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作 者 ：蔡礼鸿;李作洲;黄宏文;章文才

期 刊 ：武汉植物学研究 2005年 23卷 5期 页码：406-416

关键词：枇杷属；同工酶；等位酶；遗传变异；基因型指纹；品种鉴定；

Keywords:Eriobotrya, Isozyme, Allozyme, Genetic variation, Genotype fringprint, Cultivar(identification),

摘 要 ：利用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的等电聚焦电泳技术,对国家枇杷种质资源圃所收集保存的113个枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)品种(或株系)和4个野生近缘种[栎叶枇杷(E.prinoides Rehd.et Wils.)、大渡河枇杷(E.prinoides var.daduheensis H.Z.Zhang)、齿叶枇杷(E.serrata Vidal.)、大瑶山枇杷(E.dayaoshanensis Chen.)],共117份材料进行了等位酶遗传变异分析.在12个酶系中共检测到24个清晰位点和59个等位基因,多态位点为21个,位点最大等位基因数为5,体现出枇杷丰富的遗传种质多样性;χ2分析表明等位基因频率在不同产地品种群间存在明显差异,在用于分析的19个多态位点中,有15个位点达到显著或极显著水平;且不同的种材料拥有各自特有等位基因,如Dia-1^c,Dia-2^b,Dia-3^b只存在于大瑶山枇杷中,Est-2^b,Est-3^a只存在于大渡河枇杷中,Idh-1^d仅出现于枇杷品种荔枝枇杷中,体现了枇杷物种间的遗传组成差异;利用11个酶系统22个位点的53个等位基因所构建的枇杷品种(株系)等位酶基因型指纹可以将113个枇杷品种中的111个完全区分,各品种均有自己独特的等位酶基因型指纹,虽然进一步的分析表明,目前所研究的酶系统位点和等位基因变异与枇杷品种果实园艺性状变异间缺乏关联,但等位酶标记仍然不失为枇杷品种鉴别的一种有用工具.

Abstract:Allozymic variation of 113 loquate cultivars of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.and 4 wild related species(E.prinoides Rehd.et Wils.,E.prinoides var.danduheensis H.Z.Zhang,E.serrata Vidal.and E.dayaoshanensis Chen) were investigated using isoelectric focuses in thin-layer po-(lyacrylamide) slab gel in present study.Fifty-nine alleles of 24 loci in 12 enzyme systems were detected 21 loci are polymorphic.The maxium number of alleles in a locus is five.The result demonstrated a rich genetic diversity in loquat germplasm.χ² tests for homogeneity of allele frequencies across different cultivar groups revealved 15 of 19 ploymorphic loci are significant different among the groups.Moreover,some specific alleles were detected in different species,such as Dia-1^c,(Dia-2^b),Dia-3^b were only found in E.dayaoshanensis and Est-2^b,Est-3^a only in E.prinoides var.daduheensis,while Idh-1^d occurred in Lizhipipa,a cultivar of E.japonica.The result also indicated that genetic composition was highly differentiated among different species in genus Eriobotrya.Based on multi-locos genotype fingerprinting cultivars with 53 alleles at 22 loci,111 of 113 loquat cultivars or selections were clear identified,and each cultivar has its unique allozyme genotypy (fringerprint,)suggesting allozyme is a useful marker for loquat cultivars (identification,)although the fruit characteristics variations is independent of the isozyme genetic variations examined in a detailed analysis.

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