.
[ 4]　Wen T H. Colored Il lust rat ions of Bambusoid eae in China. Taipei: Shux in Press , 1993. 152.
[ 5]　Zh ang W Y, Ma N X. P hy llostachys. In: Zh u S L, Ma N X,Fu M Y eds . A com pendium of Ch ines e Bamboos . Bei-
jing: Chin a Fores try Publ ishin g House, 1994. 122.
[ 6]　Yi T P. Bamboos Flora of Sich uan . Beijing: Ch ina Fores t ry Pul ishin g House, 1997. 128, 130.
[ 7]　Keng Y L. Flora Illu st rata Plan tarum Primarum Sin icarum ( Gramineae) . Beij ing: Science Pres s, 1959. 103.
[ 8]　Lin W C. P hyllostachys. In : Li H L ed. Flora of T aiwan Vol 5. T aipei: Epoch Publis hing C om pany Ltd, 1978.
727 730.
13　第 1期　　　　　　　　　　赖广辉: 10种刚竹属植物花部形态的补充描述(英)